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43-510: The islands' proximity to several major cities has made them a favourite tourist location. History and literature have ensured that most people are familiar with the islands of Elba and Montecristo . Legends says the archipelago originates from a necklace that Venus , the Roman goddess of beauty and sensuality, lost while emerging from the Tyrrhenian sea. In this myth, the seven islands are

86-472: A ConIFA member on 11 September 2021 against the Sicily Football Team scoring a 4–4 tie against them. Black-eared wheatear Black-eared wheatear has been split into the following 2 species: Western black-eared wheatear , Oenanthe hispanica Eastern black-eared wheatear , Oenanthe melanoleuca [REDACTED] Index of animals with

129-576: A Latin transliteration of the Greek word for "little goat" ( Ancient greek : Aigýllion , Αιγύλλιον ). Capraia is an Italian island , is the north-westernmost of the seven islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, and the third largest after Elba and Giglio ; it is also a comune (municipality) belonging to the Province of Livorno . The island has a population of about 400. Montecristo

172-532: A complex orography including the mountain Mount Capanne which favoured the preservation of the chestnut , the holm oak and the black alder mostly on the northern side. The main plant formations are those of shrubs of Erica , strawberry tree , Genisteae , mastic , Mediterranean buckthorn , myrtus and Phoenician juniper ; On Elba and Capraia the cork oak is present, while the Aleppo pine and

215-440: A normal rainfall. The island lies in the rain shadow of the large and mountainous island of Corsica, so precipitation totals are somewhat reduced from the mainland (most of the island receives less than 750 mm (30 inches) annually). Snowfall in winter is rare in the lowlands and melts quickly. The table below shows the average temperatures for the islands by month. The island was originally inhabited by Ligures Ilvates and

258-474: A slightly different account: "because the scrapings, which the Argonauts formed when they used their strigils , became congealed, the pebbles on the shore remain variegated still to this day." The port which is now called Porto Ferraio, was known in ancient times as the portus Argous (Ἀργῶος λιμήν), because it was believed that the Argonauts landed there on their return voyage. The island was then settled by

301-404: A total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba , Capoliveri , Marciana , Marciana Marina , Porto Azzurro , and Rio . It is famous for being the site of Napoleon 's first exile, from 1814 to 1815. Elba is the largest remaining stretch of land from

344-737: Is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany , Italy , 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino . The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago, Elba is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park and the third largest island in Italy , after Sicily and Sardinia . It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea , about 50 kilometres (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica . Isola del Giglio

387-470: Is an Italian island and comune situated in the Tyrrhenian Sea , off the coast of Tuscany , and is part of the Province of Grosseto . The island is one of seven that form the Tuscan Archipelago, lying within the Arcipelago Toscano National Park . Giglio means "lily" in Italian, and though the name would appear consistent with the insignia of Medici Florence , it derives from Aegilium , "Goat Island",

430-435: Is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea and part of the Tuscan Archipelago. Administratively it belongs to the municipality of Portoferraio in the province of Livorno , Italy . The island has an area of 10.39 km (4.01 sq mi) and is approximately 4.3 km (2.7 mi) wide at its widest point; the coasts are steep, and extend for 16 km (9.9 mi). The island is a state nature reserve and forms part of

473-404: Is common for the shorter ones to dry up during the summer. The largest rivers, sorted by length, are: Between Poggio and Marciana, at the foot of Mount Capanne, is a spring called Fonte Napoleone, known for its quality. The climate of the island is predominantly Mediterranean, except for Mount Capanne, where winters tend to be moderately cold. Precipitation is concentrated in autumn and comprises

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516-424: Is quite varied and is thus divided into several areas based on geomorphology . The mountainous and most recent part of the island can be found to the west, the centre of which is dominated by Mount Capanne (at a height of 1,018 metres, or 3,340 feet), also called the "roof of the Tuscan Archipelago". The mountain is home to many animal species including the mouflon and wild boar , two species that flourish despite

559-451: The comune of Grosseto and are placed in a nature reserve which makes part of a special protection area . Palmaiola is an islet placed in the middle of Piombino Channel, at 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Elba and 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Piombino ; it is part of the comune of Rio Marina . Meloria is a rocky skerry , surrounded by a shoal , off the Tuscan coast , in

602-809: The Alpine orogeny and the Apennine orogeny . The second of these two events was associated with subduction of the Tethyan oceanic crust underneath Italy and the obduction of parts of the ancient seafloor onto the continents. Later extension within the stretched inner part of the Apennine Mountains caused adiabatic melting and the intrusion of the Mount Capanne and the La Serra-Porto Azzuro granitoids. These igneous bodies brought with them skarn fluids which dissolved and replaced some of

645-696: The Appiani family , Lords of Piombino , when they sold Pisa to the house of Visconti of Milan in 1399. In 1544, the Barbary pirates from North Africa devastated Elba and the coasts of Tuscany. In 1546, part of the island was handed over to Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , who fortified Portoferraio and renamed it "Cosmopoli", while the rest of the island was returned to the Appiani in 1577. In 1596, Philip II of Spain captured Porto Longone and had two fortresses built there. This part of Elba came into

688-701: The Congress of Vienna , Elba was given to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . In 1860, it became part of the new unified Kingdom of Italy . During the Second World War , the island was liberated from German occupation by the French 1 Corps d'Armée supported by British forces including Royal Naval Commandos on 17 June 1944, in Opération Brassard . Faulty intelligence and strong defences made

731-709: The Etruscans , who started mining iron at Elba, and later (after 480 BC) by the Romans , who called the island Ilva. In the early medieval period , Elba was invaded by the Ostrogoths and the Lombards , and later it became a possession of the Republic of Pisa . After the battle of Meloria , the Republic of Genoa took possession of Elba, but it was regained by Pisa in 1292. The island was retained for two centuries by

774-592: The Italian Peninsula ; it is formed by seven islands and several islets and skerries which have different geological provenance as magmatic , sedimentary and metamorphic rocks . The origin of the archipelago dates to the Triassic period according to the type of the rocks. In the Quaternary the archipelago was related to the sea level fluctuations due to the glacial and interglacial periods; in

817-549: The Ligurian sea , 3.5 miles (5.6 kilometres) north-west of Livorno . Scoglietto di Portoferraio is a rocky skerry without vegetation placed in front of Portoferraio . It is a marine protected area since 1971, and from January 2014 it is a Site of Community Importance . The skerry is 150 metres (490 ft) long and 124 metres (407 ft) wide and it is placed at 1.36 kilometres (0.85 mi) from Punta Capo Bianco and 1.14 kilometres (0.71 mi) from Punta Falconaia . On

860-649: The Peace of Luneville gave Elba to the Kingdom of Etruria , and it was transferred to France in 1802 by the Peace of Amiens . The French Emperor Napoleon was exiled to Elba , after his forced abdication following the Treaty of Fontainebleau , and conveyed to the island on HMS Undaunted by Captain Thomas Ussher ; he arrived at Portoferraio on 4 May 1814. He was allowed to keep a personal guard of 400 men and

903-468: The Province of Grosseto . The Formiche di Grosseto ("Ants of Grosseto") is a group of islets which emerge sharply in the Tuscan Archipelago. They are located in open sea among the coast of the Natural Park of Maremma and Pianosa , approximately 13 nautical miles (24 km) from Porto Santo Stefano on Monte Argentario and 9.4 miles (15.1 km) from Marina di Grosseto ; they are part of

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946-569: The Tuscan Archipelago National Park . The small island of Pianosa , about 10.25 km (3.96 sq mi) in area, has a coastal perimeter of 26 km (16 mi), forms part of Italy 's Tuscan Archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea . Gorgona is the northernmost island in the Tuscan Archipelago. Between Corsica and Livorno , this diminutive island has been valued most for its wildlife , especially marine birds, and its isolation. The latter quality resulted in

989-693: The last glaciation the sea level fell 100 metres (330 feet), and Elba became a peninsula joined to the continent and to Pianosa. The Würm glaciation was followed by a warming phase, and the sea rose slowly to reach its current level. The archipelago is distinguished by some endemic taxa which are protected in order to avoid the loss of the biodiversity of fauna and flora . The most important are Oxychilus pilula of Capraia; and Oxychilus gorgonianus of Gorgona; Coenonympha corinna , Podarcis muralis colosi and Vipera aspis francisciredi of Elba; and Vipera aspis montecristi of Montecristo. 31 species of mammals, several introduced, are known from

1032-835: The maritime pine are widely spread on Elba and Gorgona. The endemic species of the archipelago are Centaurea aetalieae (eastern Elba), Centaurea gymnocarpa (Capraia), Centaurea ilvensis (western Elba), Crocus ilvensis (western Elba), Limonium doriae (Formica Grande), Limonium gorgonae (Gorgona), Limonium ilvae (Elba), Limonium planesiae (Pianosa), Limonium sommerierianum (Giglio, Giannutri and Montecristo), Linaria capraria (all main islands except for Giannutri), Romulea insularis (Capraia) and Silene capraria (Capraia). Endemic taxa of lower rank are Biscutella pichiana subsp. ilvensis (Elba), Festuca gamisansii subsp. aethaliae (Elba), Mentha requienii subsp. bistaminata (Montecristo and Capraia) and Viola corsica subsp. ilvensis (Elba). Elba

1075-430: The municipality of Campo nell'Elba . It is also part of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park . 42°45′N 10°18′E  /  42.750°N 10.300°E  / 42.750; 10.300 Elba Elba ( Italian : isola d'Elba , pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba] ; Latin : Ilva ) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany , Italy , 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on

1118-444: The shearwater and the rare Audouin's gull are common on all the islands. The archipelago has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of European nightjars , Scopoli's shearwaters , European shags , Audouin's gulls , Peregrine falcons , Moltoni's warblers , Marmora's warblers , Dartford warblers and black-eared wheatears . The rich productivity of

1161-478: The Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago . It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park , and the third largest island in Italy , after Sicily and Sardinia . It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica . The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with

1204-552: The Tuscan archipelago, with the greatest diversity on Elba, with 24 species. The introduction of the wild boar to Elba several years ago has caused problems regarding the conservation of some plant species. All the islands of the Tuscan Archipelago are a place where the migrant birds take a stop along their seasonal movement from north to south and vice versa; the favourite places are Gorgona, Palmaiola, Cerboli and Montecristo. The Falco peregrinus brookei nests on Elba and Capraia,

1247-705: The ancient tract that once connected the Italian peninsula to Corsica. The northern coast faces the Ligurian Sea, the eastern coast the Piombino Channel, the southern coast the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Corsica Channel divides the western tip of the island from neighbouring Corsica. The island itself is made up of slices of rocks which once formed part of the ancient Tethyan seafloor. These rocks have been through at least two orogenies ,

1290-454: The battle more difficult than expected. In 1954, BOAC Flight 781 crashed in the waters off the coast of Elba. In recent decades, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, cuisine and nature, the island has become an important international tourist destination. The island is connected to the mainland via the four ferry companies, Toremar , Moby Lines , Blunavy and Sardinia Ferries , all offering routes between Piombino and Portoferraio,

1333-486: The capital located in the north, Cavo , Rio Marina and Porto Azzurro, on the east coast of the island. There is an airport on the island, Marina di Campo Airport . It is served by Silver Air with flights to the Italian mainland. The island has a network of trails for road racers looking for more technical routes for their training, trails and dirt roads for bikers to have fun on, and accessible routes for families with children who need safe and relaxing routes. On

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1376-487: The carbonate units, precipitating iron -rich minerals in their place. One of the iron -rich minerals, ilvaite , was first identified on the island and takes its name from the Latin word for Elba. More recently, high-angle faults formed within the tectonic pile, allowing for the migration of iron -rich fluids through the crust. The deposits left behind by these fluids formed the island's rich seams of iron ore . The terrain

1419-410: The coastal waters provides habitats for various marine life, even dolphins and whales, including fin and sperm whales . The archipelago is characterized by a Mediterranean climate with high insolation all year round. The archipelago's flora differs from island to island; the smaller have a vegetation similar each other of macchia mediterranea and garrigue formed by evergreen plants. Elba has

1462-474: The continuous influx of tourists. The central part of the island is a mostly flat section with the width being reduced to just four kilometres (2.5 mi). It is where the major centres can be found: Portoferraio, Campo nell'Elba. To the east is the oldest part of the island, formed over 3 million years ago. In the hilly area, dominated by Monte Calamita, are the deposits of iron that made Elba famous. Rivers rarely exceed 3 km (2 mi) in length, and it

1505-658: The direct power of Spain through the State of the Presidi , including Porto Longone . In 1736, the sovereignty of this part of Elba was claimed by the Kingdom of Naples but remained abandoned. The British landed on the island of Elba in 1796, after the occupation of Livorno by the French Republican troops, to protect the 4,000 French royalists who had found asylum in Portoferraio two years earlier. In 1801,

1548-496: The foundation of Gorgona Abbey in the Middle Ages . After its closure, the monastery grounds and buildings were appropriated in 1869, at the foundation of an agricultural penal colony , which is currently in use. Giannutri is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the coast of Tuscany , Italy ; it is the southernmost island of the Tuscan Archipelago and it is a frazione of the comune of Isola del Giglio in

1591-544: The islet is an active lighthouse . Scoglio d'Africa (or Scoglio d'Affrica), also named Formica di Monte Cristo ("Monte Cristo's Ant"), is a solitary small skerry belonging to the Tuscan Archipelago located in open sea between Tyrrhenian Sea and Corsica Channel . It is located 18.5 kilometres (11.5 miles) west of the Island of Montecristo , 23.5 kilometres (14.6 miles) south of Pianosa Island and 43.1 kilometres (26.8 miles) east of Corsica . Administratively it belongs to

1634-418: The road from Rio nell'Elba going to Porto Azzurro is the "Fonte di Coppi". Towards the end of his career, Fausto Coppi , the "campionissimo", came here to train on the roads of Elba. He still retained a celebrity status but was no longer at the peak of his career that ended with his death a few years later. The plaque on the fountain reads: "1960–2010, here the champion quenched his thirst, after fifty years on

1677-704: The run". The Elba football team represents the island. They were approved as a ConIFA member at the Annual General Meeting 2020. It is not affiliated with FIFA or UEFA , and therefore cannot compete for the FIFA World Cup or in the UEFA European Championship . It is, however, affiliated to ConIFA , and play in the ConIFA European Football Cup . Elba Island played their first game as

1720-404: The seven pearls the goddess was unable to retrieve. The Tuscan Archipelago lies between Corsica and the Tuscan coast and contains seven major islands ( Capraia , Elba , Giannutri , Giglio , Gorgona , Montecristo and Pianosa ); all are protected as part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park . The Archipelago extends 166 kilometres (103 mi) from the northernmost island (Gorgona) to

1763-511: The southernmost (Giannutri) and 56 kilometres (35 mi) from the westernmost (Capraia) to the Tuscan coast. Main Islands (from north to south): There are several islets in the archipelago including: and skerries as: Others islets and skerries that are not part of the archipelago: The Tuscan Archipelago represents a region of correlation between the Sardinia - Corsica block and

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1806-661: Was called Ilva (Ἰλούα). It was well known from very ancient times for its iron resources and valued mines. The Greeks also called it Aethalia (Αἰθαλία or Αἰθάλεια) and Aethale (Αἰθάλη) from "smoky" (αἰθάλη), after the fumes of the metal producing furnaces. Apollonius of Rhodes mentions it in his epic poem Argonautica , describing that the Argonauts rested here during their travels. He writes that signs of their visit were still visible in his day, including skin-coloured pebbles that they dried their hands on and large stones which they used at discus. Strabo (5.2.6) presents

1849-441: Was nominally sovereign of Elba , a step down from Emperor of the French. However, the nearby sea was patrolled by the French and British navies to ensure he could not escape. During the months that he stayed on the island, Napoleon carried out a series of economic and social reforms to improve the quality of life. After staying for almost ten months, he managed to escape back to France on 26 February 1815 with about 1,000 men. At

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