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37-634: The Naurzum Nature Reserve is a protected area located in the river basin. The river originates at the confluence of the Zhaldama and Kara-Turgai rivers, which have their sources in the Kazakh Uplands . It then flows along the Turgay Depression . The Turgay disappears in the endorheic basin of Shalkarteniz . The Ubagan , a tributary of the Tobol , drains the valley to the north,

74-698: A group of plants that can be erect shrubs , climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles . Their flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia , with smaller numbers native to Europe , North America , and Northwest Africa . Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses to climbers that can reach seven meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in

111-461: A matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the dog rose ( Rosa canina ) and rugosa rose ( R. rugosa ), are very rich in vitamin C , among the richest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings , which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. The sharp growths along a rose stem, though commonly called "thorns", are technically prickles , outgrowths of

148-512: A unified area, that along with additional buffer areas of 855.675 km (330.378 sq mi) surrounding the three core areas, provides a total protected area of 3,081 km (1,190 sq mi). The vegetation is diverse and consists of steppes, shrub lands, semi deserts and as a unique feature within the southern steppe zone, also forests. These forests are composed mainly of pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), birch ( Betula pendula , B. pubescens ) and aspen ( Populus tremula ). Along

185-657: Is a nature reserve in Kostanay Region , Kazakhstan . It is part of the UNESCO heritage site Saryarka — Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan . It protects about 3,081 square kilometres (1,190 sq mi) of steppes, semi desert and forests. The administrative office of the protected area is located in Karamendy village. The protected area is located in the central part of the Turgay Plateau within

222-480: Is common in the Indian subcontinent . The leaves and washed roots are also sometimes used to make tea. In France, there is much use of rose syrup , most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the Indian subcontinent , Rooh Afza , a concentrated squash made with roses, is popular, as are rose-flavoured frozen desserts such as ice cream and kulfi . The flower stems and young shoots are edible, as are

259-424: Is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil. The main constituents of attar of roses are

296-597: Is composed of 140–180 species and divided into four subgenera: Some birds, particularly finches , eat the seeds. Wild roses are host plants for a number of pests and diseases. Many of these affect other plants, including other genera of the Rosaceae . Cultivated roses are often subject to severe damage from insect , arachnid and fungal pests and diseases. In many cases they cannot be usefully grown without regular treatment to control these problems. Roses are best known as ornamental plants grown for their flowers in

333-416: Is known for his detailed watercolours of flowers, particularly roses. Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist. Other impressionists including Claude Monet , Paul Cézanne and Pierre-Auguste Renoir have paintings of roses among their works. In the 19th century, for example, artists associated

370-604: Is located about 320 km (200 mi) west of the capital city of Nur Sultan. This area consists of 1,397.14 km (539.44 sq mi) and includes several large lakes including Zharman Lake. Sypsyn-Aebu Cluster is located about 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Naurzum-Kargay. It contains 387.20 km (149.50 sq mi). Tersek-Karagay Cluster is located about 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Sypsyn-Aebu. It contains 129.47 km (49.99 sq mi). An Eco-Corridor of 311.59 km (120.31 sq mi) borders all three clusters merging them into

407-474: Is used as a minor source of vitamin C . Diarrhodon (Gr διάρροδον, "compound of roses", from ῥόδων, "of roses" ) is a name given to various compounds in which red roses are an ingredient. The long cultural history of the rose has led to it being used often as a symbol. In ancient Greece , the rose was closely associated with the goddess Aphrodite . In the Iliad , Aphrodite protects the body of Hector using

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444-522: Is used in skin products and some makeup products. Rose water has a very distinctive flavour and is used in Middle Eastern , Persian , and South Asian cuisine —especially in sweets such as Turkish delight , barfi , baklava , halva , gulab jamun , knafeh , and nougat . Rose petals or flower buds are sometimes used to flavour ordinary tea , or combined with other herbs to make herbal teas . A sweet preserve of rose petals called gulkand

481-429: Is usually white or pink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath the petals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa omeiensis and Rosa sericea , four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. There are multiple superior ovaries that develop into achenes . Roses are insect-pollinated in nature. The aggregate fruit of

518-763: The Houses of York and Lancaster in a conflict known as the Wars of the Roses . Subsequently roses of the corresponding colours have been used a emblems for the English counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire . The Tudor rose combines the colours of the roses of York and Lancaster, and is an emblem of then Tudor dynasty and of England . Roses are a favored subject in art and appear in portraits, illustrations, on stamps, as ornaments or as architectural elements. The Luxembourg-born Belgian artist and botanist Pierre-Joseph Redouté

555-572: The epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem), unlike true thorns, which are modified stems . Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and [R. pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight prickles, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes ). Despite

592-615: The garden and sometimes indoors. They have also been used for commercial perfumery and commercial cut flower crops. Some are used as landscape plants, for hedging and for other utilitarian purposes such as game cover and slope stabilization. The majority of ornamental roses are hybrids that were bred for their flowers. A few, mostly species roses are grown for attractive or scented foliage (such as Rosa glauca and R. rubiginosa ), ornamental thorns (such as R. sericea ) or for their showy fruit (such as R. moyesii ). Ornamental roses have been cultivated for millennia, with

629-882: The rosary and other devotional prayers in Christianity. Ever since the 1400s, the Franciscans have had a Crown Rosary of the Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin Mary . In the 1400s and 1500s, the Carthusians promoted the idea of sacred mysteries associated with the rose symbol and rose gardens. Albrecht Dürer 's painting The Feast of the Rosary (1506) depicts the Virgin Mary distributing garlands of roses to her devotees. Roses symbolised

666-406: The "immortal oil of the rose" and the archaic Greek lyric poet Ibycus praises a beautiful youth saying that Aphrodite nursed him "among rose blossoms". The second-century AD Greek travel writer Pausanias associates the rose with the story of Adonis and states that the rose is red because Aphrodite wounded herself on one of its thorns and stained the flower red with her blood. Book Eleven of

703-621: The Turgay to the south. There are many shallow, often salty lakes in the valley. In the summer it dries up and its water becomes salty in the lower reaches of certain sections. The river is mostly fed by snow. It freezes in November and thaws in April. The main tributaries of the Turgay are the 593 km (368 mi) long Irgiz , the 284 km (176 mi) long Karatorgai and the Kobarga on

740-465: The ancient Roman novel The Golden Ass by Apuleius contains a scene in which the goddess Isis , who is identified with Venus , instructs the main character, Lucius, who has been transformed into a donkey , to eat rose petals from a crown of roses worn by a priest as part of a religious procession in order to regain his humanity. French writer René Rapin invented a myth in which a beautiful Corinthian queen named Rhodanthe ("she with rose flowers")

777-468: The crushed petals of roses. An associated product is rose water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and religious practices. The production technique originated in Persia and then spread through Arabia and India, and more recently into eastern Europe. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses ( Rosa × damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In other parts of the world Rosa × centifolia

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814-736: The development of rose breeding at her gardens at Malmaison . As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars , varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery , an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England. Roses are a popular crop for both domestic and commercial cut flowers . Generally they are harvested and cut when in bud, and held in refrigerated conditions until ready for display at their point of sale. In temperate climates, cut roses are often grown in greenhouses , and in warmer countries they may also be grown under cover in order to ensure that

851-499: The development of the wide range of garden roses . The name rose comes from Latin rosa , which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan , from Greek ῥόδον rhódon ( Aeolic βρόδον wródon ), itself borrowed from Old Persian wrd- ( wurdi ), related to Avestan varəδa , Sogdian ward , Parthian wâr . The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. In most species, they are 5 to 15 centimetres (2.0 to 5.9 in) long, pinnate , with (3–) 5–9 (−13) leaflets and basal stipules ;

888-556: The earliest known cultivation known to date from at least 500 BC in Mediterranean countries, Persia , and China. It is estimated that 30 to 35 thousand rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use as flowering plants. Most are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having morphed into additional petals . In the early 19th century the Empress Josephine of France patronized

925-674: The early Oligocene . Today's garden roses come from 18th-century China. Among the old Chinese garden roses, the Old Blush group is the most primitive, while newer groups are the most diverse. A study of the patterns of natural selection in the genome of roses indicated that genes related to DNA damage repair and stress adaptation have been positively selected, likely during their domestication. This rapid evolution may reflect an adaptation to genome confliction resulting from frequent intra- and inter-species hybridization and switching environmental conditions of growth. The genus Rosa

962-459: The flowers are not damaged by weather and that pest and disease control can be carried out effectively. Significant quantities are grown in some tropical countries, and these are shipped by air to markets across the world. Some kind of roses are artificially coloured using dyed water, like rainbow roses . Rose perfumes are made from rose oil (also called attar of roses), which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling

999-519: The fragrant alcohols geraniol and L- citronellol and rose camphor, an odorless solid composed of alkanes , which separates from rose oil. β- Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent. Rose hips are high in vitamin C , are, after the removal of the irritant hairs, edible raw, and occasionally are made into jam , jelly , marmalade , and soup , or brewed for tea. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce rose hip seed oil , which

1036-404: The leaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few small prickles on the underside of the stem. Most roses are deciduous but a few (particularly from Southeast Asia ) are evergreen or nearly so. The flowers of most species have five petals, with the exception of Rosa omeiensis and Rosa sericea , which usually have only four. Each petal is divided into two distinct lobes and

1073-561: The left, as well as the Zhaldama, Tokanay and Ulkayak on the right. In years of high water the 164 kilometers (102 mi) long Saryozen river may flow across lake Sarykopa into the Turgay through a channel near Tauysh village. This article related to a river in Kazakhstan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Naurzum Nature Reserve Naurzum State Nature Reserve ( Kazakh : Наурызым мемлекеттік табиғи қорығы , Nauryzym memlekettık tabiği qoryğy )

1110-756: The petals (sans the white or green bases). The latter are usually used as flavouring or to add their scent to food. Other minor uses include candied rose petals. Rose creams (rose-flavoured fondant covered in chocolate , often topped with a crystallised rose petal) are a traditional English confectionery widely available from numerous producers in the UK. Under the American Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act , there are only certain Rosa species, varieties, and parts are listed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The rose hip , usually from R. canina ,

1147-662: The presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer . A few species of roses have only vestigial prickles that have no points. Plant geneticist Zachary Lippman of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that prickles are controlled by the LOG gene. Blocking the LOG gene in roses reduced the thorns (large prickles) into tiny buds. The oldest remains of roses are from the Late Eocene Florissant Formation of Colorado. Roses were present in Europe by

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1184-1142: The reserve. In addition more than 1000 species of invertebrates are found. Typical mammals of the steppe zone are steppe polecat ( Mustela eversmanni ), corsac fox ( Vulpes corsac ), common fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), Eurasian wolf ( Canis lupus lupus ), long-eared hedgehog ( Erinaceus auritus ), European hare ( Lepus europaeus ) and several rodent species like bobak marmot ( Marmota bobac ), large-toothed souslik ( Spermophylus fulvus ), red-cheeked souslik ( Spermophylus major ), little souslik ( Spermophylus pygmeus ), common hamster ( Cricetus cricetus ), jerboas ( Allactaga major , Stylodipus telum ) as well as several species of voles and lemmings. The forests are inhabited by elk ( Alces alces ), Tartarian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ), Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ), badger ( Meles meles ), ermine ( Mustela erminea ), weasel ( Mustela nivalis ), pine marten ( Martes martes ) and raccoon dog ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ), red squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris ), European hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus ), Blue Hare ( Lepus timidus ). Mainly along rivers one can also find wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). Among

1221-466: The rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip . Many of the domestic cultivars do not produce hips, as the flowers are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination . The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia ) have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium , which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes ) embedded in

1258-590: The seashores there is also typical aquatic vegetation of sedges and reeds. In the shrub dominated parts, typical steppe shrubs are Russian almond ( Amygdalus nana ), cherry ( Cerasus fruticosa ), greenweed ( Cytisus ruthenicus ) (western distribution boundary), species of wild roses ( Rosa ) and juniper ( Juniperus sabinea ). At moister places there also willow bushes ( Salix ) and along lake shores, tamarisk ( Tamarix ramosissima ). There are 47 species of mammals, 279 species of birds, 10 species of reptile and amphibious animals and 10 species of fish reported in

1295-486: The species, which can be found occasionally in the deserts and semi deserts of the reserve is the rare saiga antelope ( Saiga tatarica ). Rose See List of Rosa species A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa ( / ˈ r oʊ z ə / ), in the family Rosaceae ( / r oʊ ˈ z eɪ s iː ˌ iː / ), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars . They form

1332-500: The steppe zone of Kazakhstan. Aksuat lake is located in the reserve. It consists of three clusters of core areas, which are surrounded by buffer zones and connected via a protected eco-corridor. The core area is about 1.910 km (0.737 sq mi); the buffer zone is about 1.167 km (0.451 sq mi) in size. Main Area Naurzum-Kargay Cluster is the largest of the three component areas. It

1369-592: Was besieged inside a temple of Artemis by three ardent suitors who wished to worship her as a goddess; the god Apollo then transformed her into a rosebush. Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire , the rose became identified with the Virgin Mary . The colour of the rose and the number of roses received has symbolic representation. The rose symbol eventually led to the creation of

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