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30-459: The game fell into a category of classics that feature two rival teams playing each year. The activities surrounding the game take place over several weeks in the downtown of Montgomery, and include parades, parties, and the like. Many classics feature activities and events like golfing, pageants, and tailgating. The 1924 game was the first in the series and it is considered the first black college football classic. Tuskegee refused tournament slots for

60-678: A champion at the NCAA Division II level. It was first held in 1973, as a single-elimination playoff with eight teams. The tournament field has subsequently been expanded three times: to 16 teams in 1988, 24 teams in 2004, and 28 teams in 2016. The national championship game has been held in eight different cities. Former sites include Sacramento, California (1973–1975); Wichita Falls, Texas (1976–1977); Longview, Texas (1978); Albuquerque, New Mexico (1979–1980); McAllen, Texas (1981–1985); Florence, Alabama (1986–2013); and Kansas City, Kansas (2014–2017). From 1973 through 1985 (with

90-430: A closed, private network system that uses exclusive equipment like set-top boxes , which is typically the case with IPTV services (such as U-verse TV ). OTT services are typically accessed via television sets with integrated Smart TV platforms, streaming devices such as Amazon Fire TV and Roku , video game consoles , websites on personal computers , and apps on smartphones and tablets . In 2011,

120-464: A phone, PC, or smart television set. By mid-2017, 58 percent of US households would access one in a given month, and advertising revenues from OTT channels exceeded revenue from videos playing in web browsers on desktops and laptops. In 2019, the record of simultaneous users watching an OTT event was set at 18.6 million in India by Disney Entertainment 's video streaming platform Hotstar . The record

150-584: Is a digital distribution service offered directly to viewers via the public Internet , rather than through an over-the-air , cable , or satellite -based provider. The term is synonymous with " streaming platform ", such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video which provide access to subscription-based film and television content (SVoD). OTT bypasses cable, broadcast , and satellite television platforms—the media through which companies have traditionally acted as controllers or distributors of such content. This content may include shows and movies for which

180-468: Is defined as instant messaging services or online chat provided by third parties, as an alternative to text messaging services provided by a mobile network operator . An example is the Facebook -owned mobile application WhatsApp , that serves to replace text messaging on Internet connected smartphones. Other providers of OTT messaging include Viber , WeChat , iMessage , Skype , Telegram and

210-566: Is the audio, video, and other media content delivered over the Internet, without the involvement of a multiple-system operator (MSO) in the control or distribution of the content. The Internet provider may be aware of the contents of the Internet Protocol (IP) packets and may be able to block or restrict their transit to end users (unless that internet provider operates within a jurisdiction that requires " net neutrality "). However,

240-568: The Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI) during, and at the end of, each regular season. The AP polled a panel of writers, while UPI polled a panel of coaches. When UPI began its poll in 1958, it explained that the poll would cover college football programs not considered "major" by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), with the small schools (then numbering 519) belonging to

270-665: The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), Canada's telecommunications regulator, stated that it "considers that Internet access to programming independent of a facility or network dedicated to its delivery (via, for example, cable or satellite) is the defining feature of what has been termed 'over-the-top' services". In contrast to video on demand systems offered by cable and IPTV , which operate over managed networks where channels can be changed instantly and thus content available instantaneously, some OTT services such as iTunes require that

300-841: The NCAA Division I Football Championship ; this accommodates the Turkey Day Classic, the Bayou Classic in New Orleans, any weather-related reschedulings (such as the 2017 Labor Day Classic ) and, during the game's existence, the SWAC Championship Game . SWAC members instead contend for the Celebration Bowl . Beginning in 2013, Tuskegee withdrew from the contest due to playoff considerations beginning that year. Tuskegee's opting into

330-795: The NCAA Division II National Football Championship because the Division II playoffs conflict with the Turkey Day Classic; the Golden Tigers program did this even in successful seasons where it has qualified and earned high playoff seeding. From 1998 to 2009, Tuskegee participated in the Pioneer Bowl , representing its conference nine times in the 11 Pioneer Bowls in that span and winning eight. Similarly, Alabama State and other Southwestern Athletic Conference members opt out of contention for

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360-446: The 1971 contest, had been the only team other than Tuskegee or Alabama State to win the Turkey Day Classic in its history. The move was made in an effort to boost falling attendance and attention for the event, which had failed to sell out the games against other D-II and NAIA opponents. (The strategy was unsuccessful, as attendance continued to fall, and the game went untelevised, as ESPN , the game's previous telecaster, declined to carry

390-516: The AP and UPI polls were completed, therefore these games did not factor in selecting a national champion for the College Division . The bowl games were: Winners of regional bowls From 1973 to 1977, some of the tournament games were also known by bowl names; Over-the-top media service An over-the-top media service (also known as over-the-top television , or simply OTT )

420-509: The ISP is not responsible for the viewing abilities, copyrights, and/or other redistribution of the content from the OTT provider. This model contrasts with the purchasing or rental of video or audio content from an Internet service provider , such as pay television , video on demand and internet protocol television (IPTV). OTT refers to content from a third party that is delivered to an end-user, with

450-404: The ISP simply transporting IP packets. OTT television , commonly called streaming television , remains the most popular OTT content. This signal is received over the Internet or through a cell phone network, as opposed to receiving the television signal from a terrestrial broadcast or satellite. The video distributor controls access through an app, a separate OTT dongle, or a box connected to

480-455: The Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP)-based transmission path where the transmission path is provided by a person other than the OVD. An OVD does not include an MVPD inside its MVPD footprint or an MVPD to the extent it is offering online video programming as a component of an MVPD subscription to customers whose homes are inside its MVPD footprint. In broadcasting , over-the-top (OTT) content

510-613: The NCAA Committee on Infractions. Most of the participants in early national championship games have moved into Division I , the main catalyst for their moves being the creation of Division I-AA, now the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), in 1978 . The following Division II title game participants later moved to Division I: From 1964 to 1972, four regional bowl games were played in order to provide postseason action, however these games took place after

540-600: The NCAA, the NAIA , both, or neither. The AP began its poll in 1960. Since 1973, a post-season tournament has been held to determine the Division II Champion. The current format, in use since 2016, features 28 teams. They are organized into 4 super-regions of 7 teams each, with the top-seeded team in each super-region getting a bye during the first round. Prior to the championship game, all contests are hosted by

570-406: The OTT acquired licensed rights from the content owner. Programming may also include original content produced by the service or specifically for it. OTT services also include a range of "skinny" television offerings by streaming platforms, such as Sling TV and Hulu with Live TV , that provide live streams of specialty channels . OTT content is delivered via the public Internet instead of

600-662: The Saturday before Thanksgiving. Stillman College remained the Hornets' opponent for 2014. In August 2015, it was announced that the Alabama State-Tuskegee rivalry was to resume in 2017, with these games being held in early September and nicknamed the Labor Day Classic (ambiguously, since another black college football rivalry and Canadian college and professional football Labour Day games also use

630-538: The Thanksgiving Day schedule, with the game being carried over the top on ESPN+ . University of Arkansas–Pine Bluff served as the Hornets' opponent in 2022, upsetting the home team by staving off a comeback to win, 19–14. NOTE: no game in 2020. (*) Game was decided in overtime NCAA Division II National Football Championship The NCAA Division II football championship is an American college football tournament played annually to determine

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660-408: The contest two weeks beforehand and suspended its football program indefinitely due to the school's ongoing financial problems. Edward Waters College , an NAIA squad whom Alabama State had played once before in its history, agreed to take Cheyney's place on short notice. The 2018 Turkey Day Classic was contested by a conference rival, Mississippi Valley State University ; that university, which won

690-463: The end of each regular season by two major wire services , the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). In some years, the two polls named different number one teams. From 1964 to 1972, postseason bowl games crowned four regional champions. NCAA Division II bowl games still exist, but only as postseason contests for teams not qualifying for the championship playoffs. Polls to rank "small college" football teams were conducted by

720-617: The exception of 1978) the championship game carried a bowl designation (see NCAA Division II bowl games ). Since 2018, the championship game has been played at the McKinney ISD Stadium and Community Event Center in McKinney, Texas . Since 1994, the games have been broadcast on ESPN . Prior to 1973, for what was then called the NCAA College Division , national champions were selected by polls conducted at

750-659: The game on any of its outlets.) The 2019 game featured Prairie View A&M , another division rival, as the Hornets' Thanksgiving Day opponent; the Panthers became the second team other than Tuskegee or Alabama State to win with its 20–17 win over the Hornets. The 2020 game was effectively canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States , as both teams' member conferences cancelled all fall 2020 athletics. For 2021, Tuskegee returned to its traditional spot on

780-973: The higher-seeded team. the semi-final games are held at the home stadiums of the two highest-seeded remaining teams. Since 2018, the championship game has been played at the McKinney Independent School District Stadium , a 12,000 seat facility that opened in August 2018. Programs that no longer compete in Division II are indicated in italics . Of the programs that no longer compete in D-II, Akron , Central Michigan , Jacksonville State , Louisiana Tech , Texas State , Troy and Western Kentucky currently compete in Division I FBS. All others compete in Division I FCS. † Mississippi College's 1989 tournament participation, along with its championship, were vacated by

810-531: The name). For the 2015 season, Miles College participated in the November Hornet Homecoming. In March 2016, it was announced that the Turkey Day Classic would return to its traditional date of Thanksgiving Day, with Miles College returning as Alabama State's opponent. For the 2017 Turkey Day Classic, Alabama State was originally scheduled to host Cheyney University of Pennsylvania , a team it had never faced before, but Cheyney backed out of

840-495: The playoffs forced the cancellation of the Pioneer Bowl, but the Turkey Day Classic continued, with Stillman College serving as the opponent. In 2014, Alabama State announced it was officially discontinuing the Turkey Day Classic in order to give itself the option of participating in the Division I championship, should it qualify. For two years, the college held its homecoming on the penultimate Saturday of November; that is,

870-588: The video be downloaded first and then played. Relatedly, some OTT services require movie download but can start playing the content before the download completes ( streaming ). The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) categorizes OTT services into two groups: multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) and online video distributors (OVDs). Virtual MVPDs include such services such as DirecTV Stream , FuboTV , Sling TV , Hulu + Live TV and YouTube TV . The FCC defined an OVD as: any entity that provides video programming by means of

900-1001: Was broken again in 2023 with 59 million concurrent viewers during the ICC Cricket World Cup final on Disney+ Hotstar . Consumers can access OTT content through Internet-connected devices such as smart TVs , digital media players , gaming consoles , set-top boxes , desktop and laptop computers, tablets , and smartphones . The results of a 2018 in-house data analysis of their subscribers by Uscreen (a membership platform for video creators and entrepreneurs) reported that 45% used iOS and Android mobile devices to access their OTT content, while 39% used web browsers for streaming. The term "OTT" has also been used to describe no-carrier cellphones , for which all communications are charged as data, avoiding monopolistic competition , or apps for phones that transmit data in this manner, including both those that replace other call methods and those that update software. OTT messaging

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