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75-645: Twizzlers are a licorice-type candy manufactured by Y&S Candies, Inc., of Lancaster, Pennsylvania , a division of The Hershey Company . Twizzlers were first produced in 1929 by Young and Smylie, as the company was then called. The licorice company was founded in 1845, making it one of the oldest confectionery firms in the United States. Twizzlers ingredients consist of corn syrup , wheat flour, sugar, cornstarch , and smaller amounts of palm oil , salt, artificial flavor, glycerin , citric acid , potassium sorbate , Red 40 , and soy lecithin . Despite only

150-446: A humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. The hottest recorded temperature in the city was 107 °F (42 °C) on August 7, 1918, while the coldest recorded temperature was −16 °F (−27 °C) on January 22, 1984. On average, the city receives 42 inches of precipitation a year. September is the wettest month of the year and February the driest. The snowiest winter on record for Lancaster

225-408: A 1737 structure on a different site . The first long-distance paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike , which connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia. Opened in 1795, the turnpike was paved with stone the whole way, and overlaid with gravel. The sixty-two-mile turnpike cost more than $ 450,000, a staggering sum for the time. The route followed what

300-739: A Y&S plant that makes chewing gum and other candies. From 1970 through 1999, it was manufactured in Farmington, New Mexico , but relocated the operation to Memphis due to rising transportation costs. According to the Guinness Book of Records , the longest licorice twist ever made measured 1,200 feet (370 m) and 100 pounds (45 kg) and was made at the Y&;S Candy Plant in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1998. Nibs are bite-sized licorice pieces. The confectionery industry has long used

375-470: A female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.23. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

450-571: A major role in launching the baal teshuva movement, a widespread spiritual re-awakening among Jewish youth which followed the 1967 Six-Day War . OU's board of directors has had female members since the mid-1970s. By the mid- to late-20th century, most synagogues affiliated with the Orthodox Union were under the leadership of rabbis trained by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik at Yeshiva University 's Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary . These rabbis were ideologically Modern Orthodox . By

525-684: A manufacturer of vacuum tube products. Burle completed a voluntary clean-up under the Pennsylvania Land Recycling Program. In addition to Lancaster's boutiques, vintage shops, and art galleries ( Gallery Row ), Park City Center is the largest enclosed shopping center in South Central Pennsylvania . The mall includes more than 150 stores and is anchored by Boscov's , JCPenney , and Kohl's . Park City opened in September 1971. Built in 1889,

600-545: A mashgiach to the production facility to ensure that the product complies with Jewish law . The mashgiach supervises both the ingredients and the production process. The international youth movement of the OU, the National Conference of Synagogue Youth (NCSY), was founded in the early 1950s. After a few false starts, NCSY succeeded under Rabbi Pinchas Stolper by reaching out to public school-educated Jewish youth with

675-570: A message of Orthodox Jewish religious inspiration. It has now expanded its reach to include many already religious, mostly Modern Orthodox children attending Jewish day schools . The OU Advocacy Center is the non-partisan public policy arm of the OU, leading the organization's advocacy efforts in Washington, D.C. , and state capitals. Formerly known as the Institute for Public Affairs, OU Advocacy engages leaders at all levels of government and

750-562: A population of 58,039 at the 2020 census , it is the tenth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania , with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area . Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster

825-426: A significant Jewish educational institution producing English-speaking, university-trained American rabbis for the pulpits of OU synagogues. Some Orthodox rabbis viewed the nascent OU and the rabbis of its synagogues as too "modern" in outlook. Thus, they did not participate; instead, they set up more stringent rabbinical organizations. Nevertheless, the idea for a national Orthodox congregational body took hold. The OU

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900-548: A talented group of lay leaders, including Joseph Karasick, Harold M. Jacobs, and Julius Berman, who would guide the OU's growth over the next several decades. Another significant development was the appointment, in 1959, of Rabbi Pinchas Stolper as director of the Orthodox Union's youth group, the National Conference of Synagogue Youth (NCSY). By inspiring thousands of public-school educated high school youth across North America to become more observant, NCSY played

975-463: A thriving art community. Gallery Row on the 100 block of North Prince St. features a block of art galleries, and the city proper has over 40 galleries and artists' studios. The galleries host a "First Friday" each month, extending their business hours to exhibit new artwork and new artists to the public. The Lancaster County Quilts and Textile Museum, completed in 2007, celebrates the art of the hand-sewn quilts and other textile items produced by women of

1050-491: A variety of shapes and sizes. In addition to the original Twists, Nibs and Bites of various sizes, Y&S introduced Pull 'n' Peel in 1994. Twerpz and Strawz came along in 2004. The company also manufactures a special 2-foot-long (61 cm) variety; the regular length of Twizzlers is 8 inches (20 cm). In 2006, Y&S introduced the Sweet and Sour Filled Twist. They come in two different colors, red and yellow, and both have

1125-759: A viscous, fruity filling inside. The yellow flavor is Citrus Punch and the red flavor is Cherry Kick. In 2011, Super Long Nibs was introduced, combining the flavor and texture of the classic Nib with the length of a standard Twizzlers twist. In May 2013, the Pull 'n' Peel introduced its "Raspberry Wild Berry Lemonade" flavor. In December 2014, Twizzlers came out with Pull 'n' Peel Fruit Punch and Twizzlers filled Strawberry Lemonade varieties. In December 2016, Twizzlers came out with Pull 'n' Peel Cherry and Green Apple and Twizzlers filled Strawberry Lemonade varieties. All flavors of Pull 'n' Peel and Twists, and cherry and black licorice flavored Bites and Nibs are kosher certified by

1200-761: Is Mitchel Aeder. For many years, the OU, along with its related rabbinic arm, the Rabbinical Council of America , worked with the larger Jewish community in the Synagogue Council of America . In this group, Orthodox, Conservative and Reform groups worked together on many issues of joint concern. The group became defunct in 1994, mainly over the objections of the Orthodox groups to Reform Judaism's official acceptance of patrilineal descent as an option for defining Jewishness . The Orthodox Union's Kosher Division , headed by CEO Menachem Genack ,

1275-508: Is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country , located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia . Originally called Hickory Town, the city was renamed after the English city of Lancaster by native John Wright . Its symbol, the red rose , is from the House of Lancaster . Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn , and

1350-598: Is headquartered in Lancaster, co-founded by Franklin & Marshall College in 1981. The Lancaster Stormers played their inaugural season in 2005, ending Lancaster's 44-year period without professional baseball since the demise of the Red Roses . Their main Atlantic League rival is the Revolution from nearby York . Lancaster is the hometown of Major League Baseball alumnus Tom Herr . He played for

1425-402: Is home to about 65 stores. The Shops at Rockvale contains over 100 stores and restaurants. According to Lancaster's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Many of Lancaster's landmarks are significant in local, state, and national history. The city of Lancaster has art, craft and historical museums. The Demuth Museum is located in the former home of

1500-516: Is located in the Piedmont region of Pennsylvania . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 7.35 square miles (19.0 km ), of which, 7.23 square miles (18.7 km ) of it is land and 1.65% is water. Under the Köppen climate classification , Lancaster falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa ) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or

1575-514: Is nine hours and 19 minutes. The sun reaches its lowest point in the sky of 26° between December 11 and December 31. The longest days of the year are June 19 to June 23, reaching 15 hours and one minute. The sun reaches its highest point in the sky of 73° from June 10 to July 2. According to the 2020 United States census , Lancaster had a population of 58,039. Of which, 40.3% were Hispanic/Latino, 38.9% were non-Hispanic White, 12.6% were non-Hispanic Black, 3.8% were Asian, 4.4% mixed or other. As of

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1650-497: Is now Pennsylvania Route 340 (also called the "Old Philadelphia Pike") from Lancaster to Thorndale and U.S. Route 30 Business and U.S. Route 30 from Thorndale to Philadelphia. The city of Lancaster was home to several important figures in American history. Wheatland , the estate of James Buchanan , the fifteenth President of the United States, is one of Lancaster's most popular attractions. Thaddeus Stevens , considered among

1725-551: Is one of the oldest working theaters in the United States. The Ware Center hosts live theater, concerts, and performances. Lancaster is home to Franklin & Marshall College and its various sports teams, including the Diplomats football team. The Diplomats play their home games at Shadek Stadium in Lancaster. Shadek Stadium was built in 2017 and surrounds Tom Gilburg Field. Aside from football, Shadek Stadium also hosts men's and women's lacrosse. The Centennial Conference

1800-562: Is the world's largest kosher certification agency . As of 2023, it supervises over 1,200,000 products in 13,000 plants in 105 countries. Two hundred thousand of those products are found in the US. It employs 886 rabbinic field representatives, mashgichim in Hebrew, and about 70 rabbinic coordinators who serve as account executives for OU-certified companies; they are supplemented by a roster of ingredient specialists, flavor analysts, and other support staff. The supervision process involves sending

1875-813: The American Revolutionary War , Lancaster became an iron-foundry center. Two of the most common products needed by pioneers to settle the Frontier were manufactured in Lancaster: the Conestoga wagon and the Pennsylvania long rifle . The Conestoga wagon was named after the Conestoga River , which runs through the city. The innovative gunsmith William Henry lived in Lancaster and was a U.S. Congressman and leader during and after

1950-590: The Continental Congress fled Philadelphia , which had been captured by the British. The revolutionary government then moved still farther away to York, Pennsylvania . Lancaster was the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812, with the state capital located at the Court House (built 1784 and demolished 1852 and now site of Soldiers & Sailors Monument at Penn Square). In 1812, the capital

2025-493: The F. W. Woolworth Company . Lancaster was one of the winning communities for the All-America City award in 2000. In 2009, a community organization installed and began monitoring 164 closed-circuit cameras in Lancaster, which engendered some local opposition. On October 13, 2011, Lancaster's City Council officially recognized September 27 as Capital Day, a holiday recognizing Lancaster's one day as capital of

2100-868: The Lancaster Central Market is the oldest continuously operated farmers market in the United States, and many tourists come to purchase the handmade Amish goods that are not commonly found elsewhere. Central Market is listed with the National Register of Historic Places , and its towers are of the Romanesque Revival style. The market underwent renovations beginning in July 2010. Lancaster also has two outlet shopping centers, both of which are located in East Lampeter Township on U.S. Route 30 . Tanger Outlets

2175-510: The Orthodox Union . Strawberry Twizzlers, cherry Pull 'n' Peel, Bites, Twists and Nibs, black licorice Twizzlers, and chocolate flavored Twizzlers do not contain animal gelatin or other animal products, and are approved as a vegan-edible candy. Lancaster, Pennsylvania Lancaster ( / ˈ l æ ŋ k ɪ s t ər / LANG -kih-stər ) is a city in and the county seat of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania , United States. With

2250-616: The Pentateuch and Haftarahs , edited by Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz ; in recent years this has been supplanted by The Chumash: The Stone Edition , also known as the Artscroll Chumash . Yachad: The National Jewish Council for Disabilities is a global organization dedicated to addressing the needs of Jews with disabilities and ensuring their inclusion in every aspect of Jewish life. The inclusive design aims to ensure that persons with diverse abilities have their rightful place within

2325-1021: The St. Louis Cardinals for the majority of his career. He also played for the Minnesota Twins , Philadelphia Phillies , New York Mets , and the San Francisco Giants . Herr subsequently coached the Hempfield High School Black Knights baseball team for several years. He also managed the Lancaster Stormers in their first season. The Stormers have won the Atlantic League Championship three times: in 2006, 2014, and 2022. The Lancaster Bicycle Club hosts an annual Covered Bridge Metric Century bicycle race. In 2010, more than 2,500 riders participated. The city of Lancaster hosted

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2400-412: The poverty line . 29.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Poverty in Lancaster is twice the state's average, and public school records list more than 900 children as homeless. Although there are many Amish people from this area, not everyone from Lancaster is Amish, contrary to popular belief. Since 2005, Lancaster's downtown has increased

2475-747: The 1960s and 1970s. Even though the company sold nearly 50 million pounds of licorice products a year by 1975, in that year Y&S turned to a Madison Avenue ad firm to separately promote their products in an effort to differentiate Twizzlers from Nibs. While the original flavor introduced in 1845 was licorice , in the middle 1970s the company began to expand its flavors to include strawberry, grape, chocolate, cherry, and watermelon flavors. Limited edition cherry cola and "rainbow" (fruit variety consisting of strawberry, orange, lemonade, watermelon, "blue raspberry", peach and grape) flavors were introduced in 2006. Today all these flavors of "rainbow" Twizzlers are still sold in stores and movie theaters. Twizzlers come in

2550-501: The 1990s and early 21st century, the OU's general philosophy and observance levels have shifted towards stricter interpretations and halachic practices. This change has not necessarily affected individual member congregations but has impacted many Orthodox Jewish communities across America. The general trend toward more rigid practices among Orthodox Union congregations reflects American Orthodoxy's trend toward Haredi Judaism . In 2009, Rabbi Steven Weil succeeded Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Weinreb as

2625-663: The 1997, 1998, and 2006 British Open, and placed sixth in the 1997 PGA championship. Furyk also won the Vardon Trophy in 2006. He is an alumnus of Manheim Township High School, located in the immediate suburb of Manheim Township. The 2015 and 2024 U.S. Women's Open tournaments were held at the Lancaster Country Club . Orthodox Union#Kosher certification Its synagogues and their rabbis typically identify themselves with Modern Orthodox Judaism. The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America

2700-562: The 2010 census, the city was 55.2% White , 16.3% Black or African American , 0.7% Native American , 3.0% Asian , 0.1% Native Hawaiian , and 5.8% were two or more races. 39.3% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the census of 2000, there were 56,348 people, 20,933 households, and 12,162 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,616.5 people per square mile (2,940.7 people/km ). There were 23,024 housing units at an average density of 3,112.1 per square mile (1,201.6/km ). The racial makeup of

2775-604: The American Revolution. In 1803, Meriwether Lewis visited Lancaster to be educated in survey methods by the well-known surveyor Andrew Ellicott . During his visit, Lewis learned to plot latitude and longitude as part of his overall training needed to lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition . In 1879, Franklin Winfield Woolworth opened his first successful five and dime store in the city of Lancaster,

2850-518: The Jewish community while it helps to educate and advocate in the Jewish world for greater understanding, acceptance, outreach, and a positive attitude toward disabled persons. The OU has been accused of ignoring multiple reports of child abuse when appointing Rabbi Baruch Lanner as Director of Regions of its National Conference of Synagogue Youth movement. Lanner was ultimately convicted of multiple counts of sexual abuse and imprisoned. In response to

2925-399: The OU and started Organized Kashruth Laboratories (OK). The wide acceptance of OU kashrut supervision rested largely upon the outstanding reputation of its rabbinic administrator, Rabbi Alexander S. Rosenberg. He and his staff established effective kashrut supervision standards for modern food production technology, which allowed the availability of OU-certified packaged kosher products across

3000-617: The OU came under criticism for hosting him and presenting him with the plaque. In 2020, Rabbi Moshe Hauer became the Executive Vice President along with Rabbi Josh Joseph as EVP/COO. Rabbi Hauer is responsible for policy and is the organization's primary spokesman. Rabbi Joseph is responsible for the organization's programs and operations aside from the Kashrut division, the CEO of which is Rabbi Menachem Genack. The president

3075-528: The OU's Executive Vice President and was succeeded by Allen Fagin in April 2014. In 2011, Rabbi Simcha Katz became president, and was succeeded by Moishe Bane in January 2017. In 2014, the first women were elected as national officers of the OU; three female national vice presidents and two female associate vice presidents were elected. In 2017, the OU adopted as formal policy the normative Orthodox position that

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3150-449: The OU. Company executives at Heinz were afraid of alienating non-Jewish customers. Because of this, after much negotiation, the Orthodox Union agreed to drop the word "kosher" from their initial design in favor of the less Jewish-sounding "OU" symbol. The OU's kashrut program was heavily influenced by Abraham Goldstein, a chemist who used his knowledge of food science to determine the kosher status of various products. In 1935, Goldstein left

3225-566: The Tom Bamford Lancaster Classic , an international, professional bicycle racing event held each June since 1992. It was part of the 2006–2007 UCI America Tour and the 2007 USA Cycling Professional Tour . Professional golf is well represented by the Professional Golf Association 's Jim Furyk . He placed 4th in the 1998 and 2003 Masters tournament, won the 2003 U.S. Open, placed fourth in

3300-418: The US since the 1950s. By the mid-1930s, the OU kashrut division had matured enough to influence and challenge the traditional local rabbinic "sole practitioner" kashrut supervision model. At the time, kashrut was a profitable business for rabbis; the OU sought to make kashrut freely available to reduce the consumer cost of keeping kosher. The OU Women's Branch was also organized during the 1920s to encourage

3375-607: The United States in 1777. Lancaster receives 20 times more refugees per capita than the rest of the United States, leading it to be dubbed "America's refugee capital" in 2015. Between 2005 and 2019, nearly 5,000 refugees were resettled in Lancaster. Lancaster announced its designation as a Certified Welcoming City in 2019. Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzai visited Lancaster in 2017 to honor its commitment to refugees, an experience she detailed in her book We Are Displaced . Lancaster City Council voted to end cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in 2024. Lancaster

3450-563: The West Side Institutional Synagogue of Manhattan, became the president of the OU. Under Goldstein, the OU and its Rabbinical Council , became a founding member of the Synagogue Council of America , along with representatives of the Reform and Conservative movements and their rabbinic affiliates. The OU played an active role in advocating for public policies important to Orthodox practice, such as advocating for

3525-470: The black Twizzlers containing extracts of the licorice plant, Twizzlers products are collectively referred to as licorice-type candy. Seventy percent of the annual production of Twizzlers are strawberry, the most popular Twizzlers flavor. The manufacturer of Twizzlers candy is one of the oldest confectionery firms in the United States. The company was established in 1845 as Young and Smylie, and adopted Y&S as its trademark in 1870. National Licorice Company

3600-488: The broader public to promote and protect the Orthodox Jewish community's interests and values in the public policy arena. The OU requires that all member synagogues follow Orthodox Jewish interpretations of Jewish law and tradition. Men and women are seated separately and nearly always are separated by a mechitza , a physical divider between the men's and women's sections of the synagogue. Many OU synagogues support

3675-412: The city was 61.55% White , 14.09% African American , 0.44% Native American , 2.46% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 17.44% from other races , and 3.94% from two or more races. 30.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino people of any race. The largest ethnic groups in Lancaster as of recent estimates are: In 2010, 29.2% of Lancaster residents were of Puerto Rican ancestry. The city has

3750-599: The clergy is only for men. It precludes women from holding titles such as "rabbi" or from functioning as clergy in its congregations in the United States. In June 2018, Attorney General Jeff Sessions spoke at the OU Advocacy Center's annual conference in Washington, where he was presented with an artistic rendering of the biblical command "Justice, justice shalt thou pursue." Given Sessions' policies, particularly those concerning immigrants and asylum seekers,

3825-651: The concepts of Religious Zionism , which teaches that the existence of the State of Israel is a step towards the arrival of the Messiah and the eventual return of all Jews around the world to live in the ancient national Jewish homeland. The laws of Shabbat and kashrut are stressed. They pray in Hebrew , using the same traditional text of the siddur that has been used in Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish communities for

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3900-410: The difference. The OU, JTS, and RIETS were closely connected, with an alumnus of the latter two serving in the former's communities until the postwar era. Only around 1950 did Conservative and Modern Orthodox Judaism fully coalesce as opposing movements. During the early decades of its existence, the Orthodox Union was closely associated with and supported the development of Yeshiva University into

3975-843: The exhibits of the Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum and the North Museum of Nature and Science . The National Watch & Clock Museum, founded in 1977, has the largest collection of clocks and watches in North America. Stevens and Smith Historic Site is located within the Vine Street lobby of the Lancaster County Convention Center . The site includes the preserved home of U.S. Senator Thaddeus Stevens and his companion Lydia Hamilton Smith . The underground portion of

4050-435: The five-day workweek and defending the right to kosher slaughter . It was also involved in efforts to serve the religious needs of American Jewish soldiers and relief for European Jewry. In the 1920s, the OU started its kashrut division, establishing the concept of community-sponsored, not-for-profit kashrut supervision. In 1923, the H. J. Heinz Company 's vegetarian beans became the first product to be kosher certified by

4125-403: The formation and support of active sisterhoods in OU synagogues. Women's Branch took on particular products, typically related to women's Jewish education and support for Yeshiva University. OU operations became more efficient with the appointment in 1939 of Leo S. Hilsenrad as its first full-time professional executive director. Its services were further expanded in 1946, adding Saul Bernstein to

4200-426: The institution would be allowed to apply for managerial positions in the newly created United Synagogue of America (then a non-denominational communal organization), though his close ally Rabbi Frederick de Sola Mendes advocated that only strictly pious ones should be so approved. Only then did Mendes begin to distinguish between "Conservative" and "Modern Orthodox" Judaism in his diary, though he could not articulate

4275-523: The last few centuries. Until the 1980s , the most popular English translation of the prayer book used in OU synagogues had been Ha-Siddur Ha-Shalem edited by Philip Birnbaum . In recent years, the most popular translated siddurim have been the Rabbinical Council of America edition of the Artscroll siddur and the Koren Siddur . Similarly, the most common Hebrew-English Chumash used had been

4350-485: The most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives , lived in Lancaster as an attorney. Stevens gained notoriety as a Radical Republican and for his abolitionism . The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton , a renaissance man who created the first fully functional steamboat. All of these individuals have had local schools named after them. After

4425-412: The number of specialty shops, boutiques, bars, clubs, and galleries. Burle Business Park, the city's only commercial and industrial park. originally opened in 1942 as a U.S. Navy electronics research, development and manufacturing plant operated by RCA . The facility was purchased after World War II by RCA. Burle Business Park was originally occupied by Burle Industries, the successor company to RCA, and

4500-481: The professional staff. Bernstein became the founding editor, in 1951, of Jewish Life , the OU's popular publication for Orthodox laymen. Bernstein also succeeded Hilsenrad as the OU's administrator. During the postwar years, there was considerable overlap in the lay leadership of the Orthodox Union and Yeshiva University. The Orthodox Union expanded its operations following the election in 1954 of Moses I. Feuerstein as its president. Its leadership ranks were augmented by

4575-597: The region's Amish and Mennonite communities. The museum was closed in 2011. The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society Museum and the Heritage Center Museum display artifacts and interpret the region's unique history. Children can have a hands-on experience with educational learning at the Hands-on House, also known as the Children's Museum of Lancaster. Nature and geology-minded visitors can view

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4650-399: The scandal, the OU implemented several new initiatives to better protect children under their care. In 2005, an undercover video purportedly showed cruel treatment of animals in an OU-certified slaughterhouse. The story was featured many times in national newspapers and Jewish media. The OU defended its limited supervision scope while studying changes to its policy. In 2006, the OU's response

4725-538: The second highest concentration of Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania after Reading . For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as the "Spanish Rose." Lancaster celebrates its Puerto Rican heritage once every year with the Puerto Rican Festival. There were 20,933 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.4% were married couples living together, 19.0% had

4800-609: The site includes a recently discovered Underground Railroad feature: a converted water cistern used in the antebellum years to hide fugitive slaves on their way to freedom. In Lancaster County, the Landis Valley Museum in Manheim Township has exhibits that interpret the county's history and culture, especially as a center of ethnic German Amish and Mennonite culture. The Lancaster Symphony Orchestra has been performing since 1947. The Fulton Opera House

4875-631: The well-known painter Charles Demuth , who had a national reputation in the 20th century. Additional museums include the Lancaster Museum of Art and the Philips Museum of Art on the campus of Franklin & Marshall College . Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy's gallery, which is open to the public. LancasterARTS, a non-profit organization founded in 2002, promotes contemporary arts and crafts. Lancaster city has

4950-461: The word nibs to describe small pieces of a product. The origin of the industry's use of the word comes from cacao nibs , which are the bitter but flavorful chocolate bits made from the beans of the cocoa tree . It is unknown when Y&S introduced its Nibs, whether it was in the 1930s right after Twizzlers were first produced or some time later. Candy packaging collectors provide first-hand accounts of specific Nibs package features on products from

5025-402: Was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 29,770, and the median income for a family was $ 34,623. Males had a median income of $ 27,833 versus $ 21,862 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 13,955. 21.2% of the population and 17.9% of families were below

5100-741: Was created in 1902 through the merger of three small firms: Young & Smylie, S.V. & F.P. Schudder and H.W. Petherbridge. In 1908, a plant was opened in Montreal and in 1929 the Twizzlers brand was created. The company changed its name to Y&S Candies Inc. in 1968. Y&S Candies was acquired by Hershey Foods Corporation in November 1977 in a pooling-of-interests, then merged into Hershey in January 1982. Since 1999, Twizzlers have been manufactured in Memphis, Tennessee , as well as Lancaster, in

5175-584: Was founded as a lay synagogue federation in 1898 by Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes . Its founding members were predominately modern, Western-educated Orthodox rabbis and lay leaders, of whom several were affiliated with the Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS), which originated as an Orthodox institution to combat the hegemony of the Reform movement . Cracks between the OU and JTS first formed in 1913, when Solomon Schechter decided all alums of

5250-615: Was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. During the American Revolution , Lancaster served for one day as the temporary capital of the United States , seated at the Court House (built 1739, destroyed by fire in 1784 and rebuilt before relocating to current Lancaster County Courthouse in 1852; original site is now the Soldiers & Sailors Monument at Penn Square c. 1874), on September 27, 1777, after

5325-446: Was moved to Harrisburg , where it has remained since. U.S. census reports show that, from 1800 to 1900, Lancaster ranked among the nation's top 100 most populous urban areas. In 1851, the current Lancaster County Prison , known locally as Lancaster Castle, was built in the city but shares no visual similarities with the Lancaster Castle in England. The prison remains in use, and was used for public hangings until 1912. It replaced

5400-563: Was soon acknowledged within the American Jewish establishment as the main, but not exclusive, mouthpiece for the American Orthodox community. Representatives of 150 Orthodox congregations, with an estimated membership of 50,000, participated in the OU's 1919 national convention. The OU became more active in broader American Jewish policy issues after 1924, when Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein , the innovative spiritual leader of

5475-521: Was the largest single raid of a workplace in U.S. history. It resulted in nearly 400 arrests of immigrant workers with false identity papers, many of whom were charged with identity theft , document fraud , use of stolen social security numbers , and related offenses. Some 300 workers were convicted on document fraud charges within four days. The majority served a five-month prison sentence before being deported. The OU had numerous rabbis working on-premises, yet none reported child workers working illegally at

5550-455: Was the subject of a video narrated by Jonathan Safran Foer , Irving Greenberg , and David Wolpe . In May 2008, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement , together with other Federal agencies, raided a kosher slaughterhouse and meat packing plant in Postville, Iowa , owned by Agriprocessors , Inc. At the time, the OU provided kosher certification services to the plant. The raid

5625-458: Was the winter of 2009-10 when 72 inches of snow fell and the smallest amount of snow on record was when four inches fell during the winter of 1949–50. The highest recorded January temperature was 77 °F (25 °C) on January 26, 1950, and the coldest July temperature 42 °F (6 °C) on July 4, 1918. On average, the city receives 203 days of sun a year. The shortest days of the year are between December 18 and December 25, when day length

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