Misplaced Pages

#638361

39-575: Under Ivan Pogosski and guided by Andrei Tupolev , TsAGI developed the ANT-7 from the Tupolev TB-1 by scaling it down by about one third. Power for the ANT-7 was intended to be provided by two 388 kW (520 hp) – 455 kW (610 hp) Hispano Suiza engines or 313 kW (420 hp) Bristol Jupiter engines, but the prototype was powered by two 373 kW (500 hp) – 529 kW (709 hp) BMW VI engines. The first flight of

78-475: A wind tunnel which led to the formation of an aerodynamic laboratory at IMTU. In 1911, Tupolev was accused of taking part in revolutionary activities, including demonstrations and distribution of subversive literature, and was arrested. Tupolev was later released on condition that he return to his family home in Pustomazovo. Tupolev was only allowed to return to IMTU in 1914, studying during World War I and

117-520: A prison to an NKVD sharashka for aircraft designers in Bolshevo near Moscow, where many surviving ex-TsAGI people had already been sent to work. The sharashka soon moved to Moscow and was dubbed "Tupolevka" after Tupolev, its most prominent inmate. In 1940, Tupolev was tried and convicted with a ten-year sentence, and during this time he developed the Tupolev Tu-2 which would become one of

156-587: A village near the city of Kimry in Tver Governorate , Russian Empire , the sixth of seven children born to his Russian parents. Tupolev's father, Nikolai Ivanovich Tupolev (1842-1911), was a native of Surgut , who worked as a notary for the governorate. Nikolai had studied law at St. Petersburg University , but was expelled after the assassination of Alexander II for his ties to revolutionaries despite not being involved in their actions. Tupolev's mother, Anna Vasilievna ( née Lisitsyna) (1850-1928)

195-581: Is about the life and works of Tupolev and Igor Sikorsky , the Russian-American aviation pioneer. Prospekt Tupoleva, the main avenue in the Aviatsionny microdistrict of Domodedovo located next to Domodedovo Airport , was named after Tupolev. A memorial mural of Tupolev was painted on the side of the 20 Prospekt Tupoleva apartment building. In 2018, Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow

234-698: The ANT-7 passed the state acceptance tests. Production aircraft were designated R-6 by the Soviet Air Force. The first production aircraft was rolled off the GAZ-22 , (GAZ – Gosudarstvenny Aviatsionnyy Zavod – state aviation plant/factory), assembly line in November 1931, a year after production started. Another 410 aircraft were made during the following three years: 385 at GAZ-22 in Moscow (one of these

273-834: The Buran space shuttle and the Tu-2000 long-range heavy bomber. Tupolev was never a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union despite his status and being elected to several deputy positions. List (partial) of retired or active aircraft designed or made by aviation designer/engineer Andrei Tupolev; incl. both military and civilian planes, jets and other aircraft: Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin ( Russian : Орден Ленина , romanized :  Orden Lenina , pronounced [ˈordʲɪn ˈlʲenʲɪnə] )

312-850: The Eastern Bloc were named in honour of Tupolev, as well as one in Western Europe, the Tupolevlaan near Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . In 1973, the Kazan Aviation Institute was named after Tupolev, and a monument of him was erected in Kazan in a public square at the intersection of Dekabristov, Gagarin and Korolev Streets. In 1979, a bust of Tupolev was erected at a public square in Kimry, near his birthplace Pustomazovo which no longer exists. Another memorial to Tupolev

351-688: The Emperor Nicholas II Moscow State University of Railway Engineering . Tupolev was accepted at both, but ultimately chose to attend at IMTU. In 1909, Tupolev began studying aerodynamics under the Russian aviation pioneer Nikolay Zhukovsky , and volunteered for the Aeronautical workshop ( Kruzhok ) headed by Zhukovsky. In 1910, together with his workshop friends, Tupolev built and test piloted his first glider . During his workshop days, Tupolev also built

390-861: The Russian Revolution . Tupolev completed his studies in 1918 and was awarded the degree of Engineer-Mechanic when he presented his thesis on the development of seaplanes . By 1920, the IMTU had been renamed the Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU) and Tupolev was teaching a course there on the basics of aerodynamic calculations. Tupolev was a leading figure of the Moscow -based Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI; Russian : Центральный аэро-гидродинамический институт; ЦАГИ ) from 1929 until his death in 1972. The Central Design Office or TsKB ( Russian : Центральное конструкторское бюро; ЦКБ ) based there produced bombers for

429-518: The Soviet Air Force and some airliners , which in the years before World War II and especially in his 1930s-era designs, were based partially on the all-metal aircraft design concepts pioneered by Hugo Junkers . In 1925, Tupolev designed a twin-engine bomber, the TB-1 , which was considered one of the most advanced designs of the time. By 1934, Tupolev had led the design bureau that designed

SECTION 10

#1732797999639

468-458: The Tu-104 , the world's second operational production jet airliner . After Khruschev's removal from office in late 1964 and the rise of Leonid Brezhnev , the ageing Tupolev gradually lost positions at the centres of Soviet power to rivals in the aircraft industry. The prestigious Tu-144 programme enjoyed top level support until 1973, as did the important Tu-154 airliner, but the favored position

507-656: The Tu-2 , Tu-16 , Tu-95 , and Tu-104 , and the reverse engineered Tu-4 . Tupolev was highly honoured in the Soviet Union and awarded various titles and honours including the Hero of Socialist Labor three times, Order of Lenin eight times, Order of the Red Banner of Labour two times, made an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1953, and a Colonel-General of the Soviet Air Force in 1968. Tupolev

546-604: The ANT-7 took place on 11 September 1929, piloted by Mikhail Gromov . Flight tests started in March 1930 after TsAGi decided to postpone them until after the winter. That summer, the NII-VVS ( Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Voyenno-Vozdooshnykh Seel – air force scientific test institute) conducted state tests which revealed tailplane buffeting, which was alleviated by fitting enlarged elevators. The next flight encountered radiator damage and an engine failure, but in spite of this,

585-530: The Tupolev Design Bureau enjoyed through Tupolev's personal political connections was largely eclipsed by the Ilyushin aircraft manufacturing and design company. To his contemporaries, Tupolev was known as a witty but crude master of obscene vocabulary who invariably and energetically insisted on fast and adequate technical fixes at the expense of scholastic ideal solutions. A hallmark of Tupolev

624-503: The aircraft were powered by two Mikulin M-17s), or as MP-6-2M17 if floats were attached. Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995 General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Related lists Andrei Tupolev Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev ( Russian : Андрей Николаевич Туполев ; 10 November [ O.S. 29 October] 1888 – 23 December 1972)

663-528: The first aircraft to deliver a nuclear weapon . The Soviet Union had repeatedly asked for B-29s through the World War II Lend Lease program but these requests were all denied by the US. Tupolev succeeded in the complex task of re-engineering the design with Russian engines, weapons, equipment and airfoil sections, while using available metric sheetmetal which required a nearly complete redesign as

702-462: The following years, Tupolev overcame competition from Vladimir Myasishchev and his M-4 series of jet-powered strategic bombers, to get the Tu-16 design into service. This was in part thanks to Tupolev's close rapport with Nikita Khrushchev , the new leader of the Soviet Union who had denounced Stalin's terror, of which Tupolev had been a victim. At about the same time, Tupolev introduced into service

741-530: The largest aircraft flying in the world at the time, the 63-meter wingspan, eight-engined Maksim Gorki , again built with the Junkers metal structure airframe concepts. In 1937, an improved version of the earlier TB-1, the four-engined TB-3 , made a landing at the North Pole . As the number of qualified aircraft designers increased, Tupolev set up his own office, producing a number of designs designated with

780-486: The left chest without a ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar is of the same design. The portrait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate platinum piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. The first Order of Lenin

819-741: The most important aircraft of World War II. Tupolev was released in July 1941 around the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union to "conduct important defence work" but was not fully rehabilitated by the Soviet state until 1955, two years after Joseph Stalin 's death. Tupolev headed the B-4 project, as it was initially designated, to reverse engineer the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress strategic bomber, which had been

SECTION 20

#1732797999639

858-518: The multiple illegal American overflights, mostly with Martin PBM-5 Mariners that had already begun, and the overt threat of nuclear attack. Tupolev had several examples of the resulting Tu-4 flying in time for the 1947 May Day parade. By the time of his rehabilitation on 9 April 1955, Tupolev had designed and was about to start testing his unique turboprop strategic bomber, the Tu-95 . In

897-418: The original had been built to imperial measurements, while new alloys also had to be brought into production. They used four B-29s which had come down in Soviet controlled territory as references, after having sustained light damage while bombing Japan in 1945. Tupolev's own design for the role had been ignored in the interest of getting the new long range bomber into service as rapidly as possible to respond to

936-548: The outline of a Tu-144 taking off. Tupolev was married to Yuliya Nikolaevna Tupoleva (née Zheltyakova) until her death in 1962. Tupolev's daughter Yuliya (1920–2011) was a doctor who was awarded the title of Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. Tupolev's son Alexei (1925-2001) was a successful pioneering aircraft designer who designed the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic passenger jet, and helped design

975-592: The prefix ANT ( Russian : АНТ ) from his initials. However, on 21 October 1937, Tupolev was arrested together with Vladimir Petlyakov and the entire directorate of the TsAGI and EDO during the Great Purge on trumped up charges of sabotage , espionage and of aiding the Russian Fascist Party . Many of his colleagues were executed but Tupolev himself was imprisoned. In 1939, Tupolev was moved from

1014-536: The titles " Hero of the Soviet Union " and " Hero of Socialist Labour " were also given the order as part of the award. It was also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units, and ships. Various educational institutions and military units who received the said Order applied the full name of the order into their official titles. The first design of the Order of Lenin was sculpted by Pyotr Tayozhny and Ivan Shadr based on sketches by Ivan Dubasov . It

1053-594: Was a Russian and later Soviet aeronautical engineer known for his pioneering aircraft designs as the director of the Tupolev Design Bureau . Tupolev was an early pioneer of aeronautics in Russia and served as a protégé of Nikolay Zhukovsky . Tupolev designed or oversaw the design of more than 100 types of civilian and military aircraft in the Soviet Union over 50 years, some of which set 78 world records . Tupolev produced many notable designs such as

1092-624: Was also honoured outside the Soviet Union as an honorary member of the British Royal Aeronautical Society and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in recognition of his work. In 2018, Vnukovo International Airport was formally renamed to Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport in his honour. Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev was born on 10 November  [ O.S. 29 October] 1888 in Pustomazovo ( Russian : Пустомазово ),

1131-658: Was an award named after Vladimir Lenin , the leader of the October Revolution . It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union . The order was awarded to: From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service. Those who were awarded

1170-488: Was awarded between 1930 and 1932. The second design was awarded from 1934 until 1936. This was a solid gold badge, featuring a silver plated disc bearing Lenin's portrait. The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat , and a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script ( Russian : ЛЕНИН ). A red star is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel. The third design

1209-406: Was awarded from 1936 until 1943. The design was the same as previous, but the central disc was gray enamelled and Lenin's portrait was a separate piece made of platinum fixed by rivets . The fourth design was awarded from 1943 until 1991. Design was the same as previous, but was worn as a medal suspended from a ribbon (all previous were screwback). The badge was originally worn by screwback on

Tupolev ANT-7 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-623: Was awarded to the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda on 23 May 1930. Also among the first ten recipients were five industrial companies, three pilots, and the Secretary to the Central Executive Committee Avel Enukidze . The first person to be awarded a second Order of Lenin was the pilot Valery Chkalov in 1936. Another pilot, Vladimir Kokkinaki , became the first to receive a third Order in 1939. The first five foreign recipients – who were presented with

1287-707: Was born in Torzhok in the family of a judicial investigator, and graduated from the Mariinsky Gymnasium in Tver . Anna's parents purchased the small estate in Pustomazovo where Tupolev was born. After first being educated at home, Tupolev studied at the Gymnasium in Tver and finished in 1908. Tupolev then applied for courses at two Russian universities: Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTU Russian : ИМТУ ) and

1326-527: Was erected in the estimated location of Pustomazovo in the present-day Ustinovo, north of Kimry in Kimrsky District , Tver Oblast . The local high school in Ustinovo was renamed after Tupolev and a memorial plaque was installed. In 1988, the Soviet Union issued a postage stamp dedicated to Tupolev. The 1979 biographical film Poema o kryl'yakh (Поэма о крыльях) directed by Daniil Khrabrovitsky

1365-419: Was formally renamed to Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport. On December 1, 2022, in honor of the 100th anniversary of aircraft designer Andrei Tupolev, his first monument was opened in Moscow . He appeared next to the building of the design bureau on the embankment of Academician Tupolev in the square of the same name. The sculpture is made of bronze and represents the figure of an aircraft designer and

1404-502: Was made by Goznak of silver with some lightly gold-plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin 's profile surrounded by smokestacks , a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated " hammer and sickle " emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" ( Russian : СССР ) in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted. It

1443-636: Was the KR-6 (KR – Kreiser Razveyedchik – cruiser reconnaissance), which had two PV-2 machine guns and a second gunner, that was later relegated to training duties. By 1935, the R-6 was becoming obsolete, and several were transferred to Aeroflot and Avia Arktika , which used them to carry passengers and cargo in Siberia before the Great Patriotic War , designated PS-7-2M17 (the "2M17" showed that

1482-675: Was the R-6 Limuzin), five at GAZ-31 in Taganrog (floatplanes designated KR-6P), and 20 more at GAZ-12 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur . The standard aircraft crew consisted of the pilot, gunner and observer and the aircraft was able to carry 113.4 kg (250 lb) of bombs to a distance of up to 965.6 km (600 mi). Some were built with floats as the MP-6 , (also known as KR-6P ), for maritime patrol duties. Another variant

1521-497: Was to get an aeroplane into service very rapidly, then began an often interminable process of improving the shortcomings of the "quick and dirty" initial design. To his competitors among the Soviet aircraft design community, he was known above all as politically astute; a shrewd and unforgiving rival. Tupolev died on 23 December 1972 and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Various streets in cities across

#638361