Whāngai adoption , often referred to simply as whāngai (literally, "to nourish"), is a traditional method of open adoption among the Māori people of New Zealand.
19-505: Mateheke "Tweedie" Waititi (born 1985 or 1986) is a New Zealand film director and producer. The whāngai sister of Taika Waititi , she is best known for her work co-directing production company Matewa Media , which since 2016 has produced Māori language versions of Disney animated films. Mateheke Waititi, known as "Tweedie", was born on 1985 or 1986. She grew up in the Te Whānau-ā-Apanui community of Waihau Bay in
38-467: A normative system. This is being tested in the New Zealand judicial system through a few legal cases. For an interpretation of the conflicts between Tikanga Maori and Western/ Pākehā jurisprudence, see the case of the burial of James Takamore (2011). In the course of her judgement on that case, Chief Justice of New Zealand Sian Elias stated that "Māori custom according to tikanga is... part of
57-939: A script consultant on the LGBT film Rūrangi , to help develop authentic Māori storylines for the production. Waititi won the Department of Post Best New Zealand Film at the Show Me Shorts film festival in 2020, for producing the short film Daddy's Girl (Kōtiro) . The following year, she translated the song " Bathe in the River " (2006) by Hollie Smith into Māori, as a part of the Waiata / Anthems project. In 2022, Waititi produced two Māori language adaptations of Disney films: The Lion King (originally released 1994), released during Matariki , and Frozen (originally released 2013), released in 2022. Waititi directed and produced
76-471: Is that tikanga Māori 'controls interpersonal relationships' as it guides the interactions of meetings, and provides identity to individuals. Another view is through ethics , that tikanga Māori is a practised code of conduct . The word tikanga is derived from the Māori word tika meaning 'right' or 'correct' so it follows that it involves moral judgements about what is the right way of doing something. Speaking on
95-640: The Bay of Plenty . She is the first cousin of Taika Waititi , but as they were raised together through whāngai adoption , they consider each other siblings. Waititi studied film at the South Seas Film & Television School . In 2012, she worked as a language coach for the Rachel House -directed production of William Shakespeare 's Troilus and Cressida , performed in Māori . In 2017, Waititi formed
114-608: The Māori renaissance as well as acts of the New Zealand government including the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 and the Resource Management Act (1991) that include the need for separate consultation with local iwi (tribal) representatives. In March 2001, the New Zealand Law Commission released a report on the influence tikanga Māori on Pākehā (English) law conventions. On 2 July 2011,
133-560: The Waitangi Tribunal released its report into the Wai 262 claim, Ko Aotearoa Tēnei ("This is Aotearoa (New Zealand)"). The report considers more than 20 Government departments and agencies and makes recommendations as to reforms of "laws, policies or practices relating to health, education, science, intellectual property, indigenous flora and fauna, resource management, conservation, the Māori language, arts and culture, heritage, and
152-489: The Adoption Act of 1955, for example, which supported the idea of a complete break between birth and adoptive families. The whāngai system is still in use in more traditional Māori communities. Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993 provided a firmer legal basis for the practice, particularly in regards to inheritance law, and formalised whāngai as tikanga Māori (Māori customary practice). There are still some restrictions within
171-472: The English language version of the film, proposed the idea to Disney, who agreed and allowed Matewa Media to start work on the film. Moana Reo Māori was released in 2017, coinciding with Te Wiki o te Reo Māori (Māori Language Week) 2017. Waititi also translated the subtitles for her cousin's film Thor: Ragnarok into Māori, for the home media and aircraft release of the film. In 2020, Waititi worked as
190-494: The Love by Rochelle Umaga explores whāngai in modern New Zealand. Tikanga M%C4%81ori Tikanga is a Māori term for Māori law , customary law , attitudes and principles, and also for the indigenous legal system which all iwi abided by prior to the colonisation of New Zealand . Te Aka Māori Dictionary defines it as "customary system of values and practices that have developed over time and are deeply embedded in
209-554: The Māori version of Moana 2 , which uses the Tairāwhiti dialect. When it is released on 27 November 2024, it will be the first time ever that a Disney film is released in an Indigenous language at the same time as its English-language release. Waititi represents a range of Māori dialects in her adaptations. For The Lion King , different animals were represented with Waikato Tainui and Ngāi Tūhoe dialects. For Frozen , Waititi chose to represent southern Ngāi Tahu dialects, to match
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#1732802196937228-402: The involvement of Māori in the development of New Zealand’s positions on international instruments affecting indigenous rights." The second volume of the report contains a glossary of te reo Māori terms, including: An example of applied tikanga is an approach by Māori weavers in the gathering of traditional materials such as harakeke . One tikanga is to never cut the inside leaves of the plant,
247-580: The law regarding the rights of whāngai children which differ from those of legally adopted children. For instance, a child of a whāngai adoption cannot challenge a will under the Family Protection Act. Several well-known Māori have been brought up as tamaiti whāngai , among them operatic singer Inia Te Wiata , comedian Billy T. James , senior public servant Wira Gardiner , netballer Joline Henry , and former Governor-General of New Zealand Jerry Mateparae . The 2018 documentary Sharing
266-403: The local community and extended whānau is usually closely involved in the decision to adopt and in helping with the child's development. Whāngai may be temporary or permanent. The whāngai system developed before the development of New Zealand's current legal rules on adoption and fostering and operates parallel with it, but is recognised by New Zealand law. It does not follow the strictures of
285-501: The pertinence of tikanga as a legitimate legal system, scholar Carwyn Jones has argued that the Treaty of Waitangi "was signed within the context of Māori legal systems", and that tikanga is inextricably linked to the concept of mana . Scholars of Māori legal history view tikanga as having once been the law of the land. Lawyers view contemporary tikanga Māori through the lens of customary law, which comes from an authority rather than
304-461: The production company Matewa Media alongside filmmaker (and then wife of Taika Waititi) Chelsea Winstanley . The company was named for Waititi's grandmother Matewa Delamere (1926–1998). Waititi and Winstanley were inspired to create Māori language adaptations of Disney films while watching Waititi's toddlers watch Moana on repeat, and hoping that they would be able to experience the film in Māori. Taika Waititi, who had worked on an early draft of
323-434: The snowy atmosphere of the film. Wh%C4%81ngai Whāngai is a community process rather than a legal process, and usually involves a child being brought up by a close relative, either because his or her parents have died or because they are unable to look after the child. The adoptive parent is known as a matua whāngai , and the child is called a tamaiti whāngai . The child knows both its birth and whāngai parents, and
342-559: The social context". More broadly since the decline of tikanga Māori as New Zealand's "first law" in favour of English law , tikanga has often been defined as a concept incorporating practices and values from mātauranga Māori , or Māori knowledge. Tikanga is translated into the English language with a wide range of meanings—culture, custom, ethic, etiquette, fashion, formality, lore, manner, meaning, mechanism, method, protocol, and style. Māori scholar Hirini Moko Mead states that tikanga can be viewed from several perspectives. One view
361-427: The values of the New Zealand common law." Justice Joe Williams has written and studied tikanga and the New Zealand law. In his future vision there is a phase "when tikanga Māori fuses with New Zealand’s common law tradition to form a hybrid law of Aotearoa that could be developed by judges, case by base." From about the 1980s the word tikanga began to appear in common New Zealand English . This can be attributed to
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