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14-736: Both the Maroni and Oyapock rivers originate in the Tumuk Humak Mountains. The Maroni ( Dutch : Marowijne ) forms the entire (disputed) border between Suriname and French Guiana, and the Oyapock ( Portuguese : Oiapoque ) most of the border between French Guiana and Brazil. The Tumuk Humak Mountains are part of the Tumucumaque Uplands of the Guiana Shield . They are geographically important because they form

28-740: A discharge of 20,291 m /minute at a width of 285  m. Thus, the Lawa River was the headwater of the Maroni River. There were no problems with this decision until 1885. However, the discovery of gold in the area between the Lawa and the Tapanahony created a new border conflict. On 29 November 1888, France and the Netherlands reached an agreement that the conflict should be subject to arbitration. Czar Alexander III of Russia , acting as

42-524: Is 612 km (380 mi). There are two nature preserves located in the estuary region on the Surinamese side of the river, near the village of Galibi . They provide protection for the birds and the leatherback sea turtles that hatch there. In 1860, the question was posed from the French side, which of the two tributary rivers was the headwater, and thus the border. A joint French-Dutch commission

56-452: Is Brazil's largest national park and the world's largest protected tropical forest. The highest point in the state of Amapá is located there, reaching 701 meters (2,300 ft). The French film Tumuc Humac (1970), directed by Jean-Marie Périer , was named after the mountain range. Maroni River The Maroni ( French: [maʁɔni] ) or Marowijne ( Dutch: [maːroːˈʋɛinə] ; Sranan Tongo : Marwina-Liba )

70-733: Is a river in South America that forms the border between French Guiana and Suriname . The Maroni runs through the Guianan moist forests ecoregion. It originates in the Tumuk Humak Mountains and forms the (disputed) border between France ( region of French Guiana) and Suriname. In its upper reaches, it is also known as the Lawa , and close to its source it is known as the Litani . The total length of Litani, Lawa and Maroni

84-541: Is a river of Suriname . The Oelemari River flows into the Litani which is a tributary to the Marowijne . The river is sourced from the Oranjegebergte which in turn is a subdivision of the Tumuk Humak Mountains . Gold has been discovered in the area and is being exploited by Guardian Exploration from Texas . The area was first explored by A. Franssen Herderschee in 1903, and settlements had been found of

98-485: Is between 1150 and 1250 megawatts. The Maroni is the most extensively studied of all the rivers in Suriname. In the 16th century, there were already ships exploring the estuary, by Lawrence Keymis , Thomas Masham , Antonio de Berrio and Adriaen Cabeliau and in the 17th century, by Harcourt, Fisher and De Vries. In the 18th century more extensive excursions took place, by Mentell, Patris, Le Blond and Heneman and in

112-586: The indigenous Ojarikoelé tribe, also known as Wajarikoele. In 1938, Willem Ahlbrinck set out on an expedition to find the tribe, but could find no settlements or the tribe, but did discover the Wama tribe also known as Akurio who were still living in the Stone Age . The Akurio were rediscovered in 1975 by American missionaries , and were persuaded to live in Pelelu Tepu . The area can be reached from

126-674: The 19th century by Zegelaar, Jules Crevaux , Coudreau, Ten Kate, Joost and others. Of importance in the 20th century were the Gonini and Tapanahony expeditions, and the Tumuk Humak and Southern Border Expeditions. From these arose the research of the Geologisch Mijnbouwkundige Dienst (GMD) and the Centraal Bureau voor Luchtkartering (CBL). Oelemari River Oelemari River (also Ulemari )

140-679: The Tumuk Humak Mountains at approximately 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 ° N 55° W; along its path it is fed by Koele Koelebreek , the Lokereek , the Mapaonikreek and the Oelemari River . The Malani also has its source in the Tumuk Humak Mountains, at approximately 2° N, 54° W; it also absorbs the Koelebreek , among others. The Maroni basin is 68,700 km ; above the island Langatabbetje (110 km away from

154-621: The arbitrator, decided that the Lawa was the headwater of the Maroni, and thus should be considered the border. However, this decision created another issue as to which river is the source of the Lawa. The Netherlands considered the Malani (Marowijnekreek in Dutch) to be the source of the Lawa; the French considered the Litani , located further to the west, to be the source of the Lawa. This issue has still not been resolved. The Litani originates in

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168-577: The divide between the biogeographical system of the Amazon Basin and that of the Atlantic coastal area of the Guianas. The Tumuk Humak plateau is covered primarily with lowland and plateau forests. Brazil's Tumucumaque Mountains National Park is named after the Tumuk Humak Mountains and covers that country's section of the mountain range, in the states of Pará and Amapá . Created in 2002, it

182-456: The mouth of the river) this area is 63,700 km . Between 1952 and 1973, the average discharge near Langatabbetje was about 1,700 m /second. The minimum was 95 m /second, the maximum 6,550 m /second. The estuary is approximately 90 km long; the average tidal range in the estuary is 2 m; in the dry season, the salt reaches about 40 km upstream to the town of Albina . The estimated potential hydro power for Suriname

196-458: Was appointed to review the issue. The Dutch side of the commission consisted of J.H. Baron van Heerdt tot Eversberg , J.F.A. Cateau van Rosevelt and August Kappler . Luits Vidal, Ronmy, Boudet and Dr. Rech composed the French side. In 1861 measurements were taken, which produced the following result: the Lawa had a discharge of 35,960 m /minute at a width of 436 m; the Tapanahony had

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