136-454: Dame Lesley Lawson ( née Hornby ; born 19 September 1949), widely known by the nickname Twiggy , is an English model, actress, and singer. She was a British cultural icon and a prominent teenage model during the swinging '60s in London. Twiggy was initially known for her thin build and the androgynous appearance considered to result from her big eyes, long eyelashes, and short hair. She
272-640: A Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to fashion, to the arts and to charity. Her appointment appeared in The London Gazette under her married name, Lesley Lawson. Twiggy married American actor Michael Witney in 1977. Their daughter, Carly, was born in 1978. They remained married until his death in 1983 from a heart attack. She met Leigh Lawson in 1984. In 1988, they worked on
408-512: A 19-year-old in the radio play Elevenses with Twiggy , for BBC Radio 4 's The Afternoon Play series. She did not return to America's Next Top Model in its tenth season due to scheduling conflicts. Her replacement was model Paulina Porizkova . Also in 2007, Sepia Records released a previously shelved album, Heaven in My Eyes ["Discotheque"] , that Twiggy recorded in 1979, produced by Donna Summer and Juergen Koppers. In 2008, she supported
544-483: A brilliant social satire, critiquing class structures and the courtship rituals of Regency England , and remains one of the most beloved novels in British Literature . Lord Byron ’s Don Juan (1819–1824) is a satirical epic poem that details the adventures of the legendary lover, displaying Byron's wit, irony, and irreverence toward societal norms. Sir Walter Scott ’s Waverley (1814), widely considered
680-558: A famous guest (called a " castaway ") chooses eight pieces of music, a book and a luxury item that they would take with them to a desert island. Currently presented by Lauren Laverne , it is the longest running music radio programme in British history. The idea for a Christmas message was conceived by one of the founders of the BBC. Delivered annually by the monarch, it was first broadcast on BBC Radio in 1932. An alternative Christmas message
816-481: A few test head shots. A professional photographer Barry Lategan took several photos for Leonard, which the hairdresser hung in his salon. Deirdre McSharry, a fashion journalist from the Daily Express , saw the images and asked to meet the young girl. McSharry arranged to have more photos taken. A few weeks later, the publication featured an article and images of Hornby, declaring her "The Face of '66". In it,
952-536: A landmark collection, emphasizing the beauty of nature and the primacy of emotion, and marking the official start of the Romantic Movement . Mary Shelley ’s Frankenstein (1818), one of the earliest science fiction novels, delves into themes of creation, responsibility, and the consequences of unchecked scientific ambition, framed within Gothic conventions. Jane Austen ’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) offered
1088-628: A large number of national and local radio stations which cover a great variety of programming. The most listened to stations are the five main national BBC radio stations. BBC Radio 1 , a new music station aimed at the 16–24 age group. BBC Radio 2 , a varied popular music and chat station aimed at adults is consistently highest in the ratings. BBC Radio 4 , a varied talk station, is noted for its news, current affairs , drama and comedy output as well as The Archers , its long running soap opera, and other unique programmes, including Desert Island Discs (1942–present), an interview programme in which
1224-474: A leading figure in early British journalism. The Romantic Period was marked by a revival of poetry and a focus on emotion, nature, and individualism, responding to the growing rationalism of the Enlightenment. This era gave rise to many literary works that explored the tension between reason and imagination. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge ’s Lyrical Ballads (1798) is considered
1360-608: A lyrical drama, explores themes of rebellion, tyranny, and human freedom, standing as one of his most radical and imaginative works. Robert Burns , the famed Scottish poet, revived interest in Scots literature with works such as Auld Lang Syne , which celebrated the vernacular tradition. Lastly, Mary Wollstonecraft ’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) stands as one of the earliest and most influential works of feminist philosophy, advocating for women's education and equal rights in
1496-584: A male-dominated society. Although primarily associated with the Victorian Era , Lewis Carroll ’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) emerged from the later part of this broader Romantic tradition, blending imaginative fantasy with playful wordplay. This whimsical novel follows young Alice's journey through a dreamlike world populated by peculiar characters, exploring themes of logic, absurdity, and identity. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland remains
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#17327728468691632-448: A model. Twiggy was soon seen in all the leading fashion magazines, commanding fees of £ 80 an hour, bringing out her own line of clothes called "Twiggy Dresses" in 1967, and taking the fashion world by storm. "I hated what I looked like," she said once, "so I thought everyone had gone stark raving mad." Twiggy's look centred on three qualities: her stick-thin figure, a boyishly short haircut and strikingly dark eyelashes. Her signature look
1768-671: A more diverse cultural landscape through higher levels of immigration. Furthermore, following the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and EU enlargement in 2004 and 2007, the UK experienced a significant rise in immigration from Eastern Europe . Today, the UK has a sizable immigrant population, and encompasses the cultures of British people from various backgrounds, with South Asian , Continental European , African and Caribbean descent being most prevalent. First spoken in early medieval England ,
1904-423: A new outlook on the way she dressed and the way she wore her hair; she began wearing a beret, longer skirts, and flowers as the hippie look was beginning to take over London. Ken and Twiggy worked on a film together, called The Boy Friend (1971), after watching a performance of the original musical, staged by Ken's mother's amateur dramatics group. Twiggy then embarked on an acting and singing career, starring in
2040-734: A number of popular characters in children's animation, including The Wind in the Willows (based on the children's book by Kenneth Grahame ), Danger Mouse and Count Duckula . Other children's shows include Where's Wally? (a series based on books by author Martin Handford where readers are challenged to find Wally who is hidden in the group), Dennis the Menace and Gnasher , while Thunderbirds and Terrahawks by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson have been praised for creating Supermarionation . Debuting in 1982, The Snowman (featuring
2176-613: A pastoral turn under the influence of the British folk revival . Examplars of this period are Ralph Vaughan Williams ' English Folk Song Suite , and Sir Alexander Mackenzie 's Scottish Rhapsodies . Modern and contemporary classical music takes a variety of forms. Composers such as Benjamin Britten developed idiosyncratic and avant-garde styles, while the likes of William Walton produced more conventional ceremonial and patriotic music. The UK now has several major orchestras, including
2312-578: A pioneering work of literary nonsense, captivating readers with its inventive narrative and surreal exploration of the boundaries between reality and imagination. The late Georgian Era and Victorian era saw a renewed focus on the novel. A key theme of these novels was social commentary. Early in the period Jane Austen satirised the lifestyle of the gentry and nobility, while the later novels of Charles Dickens often used humour and keen observations to criticise poverty and social stratification. One of his novels, Oliver Twist describes Victorian Times and
2448-475: A resurgence as black British musicians created new fusions such as Acid Jazz . Indie rock was a reaction to the perceived saturation of the music industry by pop, exemplified by Stock Aitken Waterman 's domination of the charts. This continued in the 1990s, as boy bands , all-female and mixed groups dominated the singles chart, while the Madchester scene helped drive alternative rock and Britpop to
2584-498: A significant film industry for over a century. While many films focus on British culture, British cinema is also marked by its interaction and competition with American and continental European cinema . The UK was the location of the oldest surviving moving picture, Roundhay Garden Scene (1888), which was shot in Roundhay , Leeds by French inventor Louis Le Prince , while the first British film, Incident at Clovelly Cottage
2720-466: A similar impact on musical theatre with their comic operas . The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre was opened in Shakespeare's birthplace Stratford upon Avon in 1879 and Herbert Beerbohm Tree founded an Academy of Dramatic Art at Her Majesty's Theatre in 1904. The early twentieth century was dominated by drawing-room plays produced by the likes of Noël Coward , which were then challenged by
2856-539: A stir with the media and public. A website campaign set up by Jo Swinson, the Scottish Liberal Democrat MP, attracted 700 individual complaints. Procter & Gamble admitted to minor retouching and replaced the image. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) announced that the ad gave a "misleading" impression, but that no further action was required because the image had already been withdrawn. Its announcement said: However, we considered that
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#17327728468692992-782: A supporting role in Madame Sousatzka opposite her second husband, Leigh Lawson. In 1989, she was cast as Hannah Chaplin , mother to Charles, in the British television movie Young Charlie Chaplin , aired in the United States on PBS' WonderWorks . In 1991, she co-starred in her first American network dramatic television series, the short-lived CBS sitcom Princesses . Of eight episodes completed, only five aired. (Her Princesses co-star, Fran Drescher , later spent some time with Twiggy and her family in England while developing Drescher's hit series The Nanny , and modelled
3128-576: A time when teen-age spending power was never greater," said Su Dalgleish, fashion correspondent for the Daily Mail . "With that underdeveloped, boyish figure, she is an idol to the 14- and 15-year-old kids. She makes virtue of all the terrible things of gawky, miserable adolescence." At the height of her fame, Mark Cohen, president of Leeds Women's shop, had an even harsher view: "Her legs remind me of two painted worms." Yet Twiggy had her supporters. Diana Vreeland of Vogue stated, "She's no flash in
3264-539: A variety of minority interest programming. The BBC and Channel 4 are state-owned, though they operate independently. Launched in 1955, ITV is the oldest commercial television network in the UK. Director Ridley Scott 's evocative 1973 Hovis bread television commercial captured the public imagination. Filmed on Gold Hill, Shaftesbury in Dorset, Scott's advert was voted the UK's favourite television advertisement of all time in 2006. Other notable British commercials include
3400-570: A variety of roles on stage and screen, and recording albums. In 1971 she made her film debut as an extra, dressed as a male courtier, in Ken Russell 's The Devils . The same year, she performed her first leading role as Polly Browne in Russell's adaptation of Sandy Wilson 's pastiche of 1920s hit musicals, The Boy Friend (1971). This marked her initial collaboration with Tommy Tune and won her two Golden Globe Awards in 1972 ( New Star of
3536-645: A version of Richard Marx 's " Right Here Waiting " featuring duet vocals with the American songwriter himself. In 2012, she worked alongside Marks & Spencer's designers to launch an exclusive clothing collection for the M&;S Woman range. In 2016, archive images of Twiggy, alongside images of Shrimpton and Jane Birkin , were used for Tod's Fall/Winter campaign. On 22 November 2022, actress and filmmaker Sadie Frost teamed up with Twiggy to create an interactive virtual documentary about Twiggy's life. On 16 May 2023,
3672-612: A viable British popular music industry. Genres such as beat and British blues were re-exported to America by bands such as the Beatles and Rolling Stones , in a move that came to be called the British Invasion . The 1960s saw the development of heavy metal in Birmingham and the wider area. The development of blues rock helped differentiate rock and pop music, leading to the emergence of several sub-genres of rock in
3808-462: A young woman's quest for independence against the rigid structures of Victorian society . The three Brontë sisters and George Eliot commented on Northern England and the Midlands respectively, though all four women wrote under male pen names during their lifetimes, partly to deflect anti-feminist criticism. Nevertheless, openly female authors achieved considerable success in the period, such as
3944-460: Is Jean Shrimpton , whom Twiggy considers to be the world's first supermodel. She has said she based her "look" on Pattie Boyd . Twiggy herself has been described as the successor to Shrimpton. In January 1966, aged 16, she had her hair coloured and cut short in London at Leonard of Mayfair , owned by celebrity hairdresser Leonard. The hair stylist was looking for models on whom to try out his new crop haircut and he styled her hair in preparation for
4080-557: Is an English folk dance known to have existed at least as early as the mid-15th century. The bagpipes have long been a national symbol of Scotland, and the Great Highland Bagpipe is widely recognised. The English and Scottish Popular Ballads , are ballads of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century, demonstrating great regional variety, particularly local traditions such as
4216-482: Is an important part of British culture, and numerous sports originated in their organised, modern form in the country including cricket , football , boxing , tennis and rugby . The UK has been described as a "cultural superpower", and London has been described as a world cultural capital. A global opinion poll for the BBC saw the UK ranked the third most positively viewed nation in the world (behind Germany and Canada) in 2013 and 2014. Throughout its history,
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4352-477: Is considered to be classic piece of literature, and The Man Who Would Be King are both set in British India , showcasing the cultural and political impact of British rule in the region. His poem If— famously captures the concept of the “stiff upper lip,” a British ideal of stoicism and self-discipline. Additionally, The White Man’s Burden conveys a white supremacist and imperialist perspective, encouraging
4488-641: Is famous for its arts and crafts "makes". The show has been a staple for generations of British children. Popular live action TV shows include The Borrowers (based on Mary Norton books on little people), The Adventures of Black Beauty , The Famous Five (based on Enid Blyton books), The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (based on the C. S. Lewis novel), and Pride and Prejudice (starring Colin Firth as Mr. Darcy ). The actor David Jason has voiced
4624-767: Is hailed as one of the first true novels in English literature. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman is an experimental novel. Also linked to the Augustan period is Samuel Johnson 's A Dictionary of the English Language . Published in 1755, it was viewed as the pre-eminent British Dictionary until the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary 150 years later. Each word defined in detail, with descriptions of their various uses and numerous literary quotes as illustrations. This
4760-510: Is known as the Augustan Age and included the development of the novel. Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Moll Flanders (1722) are often seen as the first English novels. Alongside these works, poetry also flourished, with notable examples such as The Rape of the Lock (1712) by Alexander Pope , a mock-heroic poem that satirized the social mores of the time. However,
4896-560: Is noted for its chaotic, nihilistic humour and violent comedy slapstick. Steve Coogan created the character Alan Partridge , a tactless and inept television presenter who often insults his guests and whose inflated sense of celebrity drives him to shameless self-promotion. Da Ali G Show starred Sacha Baron Cohen as a faux-streetwise poseur Ali G from west London, who would conduct real interviews with unsuspecting people, many of whom are celebrities, during which they are asked absurd and ridiculous questions. Animator Nick Park created
5032-491: Is often found in literature, for example Emily Brontë 's novel Wuthering Heights contains Yorkshire dialect. The United Kingdom inherited the literary traditions of England, Scotland and Wales. These include Arthurian literature and its Welsh origins, Norse-influenced Old English literature , the works of English authors Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare , and Scots works such as John Barbour 's The Brus . The early 18th century period of British literature
5168-596: Is often quoted in other biographies. In her 1998 book Twiggy In Black and White , she says that she met Justin through his brother, when she worked as a Saturday girl at a hairdressers in London. This is where she began to see the models in the magazines, but never thought she could do something like that. Jean Shrimpton was her idol, so she grew her hair long to look like her, before having to have it cut off for her headshots by Barry Lategan . Ten years her senior, De Villeneuve managed her lucrative career for seven years, overseeing her finances and enterprises during her heyday as
5304-622: Is particularly esteemed. The modern novel was developed in Britain, and playwrights, poets, and authors are among its most prominent cultural figures. Britain has also made notable contributions to music , cinema , art , architecture and television . The UK is also the home of the Church of England , the state church and mother church of the Anglican Communion , the third-largest Christian denomination. Britain contains some of
5440-731: Is the Standard English accent in England and Wales, while in Scotland Scottish Standard English is a distinct dialect. Although these accents have a high social prestige , since the 1960s a greater permissiveness toward regional English varieties has taken hold in education. The great variety of British accents is often noted, with nearby regions often having highly distinct dialects and accents, for example there are large differences between Scouse and Mancunian despite Liverpool and Manchester being only 35 miles (56 km) apart. Dialectal English
5576-634: Is the pub in EastEnders , and the Woolpack in ITV's Emmerdale . The pub being a prominent setting in the three major television soap operas reflects the role pubs have as the focal point of the community in many towns and villages across the UK. Espionage and detective shows have long been a staple of British television, such as the 1960s series The Avengers featuring lady spy adventurer and cultural (and feminist) icon Emma Peel . The United Kingdom has
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5712-474: The Daily Express under the headline 'The Face of '66 ' " than with his promotional efforts. She has stated several times that she is only really remembered for her modelling career although it was "only a short part of my life". She began to develop a film interest through her weekly visits to Ken Russell 's house; they would watch old films together, which featured Greta Garbo , Clark Gable , and other Hollywood actors and actresses. This began to give Twiggy
5848-663: The BBC Symphony Orchestra , and the Philharmonia , while the establishment of the Opera North in 1977 sought to redress the balance of operatic institutions away from London. There are several classical festivals, such as Aldeburgh and Glydebourne , while the BBC Proms are an important annual fixture in the classical calendar. Popular commercial music in Britain can be traced back at least as far as
5984-574: The Birmingham Triennial Music Festival , which was the longest running classical music festival of its kind until the final concerts in 1912. Beyond this, the establishment of the London Philharmonic Society in 1813, Royal Academy of Music in 1822, and Irish Academy of Music in 1848 aided the professionalisation of British classical music and patronage of composers. The Philharmonic Society
6120-860: The Border ballads , which include the particularly influential Ballad of Chevy Chase . British folk groups, such as Fairport Convention , have drawn heavily from these ballads. Similarly, while the national anthem " God Save the King " and other patriotic songs such as " Rule, Britannia! " represent the United Kingdom, each of the four individual countries of the UK has its own patriotic hymns. For example, Jerusalem , Flower of Scotland , Land of My Fathers , and Danny Boy pertain exclusively to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland respectively. These songs are often used at sporting events where each nation competes individually. Britain has had
6256-900: The Bristol Old Vic Theatre School . He was called up for national service with the RAF and it was during this period that he discovered photography. He returned to South Africa in 1959 and assisted the Cape Town photographer Ginger Oads. He returned to London in 1961. In a comparison with David Bailey Lategan was described as 'the Gainsborough of fashion photography' to Bailey's Hogarth. He has photographed Princess Anne , Paul McCartney , Linda McCartney , Iman , Germaine Greer , Calvin Klein , Margaret Thatcher , Sol Campbell , John Major , and Salman Rushdie . He
6392-649: The British Film Institute consider the best and second-best British films respectively. Laurence Olivier 's 1948 Hamlet was the first British film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture . The 1950s saw a focus on popular domestic topics such as comedies, including the enduring Carry On series, and World War II epics such as The Dam Busters . At the end of the decade Hammer Films took advantage of relaxed censorship laws to begin their series of successful horror films. The beginning of
6528-640: The English language is the de facto official language of the UK, and is spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the British population . Seven other languages are recognised by the British Government under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages – Welsh , Scottish Gaelic , Scots , Cornish , Irish , Ulster Scots , and British Sign Language . In Wales, all pupils at state schools must either be taught through
6664-492: The Royal Albert Hall in London. The concert was filmed and produced by Tony Klinger and released to cinemas in 1976. In November 1976, she made an appearance on The Muppet Show , in which she sang the Beatles song, " In My Life ". In 1976, she signed to Mercury Records and released the albums Twiggy and Please Get My Name Right , that contained both pop and country tunes. Twiggy sold very well, peaking on
6800-606: The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic in 1840, Manchester-based Hallé in 1858, the Scottish Orchestra in 1891 and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra in 1920. The most notable trend in classical music at the turn of the century was the nationalistic trend that developed. This was initially seen in works like The Masque at Kenilworth , which reconstructed an Elizabethan masque, but later took
6936-599: The Scottish Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official language of Scotland and required the creation of a national plan for Gaelic to provide strategic direction for the development of the Gaelic language. The Cornish language is a revived language that became extinct as a first language in Cornwall in the late 18th century. Dialects and regional accents vary heavily amongst the four countries of
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#17327728468697072-513: The Wallace and Gromit characters at Aardman Animations studio in Bristol. They feature in A Grand Day Out (1989), The Wrong Trousers (1993) and A Close Shave (1995), which all have 100% positive ratings on the aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, while A Matter of Loaf and Death was the most watched television programme in the UK in 2008. Aardman also produce the kid's show Shaun
7208-757: The West End , London's major theatre district. The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in the City of Westminster dates back to 1663, making it the oldest London theatre, however the Theatre Royal at the Bristol Old Vic is the oldest continually-operating theatre in the English speaking world, opening in 1768. The musicals of Andrew Lloyd Webber have dominated the West End since the late 20th century, leading him to be dubbed "the most commercially successful composer in history". A National Theatre of Scotland
7344-526: The Yorkshire TV production of Pygmalion . In 1983, she made her Broadway debut in the musical My One and Only , starring and co-staged by Tommy Tune , for which she earned a Tony nomination. She played opposite Robin Williams in the 1986 comedy Club Paradise . In 1987, she played a vaudeville performer in the British television special The Little Match Girl , and in 1988, she appeared in
7480-420: The kitchen sink realism and absurdist drama influenced by Irishman Samuel Beckett in the 1950s and 60s. Conversely 1952 saw the first performance of Agatha Christie 's The Mousetrap , a drawing-room murder mystery that has seen over 25,000 performances and is the longest-running West End show . At the same time the performing arts theatre Sadler's Wells , under Lilian Baylis , nurtured talent that led to
7616-609: The trenches . Initially idealistic and patriotic in tone, as the war progressed the tone of the movement became increasingly sombre and pacifistic. The beginning of the twentieth century also saw the Celtic Revival stimulate a new appreciation of traditional Irish literature , while the Scottish Renaissance brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and Scots. The English novel developed in
7752-567: The "Fashion Targets Breast Cancer" campaign in support of Breakthrough Breast Cancer , alongside fellow celebrities – comedian Alan Carr , singer Natalie Imbruglia , actress Anna Friel , and broadcaster Edith Bowman . She also appeared in Marks & Spender's 2008 Christmas ad campaign alongside Myleene Klass , Lily Cole , and others. In the summer of 2009, the beauty products company Olay debuted its "Definity Eye Cream" campaign depicting Twiggy. Accusations of airbrushing created
7888-487: The 1960s saw the British New Wave style develop, influenced by its French counterpart, that sought to depict a wider strata of society in a realistic manner. The 1960s also saw renewed American financial interest in British film, which particularly manifested itself in the development of historical epics , such as Best Picture winners Lawrence of Arabia and A Man for All Seasons ; spy thrillers , including
8024-533: The 1960s, engaging users with interactive elements based on Twiggy's memories of the time. A jukebox musical based on Twiggy's life titled Twiggy The Musical was written and directed by Ben Elton and had its world premiere at the Menier Chocolate Factory, London in September 2023 (originally as Close-Up: The Twiggy Musical ). It will tour the UK from September 2025. She was appointed
8160-473: The 1970s. Glam rock was a particularly British genre that emphasised outrageous costumes, while the end of the decade saw the rise of punk , new wave , and post-punk bands. The influence of immigration could also be seen in the increased prominence of World music , particularly Jamaican music . The 1980s were a successful decade in British pop, as a second British Invasion was witnessed and new technology enabled genres such as synthpop to form. Jazz saw
8296-420: The 1989 British Airways face advertisement , the 2005 noitulovE advert for Guinness , the 2007 Gorilla advertisement by Cadbury chocolate featuring a gorilla playing drums with Phil Collins' track " In the Air Tonight " playing in the background, and a 2013 advert for Galaxy chocolate bar featuring a computer-generated image of Audrey Hepburn . Christmas commercials are screened from early November in
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#17327728468698432-513: The 1990s, and the success of Four Weddings and a Funeral saw romantic comedies rise in popularity. Merchant Ivory Productions , boosted by the Oscars success of the previous decade's period pieces, continued to produce films in the same vein. American studios also began to base the production of Hollywood films in the UK, encouraged by tax incentives. 1996's Trainspotting led to increased interest in regional, particularly Scottish, cinema. While American-funded films continued their influence in
8568-462: The 2010s, domestic European co-productions also received acclaim. The Queen was British-French production for which Helen Mirren won Best Actress, while the UK Film Council funded The King's Speech , which won Best Picture in 2011. Asian British cinema has risen in prominence since 1999, when East is East was a mainstream success on a low budget. The UK has been at the forefront of developments in film, radio and television. Broadcasting in
8704-497: The 20th century into much greater variety and it remains today the dominant English literary form. The contemporary British literary scene is marked by awards such as the Booker Prize , created in 1969, and festivals including the Welsh Hay Festival , held since 1988. The prominent status of children's literature in the UK was demonstrated in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , which contained sequence dedicated to prominent children's literary characters. In 2003
8840-420: The BBC carried out a British survey entitled The Big Read in order to find the "nation's best-loved novel", with works by English novelists J. R. R. Tolkien , Jane Austen , Philip Pullman , Douglas Adams and J. K. Rowling making up the top five on the list. More than 75% of the British public read at least one book annually. The UK is also among the largest publishers of books. As of 2017 , six firms in
8976-430: The British Empire. As a result of the British Empire, significant British influence can be observed in the language, law, culture and institutions of its former colonies, most of which are members of the Commonwealth of Nations . A subset of these states form the Anglosphere , and are among Britain's closest allies. British colonies and dominions influenced British culture in turn, particularly British cuisine . Sport
9112-420: The British magazine programme This Morning . In 2003, she released another album, Midnight Blue . Seventeen of the CD's 20 tracks had previously unreleased material from 1982 to 1990, including a duet with Leo Sayer , "Save the Last Dance for Me", and a cover of the Rolling Stones ' "Ruby Tuesday". Two of the tracks ("Feel Emotion" and "Diamond") had been issued as singles in the mid-1980s. In 2005, she joined
9248-403: The Sheep . One of the most popular children's shows originating in the UK is Thomas & Friends (based on The Railway Series books by Wilbert Awdry ), which has become the number one licensed preschool property in the world. Other popular children's shows include Postman Pat , Fireman Sam , Teletubbies , Bob the Builder and Peppa Pig First airing in 1958, Blue Peter
9384-466: The Twiggy "phenomenon" in 1967, with the New Yorker devoting nearly 100 pages to the subject." That year she became an international sensation, modelling in France , Japan and America , and landing the cover of Paris Vogue in May, the cover of US Vogue three times, in April, July and November, and the cover of British Vogue in October. In 1967, an editorial on page 63 of the edition of 15 March of Vogue described her as an "extravaganza that makes
9520-414: The UK charts at No. 33, and gave Twiggy a silver disc for good sales. The album contains Twiggy's top-20 hit single, "Here I Go Again". "Please Get My Name Right" made it to No. 35 in 1977. The single, " A Woman in Love ", failed to chart for Twiggy in 1977 but was a hit for the Three Degrees in 1979. Twiggy also sang some of the songs in the first volume of Captain Beaky and His Band in 1977. In 1978,
9656-517: The UK has historically been dominated by the taxpayer-funded but independently run British Broadcasting Corporation (commonly known as the BBC ), although other independent radio and television ( ITV , Channel 4 , Five ) and satellite broadcasters (especially BSkyB which has over 10 million subscribers) have become more important in recent years. BBC television, and the other three main television channels are public service broadcasters who, as part of their licence allowing them to operate, broadcast
9792-646: The UK, with campaigns including the John Lewis Christmas advert for the department store chain. International football tournaments, such as the World Cup , are historically the most viewed sports events among the public, while Match of the Day is the most popular weekly football show. The 1966 FIFA World Cup Final and the Funeral of Princess Diana are the two most watched television events ever in
9928-554: The UK-based charity Thomas Coram Foundation for Children . The campaign was launched by crafting company Stampin' Up! UK, and the cards were auctioned off on eBay during May 2014. Albums Singles Culture of the United Kingdom Modern ethnicities The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by its combined nations' history ; its historically Christian religious life , its interaction with
10064-412: The UK. Satire has been a prominent feature in British comedy for centuries. The British satire boom of the 1960s, which consisted of writers and performers such as Peter Cook , Dudley Moore , Alan Bennett , David Frost and Jonathan Miller , has heavily influenced British television, including the sketch comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus created in 1969 by Monty Python . Regarded as
10200-409: The United Kingdom , as well as within the countries themselves. This is partially the result of the long history of immigration to the UK, for example Northern English dialects contain many words with Old Norse roots. Scottish English , Welsh English , and Hiberno-Irish are varieties of English distinct from both English English and the native languages of those countries. Received Pronunciation
10336-840: The United Kingdom rank among the world's biggest publishers of books in terms of revenue: Bloomsbury , Cambridge University Press , Informa , Oxford University Press , Pearson , and RELX Group . From its formation in 1707 the United Kingdom has had a vibrant tradition of theatre, much of it inherited from England, Scotland and Wales. The Union of the Crowns coincided with the decline of highbrow and provocative Restoration comedy in favour of sentimental comedy, domestic tragedy such as George Lillo's The London Merchant (1731), and by an overwhelming interest in Italian opera. Popular entertainment became more important in this period than ever before, with fair-booth burlesque and mixed forms that are
10472-518: The United States, by Rudi Gernreich . Twiggy has been photographed by such noted photographers as Cecil Beaton , Richard Avedon , Melvin Sokolsky , Ronald Traeger , Bert Stern , Norman Parkinson , Annie Leibovitz and Steven Meisel . Twiggy and the magazines featuring her image polarised critics from the start. Her boyishly thin image was, and still is, criticised for allegedly promoting an "unhealthy" body ideal for women. "Twiggy came along at
10608-595: The Year – Actress and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy ). Also in 1971, Twiggy released the single "Zoo de Zoo Zong", written by Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway and credited to Twiggy and Friends. In 1974, she made her West End stage debut in Cinderella ; made a second feature, the thriller W (co-starring with her future husband Michael Witney ); and hosted her own British television series Twiggs (later renamed Twiggy ). In 1973, she appeared with David Bowie on
10744-416: The album features versions of such compositions as " Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered ", " Blue Moon ", " My Funny Valentine ", " Someone to Watch Over Me " and " They Can't Take That Away from Me ", and London anthem " Waterloo Sunset ". The album also includes a guest vocal appearance by Twiggy's daughter, Carly Lawson, on Neil Young 's " Only Love Can Break Your Heart ", a guitar solo by Bryan Adams , and
10880-615: The ancestors of the English music hall . These forms flourished at the expense of other forms of English drama, which went into a long period of decline. In Scotland the opposite occurred, with the emergence of specifically Scottish plays including John Home's Douglas and the works of Walter Scott , which included original plays as well as adaptations of his Waverley novels. The late 19th century saw revival of English theatre with arrival of Irishmen George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde , who influenced domestic English drama and revitalised it. Their contemporaries Gilbert and Sullivan had
11016-463: The biggest commercial radio stations in the UK. Barry Lategan Barry Lategan (7 January 1935 – 11 August 2024) was a South Africa-born fashion, editorial and commercial photographer, best known for his discovery of, and early work with, Twiggy and for British Vogue and Italian Vogue . Lategan was born on 7 January 1935 in South Africa, and came to Britain in 1955 to study at
11152-556: The biographical stage revue Noel and Gertie at Bay Street Theatre in Sag Harbor , Long Island . In 1999, she returned to the New York stage in an off-Broadway production, If Love Were All , a revised version of Noel and Gertie , written and directed by Leigh Lawson; what set this edition apart were its tap numbers in period style. She starred as Gertrude Lawrence opposite Harry Groener 's Noël Coward. In 2001, Twiggy co-hosted
11288-484: The cast of the television show America's Next Top Model for Cycles 5–9 as one of four judges, and a year later, she appeared on the cover of the "Icons" issue of Swindle magazine . She also returned to modelling, fronting a major television, press, and billboard campaign for Marks & Spencer , the British department-store chain. Her involvement in the advertising campaign has been credited for Marks and Spencer's successful revival. In 2006, she portrayed herself as
11424-614: The character Maxwell Sheffield on Twiggy's husband Leigh Lawson.) In 1993, Twiggy appeared alongside Mark Hamill in the short segment "Eye" from the made-for-cable horror anthology Body Bags . In 1994, Twiggy guest-starred in the first ever Heartbeat Christmas special (in series 4), playing Lady Janet Whitley. In 1997, Twiggy acted in the Chichester Festival Theatre revival of Noël Coward 's Blithe Spirit . A year later, she played Gertrude Lawrence in
11560-419: The colonial domination of non-European peoples under the guise of a civilizing mission. Kipling's works, while celebrated for their literary qualities, remain controversial for their imperialist themes. World War I gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen , Siegfried Sassoon , and Rupert Brooke , who wrote (often paradoxically ) of their expectations of war, and their experiences in
11696-625: The company's successful revival at that time. Lesley Hornby was born on 19 September 1949 and raised in Neasden (originally in Middlesex , now a suburb of north-west London ). She was the third daughter of Nellie Lydia ( née Reeman), a factory worker for a printing firm, and William Norman Hornby, a master carpenter and joiner from Lancashire. Their first daughter, Shirley, had been born 15 years earlier; their second, Vivien, had been born 7 years earlier. According to Twiggy, her maternal grandfather
11832-652: The copy read: "The Cockney kid with a face to launch a thousand shapes... and she's only 16". Hornby's career quickly took off. She was short for a model at 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m), weighed six point five stone (41 kg; 91 lb) and had a 31–23–32 (79–58–81 cm) figure, "with a new kind of streamlined, androgynous sex appeal". Her hairdresser boyfriend, Nigel Davies, became her manager, changed his name to Justin de Villeneuve , and persuaded her to change her name to Twiggy (from "Twigs", her childhood nickname). De Villeneuve credits himself for Twiggy's discovery and her modelling success, and his version of events
11968-615: The cover of his seventh album, Pin Ups . which entered the UK chart on 3 November 1973 and stayed there for 21 weeks, peaking at No. 1. She was also name-checked ("She'd sigh like Twig the wonder kid") in Bowie's song Drive-In Saturday for his Aladdin Sane album. In October 1975, she sang at the live performance of Roger Glover 's The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast album at
12104-719: The culture of Great Britain has primarily consisted of the separate native traditions of England, Scotland and Wales. With regard to cultural influences, prior to the expansion of the British Empire , the island had been most notably influenced by French culture (via the Normans ), Scandinavian culture (via the Vikings ) and Italian culture (via the Romans ). The arrival of Celtic and Germanic tribes influenced Britain's early development. The Celtic peoples introduced unique languages, traditions, and social structures. Subsequently,
12240-624: The cultures of Europe , the individual cultures of England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland , and the impact of the British Empire . The culture of the United Kingdom may also colloquially be referred to as British culture. Although British culture is a distinct entity, the individual cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse. There have been varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness between these four cultures. British literature
12376-694: The development of an opera company, which became the English National Opera (ENO); a theatre company, which evolved into the National Theatre; and a ballet company, which eventually became the English Royal Ballet . Elsewhere the Royal Shakespeare Company was founded in 1959 at Stratford-upon-Avon , and continues to mainly stage Shakespeare's plays. Contemporary British theatre is focused on
12512-510: The development of the novel took place in a wider literary context that included the rise of prose satires – which reached a high point with Gulliver's Travels (1729) by Anglo-Irish writer Jonathan Swift , and earlier foreign works like the Spanish Don Quixote . Other novels by Jonathan Swift include A Tale of a Tub (1704), An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), and A Modest Proposal (1729). With
12648-508: The documentary's final scene was produced live at Cannes Marché du Film Festival (the Cannes Film Festival ) 2023, in just 48 hours, using the on-site virtual production stage of film studio, Film Soho. Alongside this, a live virtual experience by metaverse company, Hadean, and live event visualisation solutions provider, disguise, made use of Unreal Engine to create a photo-realistic recreation of London's Carnaby Street in
12784-467: The d’Urbervilles (1891) offers a tragic critique of Victorian society's treatment of women, sexuality, and class, while Oscar Wilde ’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) examines themes of aestheticism, morality, and vanity in a Gothic narrative where the protagonist's portrait ages as his soul corrupts. In Robert Louis Stevenson ’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), the novella delves into themes of duality, identity, and morality through
12920-617: The festive song " Walking in the Air ") is annually screened at Christmas. Shown on the BBC, the UK holds two high-profile charity telethon events, Children in Need , held annually in November, and Comic Relief , which alternates with Sports Relief , every March. The 2011 edition of Comic Relief saw the first appearance of James Corden 's Carpool Karaoke sketch when he drove around London singing songs with George Michael . British programmes dominate
13056-595: The film Madame Sousatzka and married that year in Sag Harbor, New York (on Long Island ). The couple reside in Kensington, London and own a home in Southwold, Suffolk . On Twiggy's official website, she states she is a supporter of breast cancer research, animal welfare , and anti-fur campaigns. She was one of the celebrities, including Tom Hiddleston , Jo Brand , E. L. James , Benedict Cumberbatch , and Rachel Riley , to design and sign her own card for
13192-558: The first Black British and British Asian films respectively. 1981's Chariots of Fire and 1982's Gandhi both won the Best Picture Oscar, the latter winning eight awards, prompting a resurgence in period films. 1982 also saw the creation of Channel 4 , which had a remit to promote films for minority audiences. Films with racial and LGBT themes were produced, while Channel 4's involvement saw television stars move into feature films. American investment again increased in
13328-507: The first editions produced by Thames Television of the television series This Is Your Life . After four years of modelling, Twiggy retired in 1970, stating, "You can't be a clothes hanger for your entire life!" She broke off with Justin de Villeneuve, who had been overseeing her business affairs since 1966, and released him from his duties as her manager, claiming in later years that "her career had more to do with that famous picture of her with those funny painted eyelashes, which appeared in
13464-554: The first films in the James Bond franchise; and films based on ' swinging London ' scene. The 1970s saw a withdrawal of American support and a retrenchment in British cinema, though the decade did see culturally important productions such as the horror The Wicker Man and Monty Python 's comedic films. The decade also saw the Commonwealth influence British film, as Pressure and A Private Enterprise are considered
13600-523: The first historical novel, vividly recreates the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, cementing Scott's place as a major figure in British literature. William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794) blends art and poetry to explore themes of innocence, experience, and societal corruption, providing a unique vision of the Romantic spirit. Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound (1820),
13736-791: The leading figure of the satire boom, Peter Cook was ranked number one in the Comedians' Comedian poll. The puppet show Spitting Image was a satire of the royal family , politics, entertainment, sport and British culture of the 1980s up to the mid-1990s. Have I Got News for You and Mock the Week are the two longest running satirical panel shows. Satire also features heavily in the Grand Theft Auto video game series which has been ranked among Britain's most successful exports. The slapstick and double entendre of Benny Hill also achieved very high ratings on British television, as did
13872-596: The list of TV's most watched shows in the UK, with the kitchen sink dramas , ITV's Coronation Street and BBC's EastEnders , both often ranking high on the ratings list compiled by BARB . The major soap operas each feature a pub , and these pubs have become household names throughout the UK. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street , the Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria )
14008-460: The look of the sixties" Twiggy was, according to feminist critic Linda Delibero , "the most visible commodity Britain produced that year, and [America] generously complied with the hype, scarfing up skinny little Twiggy pens, Twiggy lunch boxes, Twiggy lashes, an assortment of Twiggy-endorsed cosmetics". The Metropolitan Museum of Art 's 2009 catalogue for its exhibition The Model as Muse: Embodying Fashion stated: Twiggy's adolescent physique
14144-574: The mainstream. British soul saw a rise that continued into the 2000s, including the global success of Adele . Dance music also saw innovation, with genres such as dubstep and new rave emerging. In contrast to the comparatively homogeneous classical and pop genres, each nation of the UK has retained a distinct tradition of folk music. The traditional folk music of England has contributed to several genres, such as sea shanties , jigs , hornpipes and dance music . It has its own distinct variations and regional peculiarities, while musical Morris dancing
14280-697: The medium of Welsh or study it as an additional language until age 16, and the Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally in the public sector, so far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act , passed by
14416-479: The migrations of Germanic tribes, such as the Anglo-Saxons , further influenced Britain's cultural landscape. The ancient Roman occupation of Britain , lasting almost 400 years, also impacted the linguistic and cultural identity of Great Britain. Following the expansion of the British Empire, England, Scotland and Wales absorbed different peoples from around the world, and, post-World War II, Britain developed
14552-542: The musical My One and Only , for which she received a Tony nomination for Best Actress in a Musical . She later hosted her own series, Twiggy's People , in which she interviewed celebrities, and appeared as a judge on the reality show America's Next Top Model . Her 1998 autobiography Twiggy in Black and White entered the best-seller lists. Since 2005, she has modelled for Marks and Spencer , appearing in television advertisements and print media. She has been credited for
14688-419: The pan. She is the mini-girl in the mini-era. She's delicious looking." In recent years, Twiggy has spoken out against the trend of waif-thin models, explaining that her own thin weight as a teenager was natural: "I was very skinny, but that was just my natural build. I always ate sensibly – being thin was in my genes." On 10 December 1969, despite being 20 years old, Twiggy was selected as the subject for one of
14824-536: The physical humour of Mr. Bean . Popular comedy duos in television include The Two Ronnies and Morecambe and Wise , with both shows featuring memorable sketches. Jeeves and Wooster starred Hugh Laurie as Bertie Wooster , an airy, nonchalant, gormless, idle young gentleman and Stephen Fry as Jeeves , his calm, well-informed, and talented valet . Created by and starring Rik Mayall as Richie and Adrian Edmondson as Eddie, Bottom features two crude, perverted flatmates with no jobs and little money, which
14960-410: The post-production re-touching of this ad, specifically in the eye area, could give consumers a misleading impression of the effect the product could achieve. We considered that the combination of references to "younger looking eyes", including the claim "reduces the look of wrinkles and dark circles for brighter, younger looking eyes", and post-production re-touching of Twiggy's image around the eye area,
15096-505: The predominantly religious poems of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Christina Rossetti . George Eliot ’s Middlemarch (1871–1872), often regarded as one of the greatest English novels, explores themes of politics, marriage, and ambition in the setting of a provincial English town. Elizabeth Gaskell ’s North and South (1854–1855) contrasts the industrial north with the agricultural south, addressing issues such as class conflict, industrialization, and gender roles. Thomas Hardy ’s Tess of
15232-493: The prologue to John Vanbrugh ’s The Mistake. Steele's major breakthrough came in 1709 with the creation of The Tatler , a tri-weekly periodical in which he wrote the majority of the essays under the pseudonym Isaac Bickerstaff , aiming to expose societal vices and promote simplicity. Despite its success, The Tatler was shut down in 1711 due to political pressure, prompting Steele and Addison to co-found The Spectator in 1711 and The Guardian in 1713, solidifying Steele's role as
15368-534: The publishing of these books, he gained literary fame and formed lifelong friendships with Alexander Pope, John Gay , and John Arbuthnot , who, with Swift, created the Martinus Scriblerus Club in 1713. Other novels made at this time are: Tom Jones (1749), by Henry Fielding ; Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740), by Samuel Richardson ; Laurence Sterne – The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1759–1767). Pamela or Virtue Rewarded,
15504-558: The refurbished programme. After the initial season, Twiggy left the series, and American International Television continued Jukebox with Britt Ekland as host, using standard music videos rather than clips from Supersonic . Twiggy appeared in "There Goes the Bride" with Tom Smothers in 1979. In 1980, Twiggy made a cameo appearance in The Blues Brothers . She starred as Eliza Doolittle in 1981, opposite Robert Powell , in
15640-544: The rise of Alfred Hitchcock , who soon moved to the US and become one of the twentieth century's most influential directors. During World War II the Crown Film Unit established a reputation for documentaries, while Powell and Pressburger began their influential and innovative collaboration. The post-war period was a particular high point for British filmmaking, producing The Third Man and Brief Encounter , which
15776-578: The role they play in language development. Richard Steele , another famous author known for comedies and pamphlets during the Augustan Period, began his literary career with The Christian Hero (1701), a moral pamphlet that was criticized due to his personal lifestyle, followed by the successful comedy The Funeral later that year. In 1703, he wrote The Lying Lover , an early sentimental comedy that failed on stage. In 1705, he collaborated with Joseph Addison on The Tender Husband and contributed
15912-487: The same film. Comedian Marty Feldman co-created the acclaimed BBC Radio comedy programme Round the Horne in 1965. The long running radio comedy Just a Minute first aired on BBC Radio 4 in 1967. Panellists must talk for sixty seconds on a given subject, "without hesitation, repetition or deviation". Guests over the years have included Stephen Fry , Eddie Izzard and Sue Perkins . First broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978,
16048-453: The science fiction comedy radio series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy was innovative in its use of music and sound effects. The BBC, as a public service broadcaster , also runs minority stations such as BBC Asian Network , BBC Radio 1Xtra and BBC Radio 6 Music , and local stations throughout the country. Rock music station Absolute Radio , and sports station Talksport , are among
16184-409: The seventeenth-century broadside ballad , and also encompasses brass band music and music hall . Popular music in the modern sense began to emerge in the 1950s, as the American styles of jazz and rock and roll became popular. The skiffle revival was an early attempt to create a British form of American music, but it was the emergence of British rock and roll by the early 1960s that established
16320-473: The sordid lives of criminals and exposes the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London . Another novel by Charles Dickens, Great Expectations (1861), is a bildungsroman that follows the life of Pip , an orphan navigating ambition, love, and personal growth while critiquing social mobility and class divisions. Charlotte Brontë ’s Jane Eyre (1847) blends Gothic romance with social commentary, focusing on
16456-469: The split personality of its protagonist. Arthur Conan Doyle ’s The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892), a group of short stories, which popularised the detective genre and introduced one of literature's most iconic characters: Sherlock Holmes. Rudyard Kipling 's literature exemplifies the British Empire ’s influence on British literature through his works that often reflect the ethos of imperialism and colonialism . His novels The Jungle Book , which
16592-592: The television distribution arm of American International Pictures , in an effort to gain additional syndication value in the US to the LWT rock music series Supersonic , repackaged the musical performances with Twiggy replacing Mike Mansfield's introductions. The new series, titled Twiggy's Jukebox , ran in most of the major television markets in the US during the 1978–79 TV season. Coincidentally, Twiggy had performed "Here I Go Again" and "Vanilla Olay" on Supersonic in September 1976, and these performances were included in
16728-463: The work, although he had claimed he could finish it in three. A warm reception greeted Johnson's Dictionary as it was the first dictionary that could be read with pleasure. The definitions full of wit and depth of thought supported by passages from beloved poets and philosophers, meant a reader could be content spending an evening poring over its pages. Johnson's choice of structure and format has certainly shaped future English dictionaries and lexicons and
16864-441: The world's oldest universities, has made many contributions to philosophy , science , technology and medicine , and is the birthplace of many prominent scientists and inventions . The Industrial Revolution began in the UK and had a profound effect on socio-economic and cultural conditions around the world. British culture has been influenced by historical and modern migration, the historical invasions of Great Britain, and
17000-528: Was Jewish. However, her mother's genealogy, which was examined on the series Who Do You Think You Are? in 2014, does not contain Jewish ancestry. Twiggy's mother taught her to sew from an early age. She used this skill to make her own clothing. She attended the Brondesbury and Kilburn High School . Twiggy is one of the first international supermodels and a fashion icon of the 1960s. Her greatest influence
17136-477: Was a strong supporter of the German Felix Mendelssohn , an early Romantic composer who also strongly influenced British music. In Ireland, John Field invented the nocturne and may have been an influence on Chopin and Liszt. A notable development of the mid- to late-nineteenth century was the resurgence of English-language opera and the establishment of several prominent orchestras, including
17272-703: Was accused of groping two women he scouted in 2013 and 2014 which went to a trial of the events. His photography has been exhibited by the Victoria and Albert Museum, The National Portrait Gallery, the Olympus Gallery, the Royal Photographic Society, Bath, and the South African National Gallery. Lategan died in London on 11 August 2024, at the age of 89. This article about a British photographer
17408-521: Was achieved in part by applying three layers of false eyelashes. One month after the Daily Express article, Twiggy posed for her first shoot for Vogue . Since then she has appeared on the cover of Vogue (and numerous international editions) 14 times. Twiggy arrived in New York in March 1967 at Kennedy Airport , an event covered by the press. The New Yorker , Life and Newsweek reported on
17544-482: Was first broadcast on Channel 4 in 1993. Broadcast from 1951 to 1960, radio comedy The Goon Show , starring Peter Sellers , Spike Milligan and Harry Secombe , mixed ludicrous plots with surreal humour, puns, catchphrases and an array of bizarre sound effects. The show has exerted considerable influence on British comedy and culture. As a film star Sellers in particular became influential to film actors by using different accents and guises and assuming multiple roles in
17680-546: Was likely to mislead. Twiggy remains in the forefront of fashion for women of her age. She was one of the few famous celebrities to avoid being cut from the Marks & Spencer fashion team in 2009–2010, when Dannii Minogue joined her for the spring/summer women's wear campaign. In 2010, she started a Home Shopping Network fashion line called the "Twiggy London" collection. On 21 November 2011, she released an album, Romantically Yours , through EMI . A collection of pop and easy listening standards spanning several generations,
17816-584: Was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society in 2007. Lategan suffered a serious fall in 2006 which caused a serious brain injury and increasingly affected his behaviour. In 2016 he was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) while sectioned under the Mental Health Act, which he and his family discussed publicly to raise awareness of the condition. In 2015 Lategan faced sexual harassment allegations, and
17952-566: Was named "The Face of 1966" by the Daily Express and voted British Woman of the Year. By 1967, she had modelled in France, Japan, and the US, and had appeared on the covers of Vogue and The Tatler . Her fame had spread worldwide. After modelling, Twiggy had a successful career as a screen, stage, and television actress. Her role in The Boy Friend (1971) earned her two Golden Globe Awards . In 1983, she made her Broadway debut in
18088-403: Was set up in 2006. British Baroque music was heavily influenced by continental fashions. This is exemplified by George Frideric Handel , a German-born naturalised British citizen whose choral music set British taste for the next two centuries. His operas also helped Britain challenge Italy as a centre of operatic production. Classical music attracted much attention from 1784 with the formation of
18224-466: Was shot in 1895. The world's first colour motion picture was shot by Edward Raymond Turner in 1902. British film production suffered in the 1920s in face of competition from American imports and a legal requirement for cinemas to show a set quota of British films, which encouraged poor-quality, low-cost productions to meet this demand. This had changed by the 1940s, when the government encouraged fewer, higher-quality films to be made . This era also saw
18360-508: Was the first dictionary of its kind, containing 40,000 words and nearly 114,000 quotes packed together with Johnson's personal touch. It is among the most influential dictionaries , or among most authoritative, in the history of the English language and considered to be a monumental achievement in lexicography . A group of London booksellers contracted Johnson to write a dictionary for the sum of 1,500 guineas (£1,575), equivalent to about £310,000 in 2024. Johnson took seven years to complete
18496-566: Was the perfect frame for the androgynous styles that began to emerge in the 1960s. The trend was manifested in a number of templates: sweet A-line dresses with collars and neckties, suits and dresses that took their details from military uniforms, or, in the case of Yves Saint Laurent , an explicit transposition of the male tuxedo to women. Simultaneously, under the rubric of "unisex", designs that were minimalistic, including Nehru suits and space-agey jumpsuits, were proposed by designers such as Pierre Cardin and Andre Courreges , and, most famously in
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