The TUMO Center for Creative Technologies ( Armenian : Թումո ստեղծարար տեխնոլոգիաների կենտրոն ) is a free-of-charge education program for teenagers aged 12–18 specializing in technology and design, with education being provided at various TUMO centers and hubs.
149-988: The first TUMO center opened in Yerevan , Armenia in 2011. There are currently six TUMO centers in Armenia. These are located in Yerevan, Dilijan , Gyumri , Koghb, Kapan, Yeghegnadzor. Until 2023, there used to be one TUMO center in Artsakh in Stepanakert with six TUMO boxes operating in neighboring towns. Nine additional centers exist outside of Armenia in Paris , Beirut , Tirana , Berlin , Lyon , Kyiv , Mannheim , Coimbra , and Lisbon . Plans for new centers and TUMO Boxes both in Armenia and abroad ( Los Angeles , Takasaki , Buenos Aires , Amsterdam , and many other cities are currently under development). In 2021, TUMO announced
298-910: A Mongol protectorate as part of the Ilkhanate , and the Zakarids became vassals to the Mongols . After the fall of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century, the Zakarid princes ruled over Lori, Shirak and the Ararat Plain until 1360 when they fell to the invading Turkic tribes. During the last quarter of the 14th century, the Aq Qoyunlu Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribe took over Armenia, including Yerevan. In 1400, Timur invaded Armenia and Georgia, and captured more than 60,000 of
447-488: A Mongol protectorate as part of the Ilkhanate , and the Zakarids became vassals to the Mongols . After the fall of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century, the Zakarid princes ruled over Lori, Shirak and the Ararat Plain until 1360 when they fell to the invading Turkic tribes. During the last quarter of the 14th century, the Aq Qoyunlu Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribe took over Armenia, including Yerevan. In 1400, Timur invaded Armenia and Georgia, and captured more than 60,000 of
596-519: A TUMO branch to access TUMO's educational program. The TUMO Box is mobile and can easily be installed in any city or village, functioning as a self-learning center for local youth. Upon completing self-learning activities at their local TUMO Box, students will travel to the nearest TUMO branch for specialized workshops and project labs. The project has already opened its doors in Berd and in Gavar as part of
745-672: A brief Byzantine rule over Armenia between 1045 and 1064, the invading Seljuks —led by Tughril and later by his successor Alp Arslan —ruled over the entire region, including Yerevan. However, with the establishment of the Zakarid Principality of Armenia in 1201 under the Georgian protectorate, the Armenian territories of Yerevan and Lori had significantly grown. After the Mongols captured Ani in 1236, Armenia turned into
894-435: A brief Byzantine rule over Armenia between 1045 and 1064, the invading Seljuks —led by Tughril and later by his successor Alp Arslan —ruled over the entire region, including Yerevan. However, with the establishment of the Zakarid Principality of Armenia in 1201 under the Georgian protectorate, the Armenian territories of Yerevan and Lori had significantly grown. After the Mongols captured Ani in 1236, Armenia turned into
1043-527: A brief period of Ottoman rule over Eastern Armenia between 1724 and 1736, and as a result of the fall of the Safavid dynasty in 1736, Yerevan along with the adjacent territories became part of the newly formed administrative territory of Erivan Khanate under the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, which encompassed an area of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 square miles). The Afsharids controlled Eastern Armenia from
1192-417: A brief period of Ottoman rule over Eastern Armenia between 1724 and 1736, and as a result of the fall of the Safavid dynasty in 1736, Yerevan along with the adjacent territories became part of the newly formed administrative territory of Erivan Khanate under the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, which encompassed an area of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 square miles). The Afsharids controlled Eastern Armenia from
1341-631: A collaboration among TUMO, Amundi-ACBA, and the HAYG Foundation. Upon completing self-learning activities in the TUMO Box's, students can then travel to TUMO Dilijan for more hands-on, practical training. TUMO Boxes will initially provide education in technology and design to about 250 students a year. On December 20, 2021, a TUMO Box was opened in Vayk alongside two other boxes in Kapan and Sevan on
1490-544: A consequence, Yerevan significantly lost its Armenian population who had declined to 20%, while Muslims including Persians, Turks, Kurds and Tatars gained dominance with around 80% of the city's population. Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians mainly occupied the Kond neighbourhood of Yerevan and the rural suburbs around the city. However, the Armenians dominated over various professions and trade in
1639-436: A consequence, Yerevan significantly lost its Armenian population who had declined to 20%, while Muslims including Persians, Turks, Kurds and Tatars gained dominance with around 80% of the city's population. Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians mainly occupied the Kond neighbourhood of Yerevan and the rural suburbs around the city. However, the Armenians dominated over various professions and trade in
SECTION 10
#17327938236251788-551: A cooperative partnership with the Armenian General Benevolent Union . TUMO Stepanakert is one of three areas of cooperation between TUMO and AGBU . It is located on the first floor of a historic building in the city, donated to TUMO on behalf of the Republic of Artsakh and renovated with the help of Karabakh Telecom. More than 1,000 students from Stepanakert and surrounding areas currently attend
1937-622: A few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government. With the growth of the Armenian economy , Yerevan has undergone major transformation. Much construction has been done throughout the city since the early 2000s, and retail outlets such as restaurants, shops, and street cafés, which were rare during Soviet times, have multiplied. As of 2011 ,
2086-541: A fully royal capital." By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom , new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. The city was mostly depopulated by the Great Surgun of 1603–05, when the Safavid Empire forcibly deported hundreds of thousands of Armenians to Iran. In 1679, the city was mostly destroyed by an earthquake , and then rebuilt on a smaller scale. In 1828, Yerevan became part of
2235-466: A generous donation by Judy Saryan and Victor Zarougian. The TUMO box in Martakert , the first in Artsakh , marked the launch of TUMO's Artsakh expansion program. TUMO Stepanakert has welcomed approximately 4000 students and held over 300 workshops, 100 learning labs, and countless special projects with the support of AGBU since 2015. Students from Martakert participate in the self-learning portion of
2384-469: A hub for education, research, and startup industries. The center aspires to create an open platform while building a vibrant community, bringing together students, young professionals, and both local and international companies. Additional wings of the facility will provide space for School 42, a well-known computer programming school geared towards young professionals initially established in France. The center
2533-458: A master's degree is computing technology from Columbia University's Teachers College along with an additional degree in engineering and construction management (with Papazian assisting in the construction of several renowned high rise buildings in New York). Board of Directors TUMO offers extracurricular, innovative education programs in design and technology, providing teenagers with
2682-634: A new larger province; the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate . In 1850 the territory of the former oblast was reorganized into the Erivan Governorate , covering an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 square miles). Yerevan was the centre of the newly established governorate. At that period, Yerevan was a small town with narrow roads and alleys, including the central quarter of Shahar , the Ghantar commercial centre, and
2831-430: A new larger province; the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate . In 1850 the territory of the former oblast was reorganized into the Erivan Governorate , covering an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 square miles). Yerevan was the centre of the newly established governorate. At that period, Yerevan was a small town with narrow roads and alleys, including the central quarter of Shahar , the Ghantar commercial centre, and
2980-434: A part of their online portfolio, which can be used when applying for a university or a job. Selections of student work can be accessed at TUMO. TUMO's first center opened in Yerevan in 2011. The center's namesake is inspired by next-door Tumanyan Park , which bears the name of prominent Armenian author Hovhannes Tumanyan . TUMO Yerevan was designed by architect Bernard Khoury . Approximately 15,000 students actively attend
3129-411: A partnership with the local Koghb Foundation. The center will accommodate as many as 1,000 teenagers from Koghb and neighboring towns of Noyemberyan , Berdavan and beyond. The building, designed by architect Bernard Khoury , is equipped with high-tech workshop rooms, self-learning stations, a sound recording studio, a cinema, and a large sports facility. The town of Masis , to the south of Yerevan,
SECTION 20
#17327938236253278-826: A result of the Treaty of Zuhab in 1639, the Iranians reconfirmed their control over Eastern Armenia, including Yerevan. On 7 June 1679, a devastating earthquake razed the city to the ground. In 1724, the Erivan Fortress was besieged by the Ottoman army. After a period of resistance, the fortress fell to the Turks. As a result of the Ottoman invasion, the Erivan Province of the Safavids was dissolved. Following
3427-426: A result of the Treaty of Zuhab in 1639, the Iranians reconfirmed their control over Eastern Armenia, including Yerevan. On 7 June 1679, a devastating earthquake razed the city to the ground. In 1724, the Erivan Fortress was besieged by the Ottoman army. After a period of resistance, the fortress fell to the Turks. As a result of the Ottoman invasion, the Erivan Province of the Safavids was dissolved. Following
3576-583: A telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational. Yerevan served as the centre of the governorate until 1917, when Erivan governorate was dissolved with the collapse of the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan was a small city with a population of 30,000. In 1917, the Russian Empire ended with the October Revolution . In the aftermath, Armenian, Georgian and Muslim leaders of Transcaucasia united to form
3725-451: A telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational. Yerevan served as the centre of the governorate until 1917, when Erivan governorate was dissolved with the collapse of the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan was a small city with a population of 30,000. In 1917, the Russian Empire ended with the October Revolution . In the aftermath, Armenian, Georgian and Muslim leaders of Transcaucasia united to form
3874-499: A temporary location since 2015. The center's 2,000 students will soon move to the Gyumri Historical Theater Building, which TUMO has been restoring in order to accommodate a planned 4,000 students. The idea of TUMO Gyumri sprang from Shant TV , which kickstarted a fundraising drive to open the center. TUMO Gyumri is one of three TUMO centers (along with TUMO Dilijan and TUMO Stepanakert) to benefit from
4023-646: Is a mighty king, king of Biainili, and ruler of Tushpa."[ Van ]. During the height of the Urartian power, irrigation canals and artificial reservoirs were built in Erebuni and its surrounding territories. In the mid-7th century BC, the city of Teishebaini was built by Rusa II of Urartu, around 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) west of Erebuni Fortress. It was fortified on a hill -currently known as Karmir Blur within Shengavit District of Yerevan- to protect
4172-467: Is a mighty king, king of Biainili, and ruler of Tushpa."[ Van ]. During the height of the Urartian power, irrigation canals and artificial reservoirs were built in Erebuni and its surrounding territories. In the mid-7th century BC, the city of Teishebaini was built by Rusa II of Urartu, around 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) west of Erebuni Fortress. It was fortified on a hill -currently known as Karmir Blur within Shengavit District of Yerevan- to protect
4321-568: Is an Armenian-American engineer who reached great success in the 1990s with INET, a telecommunications company. TUMO's CEO Marie Lou Papazian developed TUMO's educational program and led efforts to design and construct the center's first facility in Yerevan. Prior to running TUMO, Papazian headed the Education for Development Foundation, which brought together students from Armenia and the Diaspora through online education programs. Papazian holds
4470-432: Is based on a self-learning platform where students complete practical projects and refine their skills. TUMO's annual summer camp has been taking place since 2012. The camp allows teenagers from all over the world to familiarize themselves with TUMO's curriculum while accelerating their knowledge and skill levels in several educational disciplines. Additionally, attendants participate in games and various events while gaining
4619-595: Is currently being designed by MVRDV , a Dutch architecture firm. TUMO Studios is a nonprofit educational program for university students and young professionals. TUMO Studios offers technical development and design training in ten distinct areas: jewelry, ceramics, embroidery, printing, fashion, accessories design, wood carving, stone masonry, production design, and cooking. The studios are located on 38 Pushkin Street in an early 20th-century building that used to house industrialist Arakel Afrikyan. The studios have preserved
Tumo Center for Creative Technologies - Misplaced Pages Continue
4768-676: Is derived from the Urartian military fortress of Erebuni , which was founded on the territory of modern-day Yerevan in 782 BC by Argishti I . "Erebuni" may derive from the Urartian word for "to take" or "to capture," meaning that the fortress's name could be interpreted as "capture," "conquest," or "victory." As elements of the Urartian language blended with that of the Armenian one, the name eventually evolved into Yerevan (Erebuni = Erevani = Erevan = Yerevan). Scholar Margarit Israelyan notes these changes when comparing inscriptions found on two cuneiform tablets at Erebuni: The transcription of
4917-408: Is likely that the city's name is derived from the Urartian military fortress of Erebuni , which was founded on the territory of modern-day Yerevan in 782 BC by Argishti I . "Erebuni" may derive from the Urartian word for "to take" or "to capture," meaning that the fortress's name could be interpreted as "capture," "conquest," or "victory." As elements of the Urartian language blended with that of
5066-538: Is published to the participant's portfolio and is sometimes submitted to competitions and festivals, or published online and in app stores. Project labs are offered on an ad hoc basis by top technology and design professionals from all over the world. Over 100 experts come to TUMO every year to lead advanced labs and work with TUMO students on real-world projects. Labs can last anywhere from a couple of weeks to several months. There are no diplomas or certificate of completion at TUMO. Instead, student work and projects become
5215-538: Is the capital and largest city of Armenia , as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities . Situated along the Hrazdan River , Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country, as its primate city . It has been the capital since 1918, the fourteenth in the history of Armenia and the seventh located in or around the Ararat Plain . The city also serves as
5364-476: Is the largest Armenian cathedral in the world. Tsitsernakaberd is the official memorial to the victims of the Armenian genocide. The city is home to several opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions. Yerevan Opera Theatre is the main spectacle hall of the Armenian capital, the National Gallery of Armenia is the largest art museum in Armenia and shares a building with
5513-704: Is the latest addition to the TUMO family. Thanks to a partnership with the Masis Development Foundation the center will accommodate up to 1,000 students, with room for expansion. A unique aspect of TUMO Masis is its francophone orientation: it will add French to TUMO's languages of instruction and will establish exchanges with instructors from France and other French-speaking countries. (Note: It hasn't been announced when it will open). A new TUMO in France: TUMO Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
5662-532: Is the second Center in France. It opened in January 2022 on the Campus Région du Numérique à Charbonnières. The center allows free education in 8 areas: programming, animation, video games, graphic design, cinema, robotics, music and 3D modelling for 12–18 year olds. Located in the 18th century Arsenal Factory , recently turned into a technology hub, TUMO Kyiv will enable Ukrainian teens to master skills at
5811-445: Is visible from any area in the capital. The seal of the city is a crowned lion on a pedestal with a shield that has a depiction of Mount Ararat on the upper part and half of an Armenian eternity sign on the bottom part. The emblem is a rectangular shield with a blue border. On 27 September 2004, Yerevan adopted an anthem, "Erebuni-Yerevan", using lyrics written by Paruyr Sevak and set to music composed by Edgar Hovhannisyan . It
5960-697: The Achaemenid Empire . Between 522 BC and 331 BC, Erebuni was one of the main centers of the Satrapy of Armenia , a region controlled by the Orontid dynasty as one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire. The Satrapy of Armenia was divided into two parts: the northern part and the southern part, with the cities of Erebuni (Yerevan) and Tushpa (Van) as their centres, respectively. Coins issued in 478 BC, along with many other items found in
6109-454: The Achaemenid Empire . Between 522 BC and 331 BC, Erebuni was one of the main centers of the Satrapy of Armenia , a region controlled by the Orontid dynasty as one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire. The Satrapy of Armenia was divided into two parts: the northern part and the southern part, with the cities of Erebuni (Yerevan) and Tushpa (Van) as their centres, respectively. Coins issued in 478 BC, along with many other items found in
Tumo Center for Creative Technologies - Misplaced Pages Continue
6258-702: The Erebuni Fortress , reveal the importance of Erebuni as a major centre for trade under Achaemenid rule. After Alexander the Great's victory over the Achaemenid Empire, the Orontid rulers of the Armenian satrapy achieved independence as a result of the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, founding the Kingdom of Armenia . With the establishment of new cities such as Armavir , Zarehavan, Bagaran and Yervandashat ,
6407-422: The Erebuni Fortress , reveal the importance of Erebuni as a major centre for trade under Achaemenid rule. After Alexander the Great's victory over the Achaemenid Empire, the Orontid rulers of the Armenian satrapy achieved independence as a result of the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, founding the Kingdom of Armenia . With the establishment of new cities such as Armavir , Zarehavan, Bagaran and Yervandashat ,
6556-540: The Erivan Fortress on the ruins of one thousand-years old ancient Armenian fortress, on the shores of Hrazdan river. However, Ottoman control ended in 1604 when the Persians regained Yerevan as a result of first Ottoman-Safavid War . Shah Abbas I of Persia who ruled between 1588 and 1629, ordered the deportation of hundreds of thousands of Armenians including citizens from Yerevan to mainland Persia . As
6705-420: The Erivan Fortress on the ruins of one thousand-years old ancient Armenian fortress, on the shores of Hrazdan river. However, Ottoman control ended in 1604 when the Persians regained Yerevan as a result of first Ottoman-Safavid War . Shah Abbas I of Persia who ruled between 1588 and 1629, ordered the deportation of hundreds of thousands of Armenians including citizens from Yerevan to mainland Persia . As
6854-538: The History Museum of Armenia , and the Matenadaran contains one of the largest depositories of ancient books and manuscripts in the world. The exact origin of the name is unknown. One theory regarding the origin of Yerevan's name is the city was named after the Armenian king, Yervand (Orontes) IV , the last ruler of Armenia from the Orontid dynasty , and founder of the city of Yervandashat . However, it
7003-567: The Hrazdan River , Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country, as its primate city . It has been the capital since 1918, the fourteenth in the history of Armenia and the seventh located in or around the Ararat Plain . The city also serves as the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese , which is the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of
7152-410: The Matenadaran contains one of the largest depositories of ancient books and manuscripts in the world. The exact origin of the name is unknown. One theory regarding the origin of Yerevan's name is the city was named after the Armenian king, Yervand (Orontes) IV , the last ruler of Armenia from the Orontid dynasty , and founder of the city of Yervandashat . However, it is likely that the city's name
7301-779: The Middle East . It is located in the Beirut Digital District . The center unofficially opened in 2018. TUMO Tirana is the fourth addition to the TUMO family and it opened its doors in October 2020. It was temporarily located in the Arena Business Center located in Albania 's biggest stadium . After its reconstruction, in 2023, the center relocated to the Pyramid of Tirana . The Soviet-era landmark
7450-725: The Muslim conquest of Persia , as it was part of Persian-ruled Armenia. The city became part of the Emirate of Armenia under the Umayyad Caliphate . The city of Dvin was the centre of the newly created emirate. Starting from this period, as a result of the developing trade activities with the Arabs, the Armenian territories had gained strategic importance as a crossroads for the Arab caravan routes passing between Europe and India through
7599-449: The Muslim conquest of Persia , as it was part of Persian-ruled Armenia. The city became part of the Emirate of Armenia under the Umayyad Caliphate . The city of Dvin was the centre of the newly created emirate. Starting from this period, as a result of the developing trade activities with the Arabs, the Armenian territories had gained strategic importance as a crossroads for the Arab caravan routes passing between Europe and India through
SECTION 50
#17327938236257748-602: The Russian Empire , which led to the repatriation of Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated in the 17th century. After World War I , Yerevan became the capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire arrived in the area. The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century while Armenia was a part of the Soviet Union . In
7897-766: The Santander Foundation and the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian . In June 2021, Adrin Nazarian announced $ 9 million in state funding to establish a TUMO location in the southeast San Fernando Valley . Serj Tankian , a member of TUMO's Advisory Board, has stated that the Los Angeles center will be located in North Hollywood . He has emphasized "the fact that it's in L.A., we can get actors, we can get filmmakers. I think
8046-783: The Sasanian Empire . Due to the diminished role of Erebuni, as well as the absence of proper historical data, much of the city's history under the Sasanian rule is unknown. In 587, during the reign of emperor Maurice , Yerevan and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the battle of the Blarathon . Soon after, Katoghike Tsiranavor Church in Avan
8195-428: The Sasanian Empire . Due to the diminished role of Erebuni, as well as the absence of proper historical data, much of the city's history under the Sasanian rule is unknown. In 587, during the reign of emperor Maurice , Yerevan and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the battle of the Blarathon . Soon after, Katoghike Tsiranavor Church in Avan
8344-404: The Timurids , invited further destruction in Armenia, as many more Armenians were taken captive and sold into slavery and the land was subjected to outright pillaging, forcing many of them to leave the region. Following the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, the seat of the Armenian Church was transferred from Sis back to Vagharshapat near Yerevan in 1441. Thus, Yerevan became
8493-404: The Timurids , invited further destruction in Armenia, as many more Armenians were taken captive and sold into slavery and the land was subjected to outright pillaging, forcing many of them to leave the region. Following the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, the seat of the Armenian Church was transferred from Sis back to Vagharshapat near Yerevan in 1441. Thus, Yerevan became
8642-444: The Transcaucasian Federation and proclaimed Transcaucasia 's secession . Yerevan Yerevan ( UK : / ˌ j ɛr ə ˈ v æ n / YERR -ə- VAN , US : /- ˈ v ɑː n / , - VAHN ; Armenian : Երևան [jɛɾɛˈvɑn] ; sometimes spelled Erevan ) is the capital and largest city of Armenia , as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities . Situated along
8791-426: The World Congress on Information Technology conference in Hyderabad , India , TUMO received the "Implementation of the Digital Century" award. In 2019, TUMO announced plans for TUMO Box, a mobile, technically equipped mini-center. Boxes can be installed in any city or village and serve as self-study areas for local youth. TUMO Boxes are open in Gavar , Berd , Vayk , Sevan , Kapan , and Martakert . Plans are in
8940-421: The 2nd half of the 4th millennium BC . The southern part of the city currently known as Shengavit has been populated since at least 3200 BC, during the period of Kura–Araxes culture of the early Bronze Age . The first excavations at the Shengavit historical site was conducted between 1936 and 1938 under the guidance of archaeologist Yevgeny Bayburdyan. After two decades, archaeologist Sandro Sardarian resumed
9089-421: The 2nd half of the 4th millennium BC . The southern part of the city currently known as Shengavit has been populated since at least 3200 BC, during the period of Kura–Araxes culture of the early Bronze Age . The first excavations at the Shengavit historical site was conducted between 1936 and 1938 under the guidance of archaeologist Yevgeny Bayburdyan. After two decades, archaeologist Sandro Sardarian resumed
SECTION 60
#17327938236259238-405: The 60 million dollar TUMO Armenia campaign to bring 16 TUMO Hubs and 110 TUMO Boxes to Armenia. In 2017, TUMO Studios, a non-profit outfit that provides a creative space for several different types of artistic design, from pottery, jewelry-making, and fashion to cooking and embroidery, was launched. TUMO Studios is geared towards young professionals from the ages of 16–28. On February 19, 2018, at
9387-420: The Arab-controlled Ararat Plain of Armenia. Most probably, "Erebuni" has become known as "Yerevan" since at least the 7th century AD. After two centuries of Islamic rule over Armenia, the Bagratid prince Ashot I of Armenia led the revolution against the Abbasid Caliphate . Ashot I liberated Yerevan in 850, and was recognized as the Prince of Princes of Armenia by the Abbasid Caliph al-Musta'in in 862. Ashot
9536-420: The Arab-controlled Ararat Plain of Armenia. Most probably, "Erebuni" has become known as "Yerevan" since at least the 7th century AD. After two centuries of Islamic rule over Armenia, the Bagratid prince Ashot I of Armenia led the revolution against the Abbasid Caliphate . Ashot I liberated Yerevan in 850, and was recognized as the Prince of Princes of Armenia by the Abbasid Caliph al-Musta'in in 862. Ashot
9685-449: The Armenian one, the name eventually evolved into Yerevan (Erebuni = Erevani = Erevan = Yerevan). Scholar Margarit Israelyan notes these changes when comparing inscriptions found on two cuneiform tablets at Erebuni: The transcription of the second cuneiform bu [original emphasis] of the word was very essential in our interpretation as it is the Urartaean b that has been shifted to the Armenian v (b > v). The original writing of
9834-414: The Great . Thus, with the dominance of cities such as Artaxata and Tigranocerta , Erebuni significantly lost its importance as a central city. Under the rule of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia (54–428 AD), many other cities around Erebuni including Vagharshapat and Dvin flourished. Consequently, Erebuni was completely neutralized, losing its role as an economic and strategic centre of Armenia. During
9983-414: The Great . Thus, with the dominance of cities such as Artaxata and Tigranocerta , Erebuni significantly lost its importance as a central city. Under the rule of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia (54–428 AD), many other cities around Erebuni including Vagharshapat and Dvin flourished. Consequently, Erebuni was completely neutralized, losing its role as an economic and strategic centre of Armenia. During
10132-578: The Illuminator was opened in 1900. Electricity and telephone lines were introduced to the city in 1907 and 1913 respectively. When British traveller H. F. B. Lynch visited Yerevan in 1893–1894, he considered it an Oriental city. However, this started to change in the first decade of the 20th century, in the penultimate decade of Imperial Russian rule, when the city grew and altered dramatically. In general, Yerevan rapidly grew under Russian rule, both economically and politically. Old buildings were torn down and new buildings of European style were erected. At
10281-578: The Illuminator was opened in 1900. Electricity and telephone lines were introduced to the city in 1907 and 1913 respectively. When British traveller H. F. B. Lynch visited Yerevan in 1893–1894, he considered it an Oriental city. However, this started to change in the first decade of the 20th century, in the penultimate decade of Imperial Russian rule, when the city grew and altered dramatically. In general, Yerevan rapidly grew under Russian rule, both economically and politically. Old buildings were torn down and new buildings of European style were erected. At
10430-484: The Iranian rule. Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was initially often fought over, and passed back and forth, between the dominion of the rivaling Iranian and Ottoman Empire , until it permanently became controlled by the Safavids . In 1555, Iran had secured its legitimate possession over Yerevan with the Ottomans through the Treaty of Amasya . In 1582–1583, the Ottomans led by Serdar Ferhad Pasha took brief control over Yerevan. Ferhad Pasha managed to build
10579-484: The Iranian rule. Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was initially often fought over, and passed back and forth, between the dominion of the rivaling Iranian and Ottoman Empire , until it permanently became controlled by the Safavids . In 1555, Iran had secured its legitimate possession over Yerevan with the Ottomans through the Treaty of Amasya . In 1582–1583, the Ottomans led by Serdar Ferhad Pasha took brief control over Yerevan. Ferhad Pasha managed to build
10728-399: The age of 18 can participate in the program designed specifically for TUMO Labs. The TUMO Labs education program is based on the just-in-time methodology so that the TUMO projects and guided self-learning content corresponds to the constantly evolving tech and science industries. TUMO Labs also includes 42 Yerevan, the Armenian branch of the 42 network of programming schools. 42's curriculum
10877-526: The area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration. During the second Ottoman-Safavid War , Ottoman troops under the command of Sultan Murad IV conquered the city on 8 August 1635. Returning in triumph to Constantinople , he opened the "Yerevan Kiosk" ( Revan Köşkü ) in Topkapı Palace in 1636. However, Iranian troops commanded by Shah Safi retook Yerevan on 1 April 1636. As
11026-415: The area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration. During the second Ottoman-Safavid War , Ottoman troops under the command of Sultan Murad IV conquered the city on 8 August 1635. Returning in triumph to Constantinople , he opened the "Yerevan Kiosk" ( Revan Köşkü ) in Topkapı Palace in 1636. However, Iranian troops commanded by Shah Safi retook Yerevan on 1 April 1636. As
11175-446: The areas of conservation, research and dedicated service. The TUMO Center for Creative Technologies was founded in Yerevan , Armenia in 2011, with the first center opening on August 14. Serj Tankian of System of a Down performed a solo concert at the center's opening ceremony. TUMO is a non-profit venture founded by Sam and Sylva Simonian, with funding fully provided through the pair's Simonian Educational Foundation. Sam Simonian
11324-400: The beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan city's population was over 29,000. In 1902, a railway line linked Yerevan with Alexandropol , Tiflis and Julfa . In the same year, Yerevan's first public library was opened. In 1905, the grandnephew of Napoleon I ; prince Louis Joseph Jérôme Napoléon (1864–1932) was appointed as governor of Yerevan province. In 1913, for the first time in the city,
11473-400: The beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan city's population was over 29,000. In 1902, a railway line linked Yerevan with Alexandropol , Tiflis and Julfa . In the same year, Yerevan's first public library was opened. In 1905, the grandnephew of Napoleon I ; prince Louis Joseph Jérôme Napoléon (1864–1932) was appointed as governor of Yerevan province. In 1913, for the first time in the city,
11622-675: The building's interior, with the interior's wall design and furniture dating back to turn of the century Yerevan . The John and Hasmik Mgrdichian Foundation (JHM) has been a sponsor of TUMO Studios since its inception in 2017. It has worked closely with the TUMO Studios team to build a strong foundation in contemporary Armenian design. TUMO Labs represents the educational direction of the EU TUMO Convergence Center. This tuition-free applied science and engineering hub connects higher education with industry. Anyone over
11771-426: The capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire arrived in the area. The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century while Armenia was a part of the Soviet Union . In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming
11920-631: The center. TUMO's second center in Dilijan opened in 2012 under a cooperative agreement between TUMO and the Armenian General Benevolent Union , with additional support from the Central Bank of Armenia . TUMO Dilijan provides supplemental education to hundreds of young students, some of whom travel from remote villages to attend the center. Currently, the center is expanding in order to provide TUMO's educational program to even more teenagers from surrounding villages. TUMO Gyumri has been operating in
12069-467: The center. Because of high demand, the center will soon expand to the second floor of the same building. The first TUMO International Center opened in Paris in October 2018. It is located in the center of Forum des Images in Les Halles . The center provides free supplemental education to about 1,500 12–18 year olds. TUMO Beirut is the second TUMO center operating outside of Armenia and the first in
12218-410: The centre of the newly formed Chukhur Saad administrative territory. The territory was named after a Turkic leader known as Emir Saad . However, this peaceful period was shattered with the rise of Qara Iskander between 1420 and 1436, who reportedly made Armenia a "desert" and subjected it to "devastation and plunder, to slaughter, and captivity". The wars of Iskander and his eventual defeat against
12367-410: The centre of the newly formed Chukhur Saad administrative territory. The territory was named after a Turkic leader known as Emir Saad . However, this peaceful period was shattered with the rise of Qara Iskander between 1420 and 1436, who reportedly made Armenia a "desert" and subjected it to "devastation and plunder, to slaughter, and captivity". The wars of Iskander and his eventual defeat against
12516-465: The city was known in Persian as Iravân ( Persian : ایروان ). The city was officially known as Erivan ( Russian : Эривань ) under Russian rule during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The city was renamed back to Yerevan (Ереван) in 1936. Up until the mid-1970s the city's name was spelled Erevan more often than Yerevan in English sources. The principal symbol of Yerevan is Mount Ararat, which
12665-422: The country and bring young Portuguese closer to various creative and digital skills. More than 1,000 young people are expected to attend in the first year at TUMO Coimbra. The project is being realised through the initiative of sponsors such as Critical Software , Paulo Marques and Pedro Bizarro (founders of Feedzai ), Licor Beirão , Oxy Capital , Coimbra City Council, Altice Portugal , La Caixa Foundation,
12814-401: The creative side, especially the entertainment creative side of the TUMO L.A, is gonna have a VIP list. I'm gonna get hassled to hassle people basically, for the next couple of years. The TUMO Box project was announced in 2019. TUMO Boxes will function as satellite TUMO centers wirelessly connected to larger TUMO centers. This project will allow rural Armenian youth outside of close proximity to
12963-402: The eastern borders of Urartu from the barbaric Cimmerians and Scythians . During excavations, the remains of a governors palace that contained a hundred and twenty rooms spreading across more than 40,000 m (10 acres) was found, along with a citadel dedicated to the Urartian god Teisheba . The construction of the city of Teishebaini, as well as the palace and the citadel was completed by
13112-402: The eastern borders of Urartu from the barbaric Cimmerians and Scythians . During excavations, the remains of a governors palace that contained a hundred and twenty rooms spreading across more than 40,000 m (10 acres) was found, along with a citadel dedicated to the Urartian god Teisheba . The construction of the city of Teishebaini, as well as the palace and the citadel was completed by
13261-797: The end of the 7th century BC, during the reign of Rusa III . However, Teishebaini was destroyed by an alliance of Medes and the Scythians in 585 BC. In 590 BC, following the fall of the Kingdom of Urartu at the hands of the Iranian Medes , Erebuni along with the Armenian Highlands became part of the Median Empire. However, in 550 BC, the Median Empire was conquered by Cyrus the Great , and Erebuni became part of
13410-429: The end of the 7th century BC, during the reign of Rusa III . However, Teishebaini was destroyed by an alliance of Medes and the Scythians in 585 BC. In 590 BC, following the fall of the Kingdom of Urartu at the hands of the Iranian Medes , Erebuni along with the Armenian Highlands became part of the Median Empire. However, in 550 BC, the Median Empire was conquered by Cyrus the Great , and Erebuni became part of
13559-468: The excavations starting from 1958 until 1983. The 3rd phase of the excavations started in 2000, under the guidance of archaeologist Hakob Simonyan. In 2009, Simonyan was joined by Mitchell S. Rothman from the Widener University of Pennsylvania . Together they conducted three series of excavations in 2009, 2010, and 2012 respectively. During the process, a full stratigraphic column to bedrock
13708-400: The excavations starting from 1958 until 1983. The 3rd phase of the excavations started in 2000, under the guidance of archaeologist Hakob Simonyan. In 2009, Simonyan was joined by Mitchell S. Rothman from the Widener University of Pennsylvania . Together they conducted three series of excavations in 2009, 2010, and 2012 respectively. During the process, a full stratigraphic column to bedrock
13857-542: The first theatre opened its doors in 1879. On 1 October 1879, Yerevan was granted the status of a city through a decree issued by Alexander II of Russia . In 1881, The Yerevan Teachers' Seminary and the Yerevan Brewery were opened, followed by the Tairyan's wine and brandy factory in 1887. Other factories for alcoholic beverages and mineral water were opened during the 1890s. The monumental church of Saint Gregory
14006-422: The first theatre opened its doors in 1879. On 1 October 1879, Yerevan was granted the status of a city through a decree issued by Alexander II of Russia . In 1881, The Yerevan Teachers' Seminary and the Yerevan Brewery were opened, followed by the Tairyan's wine and brandy factory in 1887. Other factories for alcoholic beverages and mineral water were opened during the 1890s. The monumental church of Saint Gregory
14155-516: The gap between higher education and industry in Armenia. The center's flagship project, TUMO Labs, was launched in 2020 and includes a guided self-learning program, projects-based learning program, incubation program, and the Armenian branch of the French 42 school, 42 Yerevan. TUMO received the 2019 Europe Nostra Award in Education, Training and Outreach. The award is routinely given to organizations and individuals who make significant contributions in
14304-502: The importance of Erebuni gradually declined. With the rise of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia who seized power in 189 BC, the Kingdom of Armenia greatly expanded to include major territories of Asia Minor , Atropatene , Iberia , Phoenicia and Syria . The Artaxiads considered Erebuni and Tushpa as cities of Persian heritage. Consequently, new cities and commercial centres were built by Kings Artaxias I , Artavasdes I and Tigranes
14453-447: The importance of Erebuni gradually declined. With the rise of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia who seized power in 189 BC, the Kingdom of Armenia greatly expanded to include major territories of Asia Minor , Atropatene , Iberia , Phoenicia and Syria . The Artaxiads considered Erebuni and Tushpa as cities of Persian heritage. Consequently, new cities and commercial centres were built by Kings Artaxias I , Artavasdes I and Tigranes
14602-506: The inscription read «er-bu-ni»; therefore the prominent Armenianologist- orientalist Prof. G. A. Ghapantsian justly objected, remarking that the Urartu b changed to v at the beginning of the word (Biani > Van) or between two vowels (ebani > avan, Zabaha > Javakhk )....In other words b was placed between two vowels. The true pronunciation of the fortress-city was apparently Erebuny . Early Christian Armenian chroniclers connected
14751-645: The intersection of tech and design, including computer programming, animation, robotics, graphic design and more. TUMO Coimbra is the first to open in Portugal , in September 2023, with new locations already planned in Lisbon , Porto and Braga after Coimbra . The building is located in the old post office, next to the city market and the town hall. The first centre is part of a nationwide expansion, led by Pedro Santa Clara , that aims to disrupt formal education in
14900-627: The main economic, cultural and administrative centre in Armenia. In 1501–02, most of the Eastern Armenian territories including Yerevan were swiftly conquered by the emerging Safavid dynasty of Iran led by Shah Ismail I . Soon after in 1502, Yerevan became the centre of the Erivan Province , a new administrative territory of Iran formed by the Safavids. For the following 3 centuries, it remained, with brief intermissions, under
15049-441: The main economic, cultural and administrative centre in Armenia. In 1501–02, most of the Eastern Armenian territories including Yerevan were swiftly conquered by the emerging Safavid dynasty of Iran led by Shah Ismail I . Soon after in 1502, Yerevan became the centre of the Erivan Province , a new administrative territory of Iran formed by the Safavids. For the following 3 centuries, it remained, with brief intermissions, under
15198-706: The mid-1730s until the 1790s. Following the fall of the Afsharids, the Qajar dynasty of Iran took control of Eastern Armenia until 1828, when the region was conquered by the Russian Empire after their victory over the Qajars that resulted in the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828. During the second Russo-Persian War of the 19th century, the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 , Yerevan was captured by Russian troops under general Ivan Paskevich on 1 October 1827. It
15347-478: The mid-1730s until the 1790s. Following the fall of the Afsharids, the Qajar dynasty of Iran took control of Eastern Armenia until 1828, when the region was conquered by the Russian Empire after their victory over the Qajars that resulted in the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828. During the second Russo-Persian War of the 19th century, the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 , Yerevan was captured by Russian troops under general Ivan Paskevich on 1 October 1827. It
15496-410: The name Yerevan. In the late medieval and early modern periods, when Yerevan was under Turkic and later Persian rule, the city was known in Persian as Iravân ( Persian : ایروان ). The city was officially known as Erivan ( Russian : Эривань ) under Russian rule during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The city was renamed back to Yerevan (Ереван) in 1936. Up until the mid-1970s the city's name
15645-657: The next level. TUMO's curriculum consists of self-learning exercises, workshops and learning labs in 14 learning targets, including: Self-learning activities are short, interactive exercises designed to inspire and develop skills. TUMO coaches help with activities by getting learners unstuck and providing advice and encouragement. Students have hundreds of different activities to choose from, most of which are prerequisites for future workshops in each learning target. Workshops are led by specialists across TUMO's 14 learning targets. They range in difficulty from beginning to advanced and culminate in individual or team projects. Each project
15794-480: The north Caucasus . The cuneiform inscription found at Erebuni Fortress reads: By the greatness of the God Khaldi , Argishti, son of Menua , built this mighty stronghold and proclaimed it Erebuni for the glory of Biainili [Urartu] and to instill fear among the king's enemies. Argishti says, "The land was a desert, before the great works I accomplished upon it. By the greatness of Khaldi, Argishti, son of Menua,
15943-421: The north Caucasus . The cuneiform inscription found at Erebuni Fortress reads: By the greatness of the God Khaldi , Argishti, son of Menua , built this mighty stronghold and proclaimed it Erebuni for the glory of Biainili [Urartu] and to instill fear among the king's enemies. Argishti says, "The land was a desert, before the great works I accomplished upon it. By the greatness of Khaldi, Argishti, son of Menua,
16092-444: The oldest dioceses in the world. The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by King Argishti I of Urartu at the western extreme of the Ararat Plain. Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital." By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom , new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. The city
16241-641: The opportunity to study at the fifth international TUMO Center, that offers 10 learning targets. The official opening of TUMO Berlin took place in August 2021. The second German TUMO Center, TUMO Mannheim, opened in Mannheim in September 2024. It is located in the historic Lindenhof district It capacity is planned for over 1,000 students. In 2024 it enrolled with 200 students. TUMO Mannheim offers 8 learning targets. A new TUMO center in Armenia's north-eastern border village of Koghb opened its doors in 2021 thanks to
16390-638: The opportunity to tour Armenia's many historical-cultural sites. Camp TUMO is the center's only source of funds. All proceeds from the camp are directed towards the development of education in Armenia and the provision of tuition-free access to TUMO centers for more than 10,000 permanent students in Armenia and Artsakh : www.camptumo.com Yerevan Yerevan ( UK : / ˌ j ɛr ə ˈ v æ n / YERR -ə- VAN , US : /- ˈ v ɑː n / , - VAHN ; Armenian : Երևան [jɛɾɛˈvɑn] ; sometimes spelled Erevan )
16539-402: The origin of the city's name to the legend of Noah's Ark . After the ark had landed on Mount Ararat and the flood waters had receded, Noah , while looking in the direction of Yerevan, is said to have exclaimed "Yerevats!" ("it appeared!" in Armenian ), from which originated the name Yerevan. In the late medieval and early modern periods, when Yerevan was under Turkic and later Persian rule,
16688-536: The period of the Arsacid kings, Erebuni was only recorded in a Manichaean text of the 3rd century, where it is mentioned that one of the disciples of the prophet Mani founded a Manichaean community near the Christian community in Erebuni. According to the medieval Armenian geography Ashkharhatsuyts , Erebuni was part of the canton ( gawaṙ ) of Kotayk (not to be confused with the current Kotayk Province) of
16837-424: The period of the Arsacid kings, Erebuni was only recorded in a Manichaean text of the 3rd century, where it is mentioned that one of the disciples of the prophet Mani founded a Manichaean community near the Christian community in Erebuni. According to the medieval Armenian geography Ashkharhatsuyts , Erebuni was part of the canton ( gawaṙ ) of Kotayk (not to be confused with the current Kotayk Province) of
16986-479: The population further increased to 1,086,677. Yerevan was named the 2012 World Book Capital by UNESCO . Yerevan is an associate member of Eurocities . Of the notable landmarks of Yerevan, Erebuni Fortress is considered to be the birthplace of the city, the Katoghike Tsiranavor church is the oldest surviving church of Yerevan, and Saint Gregory Cathedral is the largest Armenian cathedral in
17135-465: The population of Yerevan was 1,060,138, just over 35% of Armenia's total population. By 2022, the population further increased to 1,086,677. Yerevan was named the 2012 World Book Capital by UNESCO . Yerevan is an associate member of Eurocities . Of the notable landmarks of Yerevan, Erebuni Fortress is considered to be the birthplace of the city, the Katoghike Tsiranavor church is the oldest surviving church of Yerevan, and Saint Gregory Cathedral
17284-545: The program at the box, and commute to TUMO Stepanakert for workshops and learning labs, using a specially organized transportation system. The EU TUMO Convergence Center for Engineering and Applied Sciences launched in 2019. The center is currently being implemented as part of a partnership with the European Union . It will be located adjacent to TUMO Yerevan and will cover approximately 25,000 square meters. The center, which cost roughly 25 million euros, will function as
17433-550: The province of Ayrarat , within Armenia Major. Armenia became a Christian nation in the early 4th century AD, during the reign of the Arsacid king Tiridates III . Following the partition of Armenia by the Byzantine and Sasanian empires in 387 and in 428, Erebuni and the entire territory of Eastern Armenia came under the rule of Sasanian Persia. The Armenian territories formed the province of Persian Armenia within
17582-431: The province of Ayrarat , within Armenia Major. Armenia became a Christian nation in the early 4th century AD, during the reign of the Arsacid king Tiridates III . Following the partition of Armenia by the Byzantine and Sasanian empires in 387 and in 428, Erebuni and the entire territory of Eastern Armenia came under the rule of Sasanian Persia. The Armenian territories formed the province of Persian Armenia within
17731-569: The residential neighbourhoods of Kond, Dzoragyugh, Nork and Shentagh. During the 1840s and the 1850s, many schools were opened in the city. However, the first major plan of Yerevan was adopted in 1856, during which, Saint Hripsime and Saint Gayane women's colleges were founded and the English Park was opened. In 1863, the Astafyan Street was redeveloped and opened. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house, while
17880-445: The residential neighbourhoods of Kond, Dzoragyugh, Nork and Shentagh. During the 1840s and the 1850s, many schools were opened in the city. However, the first major plan of Yerevan was adopted in 1856, during which, Saint Hripsime and Saint Gayane women's colleges were founded and the English Park was opened. In 1863, the Astafyan Street was redeveloped and opened. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house, while
18029-554: The same day. This box is supported by Dr. Armineh and Dr. Ara Tavitian. The box in Sevan was opened on December 20, 2021, with the support of an anonymous donor. The box in Kapan is supported by Lara Arslanian, Garabed Bardakjian and Sarine Semerjian. The box will remain in place for one year, after which it will be replaced by the full-featured TUMO Kapan center inside the city's historic train station, currently being renovated thanks to
18178-423: The seat of national government. With the growth of the Armenian economy , Yerevan has undergone major transformation. Much construction has been done throughout the city since the early 2000s, and retail outlets such as restaurants, shops, and street cafés, which were rare during Soviet times, have multiplied. As of 2011 , the population of Yerevan was 1,060,138, just over 35% of Armenia's total population. By 2022,
18327-421: The seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese , which is the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world. The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by King Argishti I of Urartu at the western extreme of the Ararat Plain. Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and religious centre,
18476-565: The second cuneiform bu [original emphasis] of the word was very essential in our interpretation as it is the Urartaean b that has been shifted to the Armenian v (b > v). The original writing of the inscription read «er-bu-ni»; therefore the prominent Armenianologist- orientalist Prof. G. A. Ghapantsian justly objected, remarking that the Urartu b changed to v at the beginning of the word (Biani > Van) or between two vowels (ebani > avan, Zabaha > Javakhk )....In other words b
18625-459: The space and equipment to advance their education while developing technical skills. One unique aspect of TUMO's education model concerns the TUMO Path, a software program developed in-house that places beginning students on a learning plan based on the students' expressed areas of interest, showing the students' rate of progress and letting them know which tasks they need to complete to move on to
18774-579: The survived local people as slaves. Many districts including Yerevan were depopulated. In 1410, Armenia fell under the control of the Kara Koyunlu Shia Oghuz Turkic tribe. According to the Armenian historian Thomas of Metsoph , although the Kara Koyunlu levied heavy taxes against the Armenians, the early years of their rule were relatively peaceful and some reconstruction of towns took place. The Kara Koyunlus made Yerevan
18923-434: The survived local people as slaves. Many districts including Yerevan were depopulated. In 1410, Armenia fell under the control of the Kara Koyunlu Shia Oghuz Turkic tribe. According to the Armenian historian Thomas of Metsoph , although the Kara Koyunlu levied heavy taxes against the Armenians, the early years of their rule were relatively peaceful and some reconstruction of towns took place. The Kara Koyunlus made Yerevan
19072-532: The works for TUMO Box programs in other towns and villages. 2019 also saw the launch of the EU TUMO Convergence Center for Engineering and Applied Sciences. The center will be located adjacent to TUMO's Yerevan campus on a 25,000 square meter space, serving as a hub for research, education, and startups. The EU TUMO Convergence Center will be a hub for research, education, and startups geared towards university students and young professionals. The center will bring together partners, both local and international, to bridge
19221-410: The world. Tsitsernakaberd is the official memorial to the victims of the Armenian genocide. The city is home to several opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions. Yerevan Opera Theatre is the main spectacle hall of the Armenian capital, the National Gallery of Armenia is the largest art museum in Armenia and shares a building with the History Museum of Armenia , and
19370-466: Was built between 595 and 602. Despite being partly damaged during the 1679 earthquake ), it is the oldest surviving church within modern Yerevan city limits. The province of Persian Armenia (also known as Persarmenia) lasted until 646, when the province was dissolved with the Muslim conquest of Persia . In 658 AD, at the height of the Arab Islamic invasions, Erebuni-Yerevan was conquered during
19519-405: Was built between 595 and 602. Despite being partly damaged during the 1679 earthquake ), it is the oldest surviving church within modern Yerevan city limits. The province of Persian Armenia (also known as Persarmenia) lasted until 646, when the province was dissolved with the Muslim conquest of Persia . In 658 AD, at the height of the Arab Islamic invasions, Erebuni-Yerevan was conquered during
19668-515: Was formally ceded by the Iranians in 1828, following the Treaty of Turkmenchay . After 3 centuries of Iranian occupation, Yereven along with the rest of Eastern Armenia designated as the " Armenian Oblast ", became part of the Russian Empire , a period that would last until the collapse of the Empire in 1917. Although not mentioned specifically by name, article XV of the Turkmenchay treaty
19817-402: Was formally ceded by the Iranians in 1828, following the Treaty of Turkmenchay . After 3 centuries of Iranian occupation, Yereven along with the rest of Eastern Armenia designated as the " Armenian Oblast ", became part of the Russian Empire , a period that would last until the collapse of the Empire in 1917. Although not mentioned specifically by name, article XV of the Turkmenchay treaty
19966-491: Was formed in the 9th century BC by King Arame in the basin of Lake Van of the Armenian Highland , including the territory of modern-day Yerevan. Archaeological evidence, such as a cuneiform inscription, indicates that the Urartian military fortress of Erebuni was founded in 782 BC by the orders of King Argishti I at the site of modern-day Yerevan, to serve as a fort and citadel guarding against attacks from
20115-424: Was formed in the 9th century BC by King Arame in the basin of Lake Van of the Armenian Highland , including the territory of modern-day Yerevan. Archaeological evidence, such as a cuneiform inscription, indicates that the Urartian military fortress of Erebuni was founded in 782 BC by the orders of King Argishti I at the site of modern-day Yerevan, to serve as a fort and citadel guarding against attacks from
20264-434: Was intended solely for the repatriation of those Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated to Iran in the early 17th century during the Safavid period. The Russians sponsored the resettlement process of the Armenian population from Persia and Turkey and spread announcements in Armenian villages. Due to the resettlement, the percentage of the Armenian population of Yerevan increased from 28% to 53.8%. The resettlement
20413-434: Was intended solely for the repatriation of those Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated to Iran in the early 17th century during the Safavid period. The Russians sponsored the resettlement process of the Armenian population from Persia and Turkey and spread announcements in Armenian villages. Due to the resettlement, the percentage of the Armenian population of Yerevan increased from 28% to 53.8%. The resettlement
20562-550: Was intended to create Russian power bridgehead in the Middle East. In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built. Yerevan served as the seat of the newly formed Armenian Oblast between 1828 and 1840. By the time of Nicholas I 's visit in 1837, Yerevan had become an uezd ("county"). In 1840, the Armenian Oblast was dissolved and its territory incorporated into
20711-425: Was intended to create Russian power bridgehead in the Middle East. In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built. Yerevan served as the seat of the newly formed Armenian Oblast between 1828 and 1840. By the time of Nicholas I 's visit in 1837, Yerevan had become an uezd ("county"). In 1840, the Armenian Oblast was dissolved and its territory incorporated into
20860-602: Was later crowned King of Armenia through the consent of Caliph al-Mu'tamid in 885. During the rule of the Bagratuni dynasty of Armenia between 885 and 1045, Yerevan was relatively a secure part of the Kingdom before falling to the Byzantines . However, Yerevan did not have any strategic role during the reign of the Bagratids, who developed many other cities of Ayrarat , such as Shirakavan , Dvin , and Ani . After
21009-430: Was later crowned King of Armenia through the consent of Caliph al-Mu'tamid in 885. During the rule of the Bagratuni dynasty of Armenia between 885 and 1045, Yerevan was relatively a secure part of the Kingdom before falling to the Byzantines . However, Yerevan did not have any strategic role during the reign of the Bagratids, who developed many other cities of Ayrarat , such as Shirakavan , Dvin , and Ani . After
21158-438: Was mostly depopulated by the Great Surgun of 1603–05, when the Safavid Empire forcibly deported hundreds of thousands of Armenians to Iran. In 1679, the city was mostly destroyed by an earthquake , and then rebuilt on a smaller scale. In 1828, Yerevan became part of the Russian Empire , which led to the repatriation of Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated in the 17th century. After World War I , Yerevan became
21307-430: Was placed between two vowels. The true pronunciation of the fortress-city was apparently Erebuny . Early Christian Armenian chroniclers connected the origin of the city's name to the legend of Noah's Ark . After the ark had landed on Mount Ararat and the flood waters had receded, Noah , while looking in the direction of Yerevan, is said to have exclaimed "Yerevats!" ("it appeared!" in Armenian ), from which originated
21456-423: Was reached, showing there to be 8 or 9 distinct stratigraphic levels. These levels cover a time between 3200 BC and 2500 BC. Evidences of later use of the site, possibly until 2200 BC, were also found. The excavation process revealed a series of large round buildings with square adjoining rooms and minor round buildings. A series of ritual installations was discovered in 2010 and 2012. The ancient kingdom of Urartu
21605-423: Was reached, showing there to be 8 or 9 distinct stratigraphic levels. These levels cover a time between 3200 BC and 2500 BC. Evidences of later use of the site, possibly until 2200 BC, were also found. The excavation process revealed a series of large round buildings with square adjoining rooms and minor round buildings. A series of ritual installations was discovered in 2010 and 2012. The ancient kingdom of Urartu
21754-731: Was revamped by MVRDV , a renowned Dutch architectural studio. TUMO Tirana was opened in cooperation with the American-Albanian Development Foundation and the Municipality of Tirana. TUMO Tirana is the first TUMO center in the Balkans . TUMO Berlin started in Berlin in November 2020 and occupies four floors in a new building, located in the historic Charlottenburg district. Over 1,000 students have
21903-535: Was selected in a competition for a new anthem and new flag that would best represent the city. The chosen flag has a white background with the city's seal in the middle, surrounded by twelve small red triangles that symbolize the twelve historic capitals of Armenia. The flag includes the three colours of the Armenian National flag . The lion is portrayed on the orange background with blue edging. The territory of Yerevan has been inhabited since approximately
22052-468: Was selected in a competition for a new anthem and new flag that would best represent the city. The chosen flag has a white background with the city's seal in the middle, surrounded by twelve small red triangles that symbolize the twelve historic capitals of Armenia. The flag includes the three colours of the Armenian National flag . The lion is portrayed on the orange background with blue edging. The territory of Yerevan has been inhabited since approximately
22201-567: Was spelled Erevan more often than Yerevan in English sources. The principal symbol of Yerevan is Mount Ararat, which is visible from any area in the capital. The seal of the city is a crowned lion on a pedestal with a shield that has a depiction of Mount Ararat on the upper part and half of an Armenian eternity sign on the bottom part. The emblem is a rectangular shield with a blue border. On 27 September 2004, Yerevan adopted an anthem, "Erebuni-Yerevan", using lyrics written by Paruyr Sevak and set to music composed by Edgar Hovhannisyan . It
#624375