51-575: Twix is a caramel shortbread biscuit bar made by Mars, Inc. , consisting of a biscuit applied with other confectionery toppings and coatings (most frequently caramel and milk chocolate ). Twix are packaged with one (mini and snack sizes), two (standard size), or four bars (king size) in a wrapper. Twix was first produced in the United Kingdom in 1967, and it was introduced in the United States in 1976, and again in 1979. The name
102-404: A pie warmer or needing to be microwaved ; meat pies are also a staple at AFL football matches. Chiko Rolls, dim sims and other foods needing to be deep-fried are to be found at fish and chip shops, which have the necessary deep fryers in which to cook them. Bread rolls, with a variety of fillings, are a common alternative to sandwiches, with double-cut rolls (effectively two sandwiches)
153-426: A South Australian specialty. The Australian hamburgers and steak sandwiches are also found at fish and chip shops. Australian hamburgers consist of a fried beef patty, served with shredded lettuce and sliced tomato in a (usually toasted) round bread roll or bun. Tomato sauce or barbecue sauce are almost always included. Bacon, cheese and fried onions are also common additions, as is a slice of beetroot and/or
204-645: A caramel layer and chocolate top coat, was published in the Scottish Association of Young Farmers' Clubs book Recipes in 1972. The recipes in this book were contributed by Scottish members of the organisation. Recipes for the dish with a chocolate topping also appeared in Australia in the early 1970s in The Australian Women's Weekly . The earliest of these recipes appears in 1970 in an issue of The Australian Women's Weekly under
255-625: A common cooking technique was for the carcass to be thrown directly on a campfire to be roasted. Native food sources were used to supplement the colonists' diet following the arrival of the First Fleet in Botany Bay in 1788. Following the pre-colonial period , European colonisers began arriving with the First Fleet at Sydney harbour in 1788. The diet consisted of "bread, salted meat and tea with lashings of rum (initially from
306-457: A distinct coffee culture . The coffee industry has grown from independent cafes since the early 20th century. The flat white became popular in Australia some time after 1985, and its invention is claimed by a Sydneysider (although this claim is disputed by a New Zealand-based barista). The iconic Greek cafés of Sydney and Melbourne were the first to introduce locally roasted coffees in 1910. US military personnel stationed in Australia during
357-434: A fried egg, with other options including sliced pineapple. Pickles are rarely included, except in burgers from American chains. Steak sandwiches come with the same options, but instead of a beef patty they consist of a thin steak and are served in two slices of toast, not buns. Pizza has also become a popular take-away food item in Australia. Commonly found at community and fundraising events are sausage sizzle stalls –
408-769: A house on New Year's Day. It is also consumed around the world, where it is known by different names. In 2018 the dessert was featured in an episode of the American television show America's Test Kitchen . The name of the dessert varies by different regions and has varied throughout its history. This includes the aforementioned names of caramel shortbread and chocolate caramel shortbread, as well as millionaire's shortbread, caramel slice, caramel squares, or millionaire's slice. The name "millionaire's shortbread" appears to have originated in Scotland. The "millionaire" prefix to millionaire's shortbread or millionaires slice implies
459-1023: A large-scale diversification of local food, mainly due to the influence of migrants from the Mediterranean, East Asia and South Asia . Australian cuisine in the 21st century reflects the influence of globalisation, with many fast-food restaurants and international trends becoming influential. Organic and biodynamic foods have also become widely available alongside a revival of interest in bush tucker . Australia exports many agricultural products, including cattle, sheep, poultry, milk, vegetables, fruit, nuts, wheat, barley and canola. Australia also produces wine , beer and soft drinks. While fast food chains are abundant, Australia's metropolitan areas have restaurants that offer both local and international foods. Restaurants which include contemporary adaptations, interpretations or fusions of exotic influences are frequently termed Modern Australian . Indigenous Australians have lived off native flora and fauna of
510-420: A level of decadence and wealth to the sweet treat, that it is an upgrade from regular shortbread. Many different variations of caramel shortbread exist to cater to different tastes, dietary requirements, and ingredient availability. Some variants include using white rather than milk chocolate for the topping, adding espresso and hazelnut , substituting shortbread for Anzac biscuits , adding raisins to
561-415: A local milk bar , fish and chip shop, or bakery , though these have met with stiff competition from fast food chains and convenience stores in recent decades. Iconic Australian take-away food (i.e. fast food ) includes meat pies , sausage rolls , pasties , Chiko Rolls , and dim sims . Meat pies, sausage rolls, and pasties are often found at milk bars, bakeries, and petrol stations, often kept hot in
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#1732781183352612-471: A major global producer and supplied fresh produce for the local market. Stock grazing (mostly sheep and cattle) is prevalent throughout the continent. Queensland and New South Wales became Australia's main beef cattle producers, while dairy cattle farming is found in the southern states, predominantly in Victoria. Wheat and other grain crops are spread fairly evenly throughout the mainland states. Sugar cane
663-577: A majority drawn from Asia and the Mediterranean region, and the strong, sophisticated food cultures these ethnic communities have brought with them influenced the development of Australian cuisine. This blending of "European techniques and Asian flavours" came to be known as Modern Australian cuisine. Arguably the first Modern Australian restaurant was Sydney's Bayswater Brasserie (est. 1982), which offered Mediterranean dishes with Asian and Middle Eastern influences and "showed Sydney [...] that food can be adventurous without being expensive". The term itself
714-420: A range of native citrus species including the desert lime and finger lime. These usually fall under the category of bush tucker, which is used in some restaurants and in commercial preserves and pickles but not generally well known among Australians due to its low availability. Australia also has large fruit-growing regions in most states for tropical fruits in the north, and stone fruits and temperate fruits in
765-417: A stall with a barbecue hot plate on which sausages are cooked. At a sausage sizzle the sausage is served in a slice of white bread, with or without tomato sauce and with the option of adding fried onions, and eaten as a snack or as a light lunch. A sausage sizzle at a polling station on any Australian state or Federal election day has humorously become known as a Democracy sausage . Similar stalls are held in
816-509: A unique hunter-gatherer diet, known as bush tucker , drawn from regional Australian plants and animals. Australia became a collection of British colonies from 1788 to 1900, during which time culinary tastes were strongly influenced by British and Irish migrants, with agricultural products such as beef cattle, sheep and wheat becoming staples in the local diet. The Australian gold rushes introduced more varied immigrants and cuisines, mainly Chinese , whilst post-war immigration programs led to
867-408: A year, 12.9 kilograms (28 lb) of cheese, 3.8 kilograms (8.4 lb) of butter (a small reduction from previous year, largely for dietary purposes) and 7.1 kilograms (16 lb) of yoghurt products. For most of Australia's history following the arrival of British settlers, black tea was the most commonly consumed hot beverage; however, in the 1980s, coffee overtook tea in popularity. Since
918-1165: Is flake , a fillet of gummy shark ( Mustelus antarcticus ). Flathead is also a popular sport and table fish found in all parts of Australia. Barramundi is a fish found in northern Australian river systems. Bay lobsters , better known in Australia as Moreton Bay bugs, are common in seafood restaurants, or may be served with steak as "surf and turf". The most common species of the aquaculture industry are salmon, tuna, oysters, and prawns. Other food species include abalone , freshwater finfish (such as barramundi , Murray cod , silver perch ), brackish water or marine finfish (such as barramundi, snapper , yellowtail kingfish , mulloway , groupers ), mussels , mud crabs and sea cucumbers . While inland river and lake systems are relatively sparse, they nevertheless provide freshwater game fish and crustacea suitable for dining. Fishing and aquaculture constitute Australia's fifth most valuable agricultural industry after wool, beef, wheat and dairy. Approximately 600 varieties of marine and freshwater seafood species are caught and sold in Australia for both local and overseas consumption. European carp , common in
969-574: Is a portmanteau of "twin sticks". Twix was called Raider in mainland Europe for many years before its name was changed in 1991, 2000 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Turkey, to match the international brand name. The Raider brand was resurrected for retro editions sold in Germany in 2009, in the Netherlands, Belgium, Finland and Sweden in 2015, and Switzerland in late 2023. Twix bars for
1020-407: Is a biscuit confectionery composed of a shortbread biscuit base topped with caramel and milk chocolate . Variations exist which substitute or add ingredients to cater to different tastes, dietary requirements or ingredient availability. Caramel shortbread is an adapted form of the original Scottish shortbread . Scottish shortbread originated around the 12th century, but its modern refined form
1071-428: Is a traditional Australian bread prepared by swagmen , drovers and other travellers. It is a wheat-flour-based bread, traditionally baked in the coals of a campfire. Toast is commonly eaten at breakfast. An iconic commercial spread is Vegemite , a salty, B vitamin -rich savoury spread made from brewers yeast eaten on buttered toast, commonly at breakfast, or in sandwiches. A common children's treat dating back to
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#17327811833521122-612: Is also a major crop in Queensland and New South Wales. Fruit and vegetables are grown throughout Australia and wheat is a main component of the Australian diet. Today there are over 85,681 farm businesses in Australia, 99 percent of which are locally owned and operated. Barbecued meat is almost synonymous with Australian cuisine, though it is estimated that more than 10% of Australians are now vegetarian. After World War II , subsequent waves of multicultural immigration, with
1173-696: Is also commonly consumed in Southeast Asia even becoming a major ingredient in some desserts produced in the region. Beer in Australia has been popular since colonial times. James Squire is considered to have founded Australia's first commercial brewery in 1798 and the Cascade Brewery in Hobart , Tasmania , has been operating since the early 19th century. Since the 1970s, Australian beers have become increasingly popular globally – with Foster's Lager being an iconic export brand. However, Fosters
1224-428: Is attributed to the efforts of Mary, Queen of Scots in the 16th century. The practice of adding additional topping or ingredients to shortbread to create unique variations dates back to at least the 19th century when candied orange peel and almonds were added. Combinations of shortbread with caramel topping dates to at least the early 1950s. A recipe for Chocolate Caramel Crunch (Millionaires' Shortbread), with
1275-448: Is called a counter lunch , while the term counter meal is used for either lunch or dinner. Common dishes served at counter lunches and counter meals are steak and chips, chicken parmigiana and chips, a mixed grill (an assortment of grilled meats), and roast lamb or beef with roast vegetables. Kangaroo meat is available as game in Australia, although it is not among the most commonly eaten meats. In colonial-era recipes, kangaroo
1326-461: Is not a large seller on the local market, with alternatives such as Victoria Bitter and Carlton Draught outselling the popular export. Craft beer is popular, as well as distinctive products from smaller breweries such as Coopers and Little Creatures . The Australian wine industry is the fifth largest exporter of wine around the world, with 760 million litres a year to a large international export market and contributes $ 5.5 billion per annum to
1377-533: Is one of the largest producers of abalone and rock lobster . Fish and chips is a take-away food that originated in the United Kingdom and remains popular in Australia. It generally consists of battered deep-fried fish with deep-fried chipped (slab-cut) potatoes. Rather than cod which is more common in the UK, the most popular fish at Australian fish and chips shops, at least in southern Australian states,
1428-606: Is that unlike with the United States and Asia, Australia for many decades had already had an established culture of independent cafés before coffee chains tried to enter the market. The chocolate and malt powder Milo , which was developed by Thomas Mayne in Sydney in 1934 in response to the Great Depression , is mixed with cold or hot milk to produce a popular beverage. In recent years, Milo has been exported and
1479-442: Is the most commonly consumed of all meats or poultry by weight, with approximately 47 kilograms of chicken consumed by the average Australian per year. As of July 2018 Australians ate around 25 kilograms of beef per person with beef having a 35% share of fresh meat sales by value, the highest of any fresh meat in 2018–19. Lamb is very popular in Australia, with roasting cuts (legs and shoulders), chops , and shanks being
1530-515: The Australian bush for over 60,000 years. In modern times, this collection of foods and customs has become known as bush tucker. It is understood that up to 5,000 species of Australian flora and fauna were eaten by Indigenous Australians. Hunting of kangaroo , wallaby and emu was common, with other foods widely consumed including bogong moths , witchetty grubs , lizards and snakes. Bush berries, fruits, and nuts were also used, including
1581-557: The Murray River as an invasive species , is not considered edible by most Australians despite being common in cuisines across Europe. Ever since the first British settlement of 1788, Australia has had a dairy industry. Today, the Australian dairy industry produces a wide variety of milk, cream, butter, cheese and yoghurt products. Australians are high consumers of dairy products, consuming on average some 102.4 litres (22.5 imp gal; 27.1 US gal) of milk per person
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1632-575: The West Indies but later made from the waste cane of the sugar industry in Queensland )." The British found familiar game in Australia including swan, goose, pigeon and fish, but the new settlers often had difficulty adjusting to the prospect of native fauna as a staple diet. Meat constituted a large proportion of the Australian diet during the colonial era and into the 20th century. After initial difficulties, Australian agriculture became
1683-547: The 19th century, billy tea was a staple drink for those out in the Australian bush , such as those working on the land or travelling overland. Boiling water for tea in a billy over a camp fire and adding a gum leaf for flavouring remains an iconic traditional Australian method for preparing tea. Famously, it was prepared by the ill-fated swagman in the renowned Australian folksong " Waltzing Matilda ". Tea and biscuits or freshly home-baked scones are common for afternoon tea between friends and family. Today's Australia has
1734-573: The North American market are made in Cleveland, Tennessee , along with M&M's . For global markets like Europe and Africa they are produced in Veghel , the Netherlands alongside Mars bars and other Mars, Incorporated chocolates. From 1990 to 2001, actor and martial arts master Chuck Norris appeared in commercials for Twix as the candy's spokesman. He appeared in selected events and
1785-570: The Second World War helped to spread the habit of coffee drinking, initially in the form of instant coffee . In 1952, the first espresso machines began to appear in Australia and a plethora of fine Italian coffee houses were emerging in Melbourne and Sydney. Pellegrini's Espresso Bar and Legend Café often lay claim to being Melbourne's first 'real' espresso bars, opening their doors in 1954 and 1956 respectively. This decade also saw
1836-508: The South Australian Spirits industry quickly emerging as a world leader with producers being recognised globally such as Seppeltsfield Road Distillers, Never Never Distilling, Adelaide Hills Distilling and many more. Rum served as a currency during the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Australia when metallic currency was in short supply. The traditional places to buy take-away food in Australia has long been at
1887-418: The United States of America. Like many confectionery items, Twix has been accused of "shrinkflation," where instead of increasing the cost of a bar, Mars, Incorporated . has decreased the size of the bar. This accusation is based on the fact that the size of a Twix bar has decreased over time, while the price has remained the same. In an episode of Seinfeld entitled " The Dealership ", a major plotline in
1938-626: The car parks of most Bunnings hardware stores on weekends, by volunteers fund-raising for service clubs, charities, societies or sporting groups. The company supplies the infrastructure and enforces standards, including prices. The halal snack pack ("HSP", also known in South Australia as an AB ) originated in Australia as a fusion of Middle Eastern and European flavours, common at kebab shops around Australia. It consists of doner kebab meat served over hot chips and covered in sauces (such as chilli, garlic, or barbecue sauce). Damper
1989-495: The episode focuses on George Costanza 's failed attempts to extract a Twix bar from a vending machine . Also, a recurring joke in the episode is that people confuse a Twix bar with a 5th Avenue Bar . However, George insists that "Twix is the only candy bar with the cookie crunch." Caramel shortbread Caramel shortbread , also known as caramel squares , caramel slice , millionaire's shortbread , millionaire's slice , chocolate caramel shortbread or Wellington squares
2040-642: The establishment of one of Australia's most iconic coffee brands, Vittoria , which remains the country's largest coffee maker and distributor. The brand has existed in Australia since 1958, well before it moved to the US. To this day, international coffee chains such as Starbucks have very little market share in Australia, with Australia's long established independent cafés existing along with homegrown franchises such as The Coffee Club , Michel's Patisserie , Dôme in WA, and Zarraffas Coffee in Queensland. One reason for this
2091-641: The most common cuts. Lamb will often form part of either a Sunday roast or a barbecue. It is also commonly found as an ingredient in gyros and doner kebabs , brought by Greek and Turkish immigrants in the 1960s and 1970s. Australia consumes more lamb and mutton than any other country listed by the OECD - FAO (with Kazakhstan in second place). In 2017, Australians consumed an average of 8.5 kilograms (19 lb) per person. By way of comparison, New Zealanders average 3.2 kilograms (7.1 lb) and Americans just 0.4 kilograms (0.88 lb). Lunch at an Australian pub
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2142-521: The most famous wine districts are the Barossa Valley , Hunter Valley , Margaret River and Yarra Valley , and among the best known wine producers are Lindeman's , Penfolds , Rosemount Estate , Wynns Coonawarra Estate . In Australia's tropical regions, wine is produced from exotic fruits such as mango, passion fruit and lychees. In modern times, South Australia has also become renowned for its growing number of premium spirits producers, with
2193-415: The name "Caramel Shortbread", but this version lacks the distinctive chocolate topping. Later recipes such as one from 1981 include the chocolate layer. The treat is still commonly associated with the cuisines of Australian , New Zealand and Scotland (as well as British cuisine more generally) and is still consumed in these countries regularly. In Scotland it is often served to the first visitor to
2244-521: The nation's economy. Australians consume over 530 million litres annually with a per capita consumption of about 30 litres – 50% white table wine, 35% red table wine. Wine is produced in every state, with more than 60 designated wine regions totalling approximately 160,000 hectares. Australia's wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, in New South Wales , South Australia , Victoria and Western Australia . Amongst
2295-462: The now widely cultivated macadamia nut , and wild honeys were also exploited. Fish were caught using tools such as spears, hooks and traps; in some areas, the construction of complex weir systems allowed the development of forms of aquaculture. Resource availability and dietary make-up varied from region to region and scientific theories of bush tucker plants being spread by hand have recently emerged. Food preparation techniques also varied; however,
2346-564: The shortbread, or topping with peanut butter instead of chocolate. Some recipes adjust the recipe to cater to dietary requirements. Gluten-free and vegan versions exist. Australian cuisine Australian cuisine is the food and cooking practices of Australia and its inhabitants. Australia has absorbed culinary contributions and adaptations from various cultures around the world, including British , European , Asian and Middle Eastern . Indigenous Australians have occupied Australia for some 65,000 years, during which they developed
2397-704: The south which has a mediterranean or temperate climate. The Granny Smith variety of apples originated in Sydney in 1868. Another well-known Western Australian apple variety is the Cripps Pink , known locally and internationally as "Pink Lady" apples, which was first cultivated in 1973. Fruits cultivated and consumed in Australia include apples, banana, kiwifruit, oranges and other citrus, mangoes (seasonally), mandarin, stonefruit, avocado, watermelons, rockmelons, lychees, pears, nectarines, plums, apricots, grapes, melons, papaya (also called pawpaw), pineapple, passionfruit and berries (strawberries, raspberries, etc.). In
2448-583: The temperate regions of Australia vegetables are traditionally eaten seasonally, especially in regional areas, although in urban areas there is large-scale importation of fresh produce sourced from around the world by supermarkets and wholesalers for grocery stores, to meet demands for year-round availability. Spring vegetables include artichoke, asparagus, bean shoots, beetroot, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, leek, lettuce, mushrooms, peas, rhubarb, and spinach; summer vegetables include capsicum , cucumber, eggplant , squash, tomato, and zucchini . Chicken
2499-469: Was featured in the Twix advertising campaign. In 2012, Twix launched a campaign called "Pick a Side." The campaign created a rivalry between the two "sides" of the Twix bar, which are made in different factories. Each bar was given its own packaging, labeled as either a "Right Twix" or a "Left Twix," even though both sides are identical and made on the same packaging line. The following flavours are available in
2550-779: Was first used in print in the 1993 edition of the Sydney Morning Herald Good Food Guide , which placed 34 restaurants under this heading, and was quickly adopted to describe the burgeoning food scene in Sydney in the 1990s. Leading exponents of the style include Tetsuya Wakuda , Neil Perry and Peter Gilmore . As of 2014, the term is considered somewhat dated, with many restaurants preferring to call their style "contemporary Australian cuisine" instead. There are many species of Australian native fruits, such as quandong (native peach), wattleseed , muntries /munthari berry, Illawarra plums , riberry , native raspberries, and lilli pillies , as well as
2601-573: Was treated much like ox tail , and braised until tender forming a rich gravy. It is available today in various cuts and sausages. Kangaroo is, however, a common commercial dog food in Australia. Other less commonly eaten forms of game are emu and crocodile . Seafood consumption is increasing, but it is less common in the Australian diet than poultry and beef. Australian cuisine features Australian seafood such as southern bluefin tuna , King George whiting , Moreton Bay bugs , mud crab, jewfish , dhufish ( Western Australia ) and yabby . Australia
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