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14-542: Tubercular may refer to: tubercle tuberculosis Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tubercular . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubercular&oldid=702000170 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

28-409: A bone . There are two types of entheses: fibrous entheses and fibrocartilaginous entheses . In a fibrous enthesis, the collagenous tendon or ligament directly attaches to the bone. In a fibrocartilaginous enthesis, the interface presents a gradient that crosses four transition zones: A disease of the entheses is known as an enthesopathy or enthesitis . Enthetic degeneration

42-460: A penis or a clitoris on a human fetus . The septotubercular tract can be found in the human, as well as in the sheep brain. It is found nearby the septohypothalamic tract . Its function to the brain is ambiguous at this point. Also, the tuberculum sellae is found at the base of the skull, which holds the hypophysis . Enthesis The enthesis (plural entheses ) is the connective tissue which attaches tendons or ligaments to

56-427: Is a minor malformation of the junction of the fourth and fifth hillocks of His. It is found in a substantial minority of people and takes the form of a cartilaginous node or bump on the rim of their outer ear, which is thought to be the vestige of a joint that allowed the top part of the ancestral ear to swivel or flop down over the opening to the ear. The genital tubercle is a small bump that eventually develops into

70-441: Is characteristic of spondyloarthropathy and other pathologies. The enthesis is the primary site of disease in ankylosing spondylitis . Entheses are widely recorded in the field of bioarchaeology where the presence of anomalies at these sites, called entheseal changes , has been used to infer repetitive loading to study the division of labour in past populations. Several different recording methods have been proposed to record

84-401: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tubercle A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti , it denotes a round nodule, small eminence , or warty outgrowth found on

98-439: The enthesis is the connective tissue between the tendon and bone . For example, the tibial tuberosity creates an attachment point for the ligamentum patellae , or patellar ligament. Tubercles are nodules that contain caseous necrosis , which form in the lungs as a result of an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the patients with tuberculosis . Granulomas form in the infected tissue and undergo necrosis in

112-399: The lip . They are also known as podaria (singular podarium ). When referring to some members of the pea family , it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots. In mycology , a tubercle is used to refer to a mass of hyphae from which a mushroom is made. When it is used in relation to certain dorid nudibranchs such as Peltodoris nobilis , it means

126-417: The centre. Tubercles are also known as tuberculous nodules, or tuberculomas . The affected parts develop lesions in the form of small nodules called tubercles, from which the disease gets its name. Around the sixth week of gestation, six swellings of tissue, called the hillocks of His , arise around the area that will form the ear canal. These eventually coalesce to form the outer ear. Darwin's tubercle

140-646: The flipper's surface, exhibiting the tubercle effect of fluid dynamics. In dinosaurs , a tubercle is a general term for the scales seen in skin impressions. In duck-billed dinosaurs , for example, three main types of tubercles are defined: small tubercles with no definite arrangement (ground tubercles); larger, polygonal tubercles (pavement tubercles) up to 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter, which are grouped into clusters separated by ground tubercles; and limpet -shaped conical scutes. In fish, nuptial tubercles are formed on males for breeding. Nuptial pads on frogs also comprise keratinised tubercles. Within

154-498: The human body, there are numerous sites where tubercles develop. On bones, they are usually eminences used for muscle connections. Larger tubercles are also known as tuberosities . Tubercles are usually found behind the last molar in the upper jaw, covered by the gum . Surgery can be done to make tubercles less prominent. In the human skeleton , a tubercle or tuberosity is a protrusion that serves as an attachment for skeletal muscles . The muscles attach by tendons , where

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168-412: The nodules on the dorsum of the animal. The tubercles in nudibranchs can present themselves in different ways: each tubercle in a single, rounded, conical or angular form; in a compound form of two or more levels; tubercles in amalgamated clusters; or as tubercles forming, or joined by a ridge. Tubercles found on the leading edge of humpback whales ' flippers were demonstrated to improve fluid flow over

182-466: The relative size of muscle attachment sites. "Enthesis" is rooted in the Ancient Greek word, "ἔνθεσις" or "énthesis," meaning “putting in," or "insertion." This refers to the role of the enthesis as the site of attachment of bones with tendons or ligaments. Relatedly, in muscle terminology , the insertion is the site of attachment at the end with predominant movement or action (opposite of

196-423: The variety of changes seen at these sites. However, research has shown that, whichever recording method is used, entheseal changes occur more frequently in older individuals. Research demonstrates that diseases, such as ankylosing spondylitis and calcific tendinitis , also have to be taken into consideration. Experimental studies have demonstrated how loading history (physical activity) can increase

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