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78-529: Part of the network of National Wildlife Refuges (NWR), the Tualatin River refuge is one of only ten urban refuges in the United States. Habitats in the refuge include forested areas, wetlands, oak and pine grassland, and meadows, with mixed deciduous and coniferous forests common to Western Oregon. The refuge was established as an urban refuge to provide wetland, riparian, and upland habitats for

156-581: A $ 5 million headquarters and wildlife visitor center. Refuge headquarters were previously in old farm buildings to the west on Roy Rogers Road. The new building was awarded honorable mention by the Department of the Interior in its 2008 Environmental Achievement Awards. It was designed to meet Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards at the silver level, but did not receive certification from

234-487: A 2,500-acre (1,000 ha) refuge near Sherwood and Oregon Route 99W and then grew to a 3,000-acre (1,200 ha) proposal that would have unconnected parts, with the additional wetlands near Scholls to the west. To press for the creation of the proposed Tualatin River National Wildlife Refuge, Claus, along with local officials and citizens groups, lobbied Congress for funding, which included

312-672: A broad spectrum of service programs by enforcing conservation laws established to protect the fish, wildlife, cultural, and archaeological resources the service manages in trust for the American people. They also educate the public about the FWS's mission, contribute to environmental education and outreach, provide safety and security for the visiting public, assist local communities with law enforcement and natural disaster response and recovery through emergency management programs, and help protect native subsistence rights. They are routinely involved with

390-622: A check for his work. The company additionally downgraded its offices, with staff moved in September 2018 from the Jack London Square offices to a less costly facility located several blocks away. Food preparation, an important part of the magazine's content, began to be done at an externally-located kitchen in Mountain View . In March 2020, with the magazine struggling financially due to loss of advertising revenue during

468-455: A few. There is also a pair of Bald Eagles . The year it was created officials counted 24 different bird species. By 2008 there were 185 birds species represented at the refuge. River otter , beaver , nutria , mink , weasel , red fox , deer , elk , coyotes , raccoons , and rabbits make up a portion of the terrestrial animals. Other wildlife includes painted turtles, frogs, salamanders, crawfish, fish, and alligator lizards. The refuge

546-730: A focus almost exclusively on the Western United States . The magazine is published six times per year by the Sunset Publishing Corporation which was sold by Time Inc. in November 2017 to Regent , a private equity firm led by investor Michael Reinstein . Regent formed the publisher Archetype in 2019 for its media holdings. Sunset began in 1898 as a promotional magazine for the Southern Pacific Railroad , designed to combat

624-462: A global private equity firm led by Beverly Hills based investor Michael Reinstein . Sale price of the magazine, including both its assets and liabilities, was estimated at $ 12 million — a fraction of the publication's value during its heyday. After sale of the magazine to Regent, Sunset launched a round of personnel cuts, leaving it with fewer than 20 employees, a mere one-fifth of its staff just five years previously. The publication has suffered

702-550: A habitat for endangered species , migratory birds , plants, and numerous other valuable animals, implemented the NWRS Improvement Act, acquired and protected key critical inholdings, and established leadership in habitat restoration and management. Under the act, the NWRS has created Comprehensive Conservation Plans (CCPs) for each refuge, developed through consultation with private and public stakeholders. These began

780-549: A loss of advertising revenue in recent years, which in 2017 pushed the magazine's operating income into the red for the first time since 1938, with a loss of about $ 4 million posted on nearly $ 28 million in gross revenue. A cash-flow crisis resulted, with several freelance writers complaining in the Summer of 2017 that payment for published material had been delayed, with one particularly vocal writer noting that he had been forced to wait more than four months after invoicing to receive

858-825: A marsh-filled valley. There is also the Wapato Lake Unit approximately 15 miles (24 km) to the west. Located along the Pacific Flyway for migratory birds, this habitat includes seasonal wetlands, streams, forested wetlands, savanna, riparian zones, forested uplands, and the Tualatin River and portions of its floodplain . The refuge is home to almost 200 species of birds, more than 50 mammal species, and 25 species of reptiles and amphibians. Tree species include red alder, aspen, maple, oak, Oregon white ash, Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, Pacific yew, and cedar. A pair of 350-year-old oak trees can be found at

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936-473: A message from Sunset ' s publishers: "This is to announce that by reason of the recent destruction by fire of the Sunset Magazine offices on April 18th, this Emergency Edition will be the only issue of the magazine for the month of May.… The priceless stock of drawing, photographs and engravings was burned.… In one day the accumulation and accomplishment of years were swept away". Soon, however,

1014-510: A new motto: "The Magazine of Western Living." At the end of World War II, Sunset presented a series featuring innovative plans for homes to be built once the war was won, by architects including Portland's Pietro Belluschi and Los Angeles's Harwell Hamilton Harris . When Lane took over the magazine, the population of the West was booming. A few years later, the end of World War II brought an explosion of newcomers. Drawing on his experience from

1092-453: A new safe entrance to the planned visitor's area. In November 2004, Congress appropriated $ 700,000 for the NWR to cover the costs of designing a public visitor center. By 2005 construction had progressed on public facilities at the site that included trails, observations decks , parking, and an entrance from Oregon Route 99W with plans for permanently opening to the public in 2006. In July 2005,

1170-449: A regional, integrated level adds to the effective conservation achievements of the FWS and allows individual refuges to respond more effectively to challenges. Wildlife and habitat management activities include: During fiscal year 2015, the refuge system manipulated 3.1 million acres of habitat (technique #10 from the preceding list) and managed 147 million acres of the system without habitat manipulation (using techniques #1 through 9 from

1248-424: A review process by stakeholders beginning in 2013. The CCPs must be consistent with the FWS goals for conservation and wildlife management. The CCPs outline conservation goals for each refuge for 15 years into the future, with the intent that they will be revised every 15 years thereafter. The comprehensive conservation planning process requires a scoping phase, in which each refuge holds public meetings to identify

1326-634: A successful series of how-to home improvement and gardening books, which are still published today . Sunset initially treated World War II as if it were a temporary irritation, but it soon mobilized for war. One story featured newly minted aviation cadets at the Santa Ana Army Air Base . Aware that the federal government's victory garden tips did not always fit Western soils and climates, magazine editors planted their own 1-acre (4,000 m ) test plot near UC Berkeley so that they could give their own advice. In 1943, Sunset devised

1404-584: A variety of migratory birds , threatened and endangered species , fish and other resident wildlife. The refuge is home to nearly 200 bird species and more than 70 other animal species. A visitor center with exhibits and information about the refuge was opened in 2008 off of Oregon Route 99W near Sherwood in the Portland metropolitan area . Next to the center is the refuge's headquarters and an observation deck overlooking seasonal ponds. The refuge has nearly five miles of wildlife interpretive trails open to

1482-659: A variety of different administrative and funding mechanisms. Setting aside the sections of Marine National Monuments outside refuge boundaries (685.7 million of the 759 million total acres in Marine National Monuments), leaves 151 million acres of the more traditional Refuges and Wetland Management Districts. These 151 million acres were acquired as follows: In addition to refuge status, the "special" status of lands within individual refuges may be recognized by additional designations, either legislatively or administratively. Special designation may also occur through

1560-458: A video narrated by actor Robert Wagner done at the request of his friend Jim Claus. Initial estimates for the completion of the project were up to 30 years at a cost of $ 10 million for land acquisitions. In late 1992, area residents Tom Stibolt and Lisa Brenner donated the first 12 acres (4.9 ha) to the project, with the Fish and Wildlife Service then accepting the donation to officially create

1638-467: Is a complex process of controlling or eradicating invasive species, using fire in a prescribed manner, assuring adequate water resources, and assessing external threats such as development or contamination. Hundreds of national refuges are home to some 700 species of birds, 220 species of mammals, 250 reptile and amphibian species, and more than 1000 species of fish. Endangered species are a priority of National Wildlife Refuges, with nearly 60 refuges having

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1716-418: Is also essential to proper management of refuge lands. As of September 30, 2019, the refuges had 15,257 roads, bridges, and trails; 5,204 buildings; 8,407 water management structures; and 8,414 other structures such as visitor facility enhancements (hunting blinds, fishing piers, boat docks, observation decks, and information kiosks). The overall facility infrastructure is valued at over $ 36 billion. The area of

1794-682: Is an experimental showcase house, opened on September 8, 2006, in Alamo, California . It is a collaboration between Sunset and Popular Science . It is part of the "Idea House" program, originally launched in 1998. Sunset' s commentary has contributed to the debate on natural features including the Mojave Desert , the Tongass National Forest and the western U.S. National Parks. Occasionally, it has called for pro-environmental action, as it did with its 1969 article demanding

1872-579: Is in every state. National Wildlife Refuge System employees are responsible for planning, biological monitoring and habitat conservation , contaminants management, visitor services, outreach and environmental education, heavy equipment operation, law enforcement, and fire management. The National Wildlife Refuge System deals with urban intrusion/development, habitat fragmentation , degradation of water quantity and quality, climate change , invasive species , increasing demands for recreation, and increasing demands for energy development. The system has provided

1950-577: Is located about 15 miles (24 km) to the west of the main refuge, near the city of Gaston along Oregon Route 47 in Washington and Yamhill counties. The area was once the site of Wapato Lake, whose soil held an organic-rich peat that sustained a shrub swamp ecosystem. The wapato plant ( Sagittaria latifolia ) grew in the upper marsh of the Wapato Lake Basin and was harvested by Native Americans . In 1892, attempts began to drain

2028-764: Is no coincidence: its founders came out West to see how the Lanes did it in the early 1960s). . When Katie Tamony took over as editor-in-chief in 2001, she collaborated with new creative director Mia Daminato (former creative director for Australian-based Federal Publishing Company's Magazine Group) to create a new, more modern design. The Menlo Park campus at 80 Willow Road was sold to a San Francisco real estate development firm by Time Warner in 2014 for more than $ 75 million. In June 2015, Sunset announced it would be moving its headquarters to Jack London Square ( Oakland, California ). The new offices opened in December 2015, and

2106-587: Is one of only ten national wildlife refuges in the United States located in an urban area . Groups have suggested that the refuge be expanded all the way to the Willamette River to provide a greenway through a heavily populated area. The Tualatin's floodplain is the largest of any of the Willamette River's tributaries. Within the refuge only 450 acres (180 ha) of the Atfalat'i Unit

2184-477: Is open to the public. This section includes the visitor center with the Wildlife Center and refuge headquarters. The Wildlife Center includes classrooms, a student lab, a gift shop, and informational displays, and is next to a grove of oak trees estimated to be 350 years old. Inside the center are murals, dioramas , and hands-on exhibits, plus the classroom contains skins and skulls of wildlife that live in

2262-528: Is the season when all the little toes are going not to market, but to have a pedicure". Eventually, a meatier magazine emerged. Sunset began "Kitchen Cabinet", a readers' recipes feature (still featured as "Reader Recipes"). Essays on home architecture became more specifically geared to the West, with a series of sumptuously photographed articles championing the Western ranch house . Travel and garden coverage grew similarly focused and specific. In 1932, Sunset

2340-528: The 1906 San Francisco earthquake destroyed the Sunset offices. The May 1906 edition was a six-page emergency issue, in stark contrast to the 214-page April 1906 edition. The issue opened with a dire communiqué from E. H. Harriman , president of the Southern Pacific: "The earthquake on the morning of April 18th was the most severe that has occurred since San Francisco became a great city". Next came

2418-599: The COVID-19 pandemic , the company put most of its employees on unpaid leave. During the pandemic, the company briefly ceased printing the magazine but returned to print with the December 2020 issue. Since 1957, Sunset ' s Western Home Awards program, cosponsored by the American Institute of Architects, has introduced readers to works by Richard Neutra , Charles Moore , Frank Gehry , and Calvin C. Straub , among other notables. The "House of Innovation"

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2496-545: The United States Green Building Council . The administration building and visitor structures were constructed by Wade Perrow Construction. A variety of people-oriented amenities are spread outdoors across the part of the refuge open to the public. One feature is an outdoor deck overhanging an embank that overlooks ponds at the refuge. This 50-foot (15 m) long concrete deck is of a cantilevered design that extends 30 feet (9.1 m) over

2574-617: The 1920s, the magazine became unprofitable, as it grew thinner and its circulation dwindled. In 1929, Lawrence W. Lane, a former advertising executive with Better Homes and Gardens , purchased Sunset , and changed the format to its current Western lifestyle emphasis. The magazine became focused toward a female audience. The Lane family would own Sunset for the next 62 years. During the Depression, weighty ruminations on politics and economics were replaced with frivolous articles like March 1935's "Little Toes, What Now?", which began "This

2652-538: The 800 acres (320 ha) lake to increase farmland, with the Wapato Improvement District completing the effort in the 1930s. Valley forests, prairies, and wetlands encompass the region today, including two small streams, Ayers and Wapato creeks. The government had hoped to add land in the Gaston area to the main refuge, but initially met resistance from local residents. Some residents later asked

2730-564: The East Coast-serving Better Homes and Gardens , he guessed correctly that these new Westerners would be hungry for information about how to travel, cook, cultivate, and build in their new environment. For its first five decades, Sunset was headquartered in various downtown San Francisco office buildings. In 1951, the headquarters was moved to Menlo Park, California , a suburb located 25 miles (40 km) south of San Francisco. The 9-acre (36,000 m ) parcel

2808-465: The League of Nations. Fiction and poetry became more ambitious, featuring authors such as Jack London , Dashiell Hammett , Mary Austin , and evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson . Sunset cover art in its early years was of high quality, with the early 20th century being the golden age of magazine illustration. Contributors of cover art included Will James , Maynard Dixon , and Cornelia Barns . In

2886-658: The National Wildlife Refuge Association and referenced below. Comprehensive wildlife and habitat management demands the integration of scientific information from several disciplines, including understanding ecological processes and monitoring status of fish, wildlife and plants. Equally important is an intimate understanding of the social and economic drivers that impact and are affected by management decisions and can facilitate or impede implementation success. Service strategic habitat conservation planning, design, and delivery efforts are affected by

2964-602: The Sunset Gardens, were designed by the landscape artist Thomas Church . For a while, Sunset referred to the Menlo Park headquarters as the Laboratory of Western Living. Its test kitchen processes thousands of recipes a year. It tested its gardening advice in its 3,000 sq ft editorial test gardens, which was designed to achieve high performance in tight spaces. Roughly 50% of Sunset ' s garden photography

3042-526: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on wildlife conservation initiatives and projects, began building agency and citizen coalitions at the local, state, and national levels to initiate the Rock Creek refuge. In 1991, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service began looking at creating a national wildlife refuge along the Tualatin River near Sherwood at Rock Creek. The original plans called for

3120-548: The United States for the benefit of the present and future generations of Americans" (National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997). The system maintains the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of these natural resources and enables for associated public enjoyment of these areas where compatible with conservation efforts. National Wildlife Refuges manage a range of habitat types, including wetlands, prairies, coastal and marine areas, and temperate, tundra, and boreal forests. The management of each habitat

3198-522: The Wapato Lake Unit with a boundary encompassing 4,310 possible acres (17.4 km). In June 2008, the Wapato Lake Unit purchased its first sets of properties. Totaling 180 acres (73 ha) from three properties, the Fish and Wildlife Service paid $ 631,000 for the land using a grant from the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission . An additional 15 acres (6.1 ha) were added in September. Plans called for restoring

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3276-531: The West. The format resembled other national general interest magazines of the day such as Collier's and The Saturday Evening Post . The new owners sought to "make the magazine a vehicle of Western thought and to steer the magazine into a national market," according to Stanford University librarian Tomas Jaehn. Sunset reported on heavy political and economic issues; contributors included Stanford president David Starr Jordan discussing international affairs and future U.S. president Herbert Hoover discussing

3354-486: The actions of other legitimate agencies or organizations. The influence that special designations may have on the management of refuge lands and waters may vary considerably. Special designation areas within the refuge system as of September 30, 2014, included: Sunset (magazine) Sunset is a lifestyle magazine in the United States . Sunset focuses on homes, cooking , gardening , and travel , with

3432-612: The air? " citing national security concerns; the magazine was still owned by the Southern Pacific when the story was published. The publishers announced their ambitions in the December 1914 issue. Among the promises were reporting from war correspondent Arthur Street, who the magazine sent to Asia to cover the impacts of war and the opening of the Panama Canal on the world; reporting in North America supported by

3510-726: The company's trains, entice guests to the railroad's resort (the Hotel Del Monte in Monterey), and possibly encourage these tourists to stay and buy land, since the Southern Pacific was the largest single landowner in California and Nevada . The inaugural issue featured an essay about Yosemite , with photographs by noted geologist Joseph LeConte . There was information about train travel, as well as social notes from Western resorts, such as this from Pasadena: "The aristocratic residence town of Southern California and rendezvous for

3588-607: The demographic, societal, and cultural changes of population growth and urbanization, as well as people's attitudes and values toward wildlife. Consideration of these factors contributes to the success of the service's mission to protect wildlife and their habitats. The refuge system works collaboratively internally and externally to leverage resources and achieve effective conservation. It works with other federal agencies, state fish and wildlife agencies, tribes, nongovernmental organizations, local landowners, community volunteers, and other partners. Meaningful engagement with stakeholders at

3666-418: The embankment. Other amenities include footbridges, education sites, and walking trails. There are nearly five miles (8.0 km) of trails, but they are closed in the fall and winter. Centennial and River are two of the viewing areas along the trails, each offering a place to view wildlife. Photographers have access to blinds which allow them to take pictures without disturbing the wildlife. Wapato Lake Unit

3744-631: The farmland back to its natural state and acquiring all land by 2011. National Wildlife Refuges The National Wildlife Refuge System ( NWRS ) is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior . The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants. Since President Theodore Roosevelt designated Florida's Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge as

3822-419: The features designed to be environmentally friendly . Built at a cost of $ 4.6 million, the Wildlife Center also has a large arced skylight and atrium in the center to provide much natural light. Builders used local wood in the Wildlife Center, which has large, exposed beams. The center and headquarters are adjacent to each other off Oregon Route 99W on a knoll above a seasonal pond. Original plans called for

3900-414: The first wildlife refuge in 1903, the system has grown to over 568 national wildlife refuges and 38 wetland management districts encompassing about 859,000,000 acres (3,476,200 km ). The mission of the refuge system is "To administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within

3978-510: The government to buy their land for the refuge in 2000. By 2002, up to 6,400 acres (2,600 ha) were being studied in that area for inclusion into the wildlife refuge as part of the then uncreated unit. At that time the Fish and Wildlife Service owned 108 acres (44 ha) in the area, with plans to restore the lake if the unit was established. In March 2007, the Service approved the creation of

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4056-472: The greater law enforcement community in cooperative efforts to combat the nation's drug problems, address border security issues, and aid in other security challenges. Prevention and control of wildland fires is also a part of refuge management. Completion of controlled burns to reduce fuel loading, and participation in the interagency wildland fire suppression efforts, are vital for management of refuge lands. A considerable infrastructure of physical structures

4134-487: The land. The refuge grew from what was once a former dairy farm that spanned 400 acres (160 ha) to more than 800 acres (320 ha) by September 1998. In the spring of 1999, the $ 1.1 million system for flooding parts of the refuge was completed. In total, the refuge grew to 1,066 acres (431 ha) in 1999, and increased the number of bird species from 18 to 146. The facility was further enlarged to 1,268 acres (513 ha) in 2003, and received nearly $ 750,000 to build

4212-514: The magazine as something of their parents' era. Newer, fresher-looking lifestyle magazines, such as Martha Stewart Living and Real Simple , presented Sunset with competition. The magazine remained highly profitable, however, generating $ 28 million profit for Time Warner in 2000 on gross revenues of $ 78 million. In 2001, Time Warner reorganized Sunset to be part of Southern Progress Corporation , best known for its similar home and lifestyle magazine Southern Living (its similarity to Sunset

4290-539: The magazine had built strong national circulation and reputation, and the Southern Pacific sold the magazine to William Woodhead & Co., a group of employees who wished to continue the focus on the American West, but less corporate influence. The Theodore Roosevelt administration indicted the editor, writer, photographer, and aviator associated with a story entitled " Can the Panama Canal be destroyed from

4368-525: The magazine was trumpeting its hometown's revival, in articles like "San Francisco's Future" and "How Things Were Righted After the Fire of 1906". In "A San Francisco Pleasure Cure", an early story by Sinclair Lewis published in the magazine, a tired businessman revived himself through a visit to the rebuilt city. Southern Pacific purchased the Portland -based Pacific Monthly in 1912, and merged it with Sunset , to form Sunset: The Pacific Monthly . By 1914,

4446-405: The magazine's outdoor kitchen and test gardens were relocated to Cornerstone Sonoma, a winery in nearby Sonoma County, California . The magazine's extensive archival collection, including numerous original photographs and administrative papers, would not be brought to the new Oakland location, and was acquired by Stanford University . On November 30, 2017 Time Inc. sold Sunset to Regent, L.P.

4524-549: The money in order to begin buying land for the refuge. Congress gave the project an additional $ 2.5 million in 1995. In the early years, the facility was only open to the public for a songbird festival in May and National Wildlife Refuge Week in October. A program to restore the habitat to its original state began in 1997. During that year, twenty water flow systems and dikes were added at the refuge to allow managers to flood parts of

4602-514: The negative " Wild West " stereotypes about California . The Sunset Limited was the premier train on the Southern Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route, which ran between New Orleans and San Francisco (the train is still in operation—from Los Angeles —as part of the national Amtrak system). Sunset Magazine was started to be available onboard and at the station, in order to promote the West. It aimed to lure tourists onto

4680-454: The preceding list). Refuges attract about 65 million visitors each year who come to hunt, fish, observe, and photograph wildlife, and are a significant boon to local economies. According to the FWS's 2013 Banking on Nature Report , visitors to refuges positively impact the local economies. The report details that 47 million people who visited refuges that year: The refuge system has a professional cadre of law enforcement officers that supports

4758-803: The primary purpose of conserving in aggregate 280 threatened or endangered species. The National Wildlife Refuge System welcomes about 65 million visitors each year to participate in outdoor recreational activities. The system manages six wildlife-dependent recreational uses in accordance with the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997, including hunting , fishing , birding , photography , environmental education , and environmental interpretation. Hunters visit more than 350 hunting programs on refuges and on about 36,000 waterfowl production areas. Opportunities for fresh or saltwater fishing are available at more than 340 refuges. At least one wildlife refuge

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4836-608: The public's main concerns; plan formulation, when refuge staff and FWS planners identify the key issues and refuge goals; writing the draft plan, in which wildlife and habitat alternatives are developed, and the plan is submitted for public review; revision of the draft plan, which takes into consideration the public's input; and plan implementation. Each CCP is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and must consider potential alternatives for habitat and wildlife management on

4914-568: The public. Up to 50,000 waterfowl can be seen at the refuge during the winter months when officials flood portions of the refuge. The creation of a national wildlife refuge in the Sherwood area was conceptualized and proposed by Sherwood resident Jim Claus to the Sherwood City Council in 1989 under the working concept "The Rock Creek National Wildlife Refuge." Claus, who had a long history of working with government agencies such as

4992-502: The purchase of a new automobile; coverage of international expositions such as the Panama–Pacific International Exposition ; responses to inquiries of a newly-established service bureau, to field questions from readers about relocating to the western U.S. and other matters; and a renewed commitment to fiction and photography. By 1914, Sunset had begun to publish original articles, stories and poetry focusing on

5070-702: The refuge and it had grown to 1,358 acres (550 ha). The refuge submitted a proposal to start collecting user fees in February 2009, with a planned start date of August 2009. In December 2013, the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge was split out from TRNWF. Before becoming a protected area, much of the land in the Tualatin River National Wildlife Refuge was agricultural, with hog and dairy farms , and crops such as corn and onions. Today,

5148-459: The refuge received $ 3.9 million from the federal government to complete a visitor center and new headquarters for the facility. In February 2006, construction began on the main observation deck at the visitor's plaza, with plans to open the refuge to the public in June. Regular public access began on June 3, 2006, when roughly 450 acres (180 ha) of more than 1,300 acres (530 ha) of the refuge

5226-570: The refuge spreads out over ten miles (16 km) along the Tualatin River, Rock Creek, and Chicken Creek, and is managed in five main sections (units): Rock Creek, Onion Flats, Riverboat, Tualatin River, and Atfálat´i . The refuge also includes the Tonquin scablands created by the Missoula Floods to the southeast of the river. These scablands were scoured of the top layers of soil, leaving

5304-494: The refuge system is heavily influenced by large areas devoted to protecting wild Alaska and to protecting marine habitats in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans; however, the number of units and public visitation overwhelmingly occurs in the lower 48 states, though these refuges and wetland management districts constitute only about 2% of the area of the system. Today's Refuge System (September 30, 2022 data) has been assembled through

5382-458: The refuge was finally completed and opened in January 2008. A dedication ceremony was held at the Wildlife Center on March 29, 2008; 500 people attended the event including Congressman David Wu and author Richard Louv . In 2008, the refuge had attracted 50,000 birds in a single day, with 20,000 birds wintering in the refuge. As of December 2008, the federal government had spent $ 10.4 million on

5460-550: The refuge, and identify their possible effects on the refuge. The NEPA requires FWS planners and refuge staff to engage the public in this planning process to assist them with identifying the most appropriate alternative. Completed CCPs are available to the public and can be found on the FWS website. A partial history of the Refuge System is at . For a much more thorough and complete history, see "The History and Future of our National Wildlife Refuge System" compiled by

5538-436: The refuge. From inside the center, visitors can view the scenery using a viewing scope through a large window overlooking the pond. The 6,300-square-foot (590 m) Wildlife Center was designed to give basic information and encourage visitors to then explore the wildlife in their natural habitats. The building is sienna in color and was built with a flat roof that has gravel on top to provide nesting habitat for birds, one of

5616-412: The refuge. They had purchased the 12 acres (49,000 m) of woodland which adjoined their own property and donated it to the refuge. Sherwood donated the second parcel to the refuge, 1-acre (0.40 ha) in 1993. Congress approved $ 2 million for the project to purchase more land in November 1993. In January 1994, the Department of the Interior granted the Fish and Wildlife Service the authority to spend

5694-431: The traveling upper ten has enjoyed a remarkably gay season and the hotel accommodations have been sorely taxed." Poetry featuring railroad themes and a later string of short stories in which characters swapped tall tales, always aboard a train, also highlighted travel by rail. Most of these early stories were penned by Paul Shoup , who later abandoned fiction to become president of the Southern Pacific. On April 18, 1906,

5772-878: The visitor center. Plant species in the refuge include bulrushes, wapato, water plantain , as Oregon grape, wild trillium, camas, iris, snowberry, cattails, wild millet, wild rose, thimbleberry, and others. Wildflowers include blue chicory, Douglas spirea, and purple crocuses. Waterfowl at the refuge include Canada Geese, Wood Ducks, swans, Northern Pintails , Green Herons, teal, mergansers , Belted Kingfishers, and American Wigeon among others. Birds that spend time there include, Great Blue Herons, Sandhill Cranes, Oregon Juncos, wrens, European Starlings, blackbirds, nuthatches, Pacific-slope Flycatchers, Red-tailed Hawks , American Goldfinches , Peregrine Falcons , Yellow Warblers , Western Flycatchers , Killdeer , Northern Harriers , Ospreys , egrets , quail , pheasants , Golden-crowned Kinglets , owls , and Black-headed Grosbeaks to name

5850-481: Was a remnant of a 19th-century estate owned by the Hopkins family . This land was originally a part of a grant to Don Jose Arguello, governor of Spanish California in 1815. Its new headquarters was designed by Cliff May , known for his designs of ranch-style houses, which had been featured in Sunset for two decades. May created a long, low, adobe homestead that surrounded a central courtyard. The central courtyard, or

5928-412: Was opened on a permanent basis; Construction on the visitor center began later that month. In March 2007, the Wapato Lake Unit was created to the west near Gaston. In the same month, the refuge received the 2007 Sunset Magazine Environmental Award, with the magazine honoring the refuge as a "preserved paradise". The number of annual visitors to the refuge totaled 40,000 in 2007. The Wildlife Center at

6006-483: Was taken in this area. Lane Publishing, including Sunset Magazine and books, was sold to Time Warner in 1990, and the company was renamed Sunset Publishing Corporation. A purchase price of $ 225 million for the magazine and its related assets was announced. The first issue of the magazine under Time Warner was published in August 1990. In the 1990s, the franchise began to lose touch with its demographic, who viewed

6084-405: Was the first national magazine to publish separate editions for different parts of its circulation area, tailoring its gardening advice to each area. Sunset eliminated the use of bylines , and articles were increasingly how-to, giving it a voice of authority and efficiency. It was a successful formula: by 1938 the magazine was again profitable. Under Lane's leadership, the company also produced

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