58-637: The Two Rivers Correctional Institution is a state prison for men located in Umatilla , Umatilla County, Oregon on the Columbia River , owned and operated by the Oregon Department of Corrections . The facility opened in 1999, was completed in 2000, and holds a maximum of 1632 inmates at a mix of custody levels 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum). Umatilla, Oregon Umatilla ( / ˌ j u m ə ˈ t ɪ l ə / , YOO -mə- TIL -ə )
116-642: A decline of 7.3% from 2010, and has fallen well behind nearby Hermiston at $ 50,694. The local economy is heavily reliant on agriculture and supporting services. As of 2001, the five largest employers in Umatilla were the Two Rivers Correctional Institution, JM Manufacturing ( polyvinyl chloride pipes), Gilroy Food (dehydrated onions), Boise Cascade (wood chips), and Oregon Rustic (pine furniture). The Dalles The Dalles ( / ˈ d æ l z / ) DALZ ; formally
174-686: A list of top employers in the region. Mid-Columbia Medical Center was the number one employer listed with over 500 employees; a local school district, Oregon Cherry Growers and Fred Meyer all reported more than 250 employers. Google employed between 100 and 250 people, according to the list. In 2012, the top 15 employers in The Dalles according to the Mid-Columbia Economic Development District report on "Largest Employers in Wasco County" were: The Dalles
232-438: A powerful west wind on most afternoons. During stormy periods in spring, conditions are usually cloudy and cool, while most sunny and calm days become intensely warm, especially from April onward. Springtime temperatures often vary more from one week to the next than they do from one month to the next. The growing season is roughly 200 days long in a typical year, generally running from early April through most of October. However,
290-512: A train and died at the age of 48. Highways I-84 , US 30 , and US 197 meet in the city. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 20.61 square miles (53.38 km ), of which 20.35 square miles (52.71 km ) is land and 0.26 square miles (0.67 km ) is water. The Dalles is usually classified as a semiarid (Köppen BSk ) climate region. However, it has some characteristics of
348-521: Is a city in Umatilla County , Oregon , United States. The population in 2010 was 6,906, but the city's population includes approximately 2,000 inmates incarcerated at Two Rivers Correctional Institution . Umatilla is part of the Hermiston - Pendleton Micropolitan Statistical Area , but has the highest poverty rate (24%) and lowest Median Household Income ($ 38,796), of all communities in
406-561: Is a k-8 school affiliated with the Catholic Church in The Dalles. Columbia Lutheran School is a Christian elementary school of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in The Dalles. The Dalles is also home to the main campus of Columbia Gorge Community College which began in 1977 as Wasco Area Education Service District. It is a leading institution in renewable energy technology education and training. As of
464-506: Is far less wind in the fall than in spring and early summer, though passing frontal systems can still bring quick bouts of strong wind. Winter is the wet season in The Dalles. Despite the rain shadow effect created by the Cascades, there is still enough precipitation most years to support relatively high soil moisture levels for most of the winter. This is a very similar pattern to what happens in classic Mediterranean climates – except that
522-455: Is home to Oregon School District 21. Originally 2 school districts; District 9 in the Chenoweth area and District 12 which included much of The Dalles. District 21 includes 3 elementary schools: Colonel Wright Elementary, Chenoweth Elementary and Dry Hollow Elementary. District 21 is also home to Innovations Academy, The Dalles Middle School and The Dalles High School . St Mary's Academy
580-474: Is known to have been a trading center for Native Americans as long as 10,000 years ago and is thus one of the oldest inhabited places in North America . The site of what is now the city of The Dalles was a major Native American trading center. The general area is one of the continent's most significant archaeological regions. Lewis and Clark camped near Mill Creek on October 25–27, 1805, and recorded
638-770: The City of The Dalles and also called Dalles City , is an inland port and the largest city in Wasco County , Oregon , United States. The population was 16,010 at the 2020 census , and it is the largest city in Oregon along the Columbia River outside the Portland Metropolitan Area . The Dalles is 75 miles (121 km) east of Portland, within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area . The area around The Dalles
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#1732790286523696-504: The Oregon Steam Navigation Company began construction of a narrow gauge railroad that would connect Umatilla to the agricultural inland, passing from Pendleton to Weston . The great flood of 1894 destroyed what was left of the original business district and many surviving buildings were moved away from the river. The Umatilla Masonic Lodge Hall , one of the only surviving buildings from the original townsite,
754-524: The Petticoat Revolution . The Umatilla Chemical Depot opened in 1941, to prepare for World War II . The depot's mission was to store and maintain a variety of military items, from blankets to ammunition . The depot took on its chemical weapons storage mission in 1962. From 1990 to 1994 the facility reorganized in preparation for eventual closure, shipping all conventional ammunition and supplies to other installations. On October 25, 2011,
812-705: The Wascopam Mission , after the native Wasco Indians. In 1850 the U.S. Army founded a small post at the site of the old mission, being eventually named Fort Dalles . Fort Dalles became the nucleus of the town of The Dalles, which began to develop along the waterfront. In 1855, at the end of the Cayuse War , the Indians living near The Dalles were forcibly relocated by the U.S. Army to the Warm Springs Indian Reservation . In
870-527: The census of 2010, there were 13,620 people, 5,472 households, and 3,441 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,144.9 inhabitants per square mile (828.2/km ). There were 5,903 housing units at an average density of 929.6 per square mile (358.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 87.9% White , 0.5% African American , 1.5% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.8% Pacific Islander , 5.7% from other races , and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 17.0% of
928-494: The census of 2010, there were 6,906 people, 1,634 households, and 1,215 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,562.4 inhabitants per square mile (603.2/km ). There were 1,766 housing units at an average density of 399.5 per square mile (154.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 70.1% White , 2.3% African American , 1.5% Native American , 0.6% Asian , 23.1% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43.1% of
986-594: The 1813 liquidation of the PFC, its properties like Fort Astoria sold to the North West Company. In 1821 the North West Company was absorbed by the giant London-based Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Fort Vancouver , built in 1824, replaced Fort Astoria as the regional fur trade headquarters. The HBC's trading network made extensive use of the Columbia River. The rapids of the Columbia River at The Dalles
1044-503: The 1860s there was competition between Umatilla and Wallula, Washington to become the "Sacramento of the Upper Columbia" but the gold rush wouldn't last long enough to support either town's growth beyond frontier villages. Umatilla remained a vital commercial center until the late 1870s, when the removal of the rapids in 1877 allowed boats traveling from The Dalles to continue directly to Wallula and beyond. The following year
1102-644: The Indian name for the creek as Quenett . The name of the city comes from the French word dalle , meaning either "sluice", akin to English "dale" and German T [ h ] al , "valley", or "flagstone", referring to the columnar basalt rocks carved by the river (in voyageur French used to refer to rapids), which was used by the French-Canadian employees of the North West Company to refer to
1160-420: The age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under
1218-458: The age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 35,430, and the median income for a family was $ 43,041. Males had a median income of $ 36,387 versus $ 22,583 for females. The per capita income for
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#17327902865231276-422: The area; trailing neighboring Hermiston in household income by nearly 23%. The city is on the south side of the Columbia River along U.S. Route 730 and I-82 . The Umatilla Chemical Depot , is 6 miles (10 km) southwest of the city, northwest of the intersection of I-84 and I-82. Before European settlement, the peninsula formed by the convergence of the Umatilla and Columbia rivers had been occupied by
1334-407: The average family size was 3.51. In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 157.3 males. The median income for a household in the city
1392-677: The building was put to other uses. The mint is now home to Freebridge Brewing. Construction of The Dalles Dam in 1957 submerged the Long Narrows and Celilo Falls . In 1963, Ken Kesey 's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was published featuring the narrator, Chief, who is from The Dalles. In 1970, the Bonneville Power Administration opened the Celilo Converter Station near
1450-464: The buildings on the original townsite were bought and demolished. The relocation would turn out to be for naught as the water level at this point in the river was not affected by the dam's reservoir. Umatilla's original street grid can still be seen north of the railroad tracks and is now a nature preserve and protected archaeological site. It is still owned by the Corps of Engineers and is not accessible to
1508-654: The city was $ 17,511. About 9.0% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over. The Northwest Cherry Festival is held in The Dalles in April. In 1984, The Dalles was the scene of a bioterrorist incident launched by members of the Rajneesh Movement in an attempt to gain control of the local government of Wasco County, which failed on Election Day. Salmonella placed in ten restaurants resulted in 751 cases of Salmonellosis . It
1566-416: The city. The population density was 1,415.3 inhabitants per square mile (546.5/km ). There were 1,511 housing units at an average density of 429.6 per square mile (165.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 72.10% White, 2.69% African American, 1.35% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander , 21.49% from other races, and 1.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.58% of
1624-450: The city. The population density was 892.3/km . There were 5,227 housing units at an average density of 383.7/km . The racial makeup of the city was 87.8% White , 0.4% African American , 1.2% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.8% Pacific Islander , 6.2% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 10.5% of the population. There were 4,896 households, out of which 30.0% had children under
1682-627: The early 1840s American settlers began to arrive in significant numbers, traveling overland via the Oregon Trail . The trail ended at The Dalles. It was not possible to take wagons farther west due to steep cliffs that fell straight into the Columbia River. Until the construction of the Barlow Road in 1846, the only way to reach Fort Vancouver and the Willamette Valley was by rafting down the river from The Dalles. A post office
1740-586: The gold fields. That same year Timothy K. Davenport surveyed for a town site at the mouth of the Umatilla River and filed a plat in 1863. The site was chosen for its location just below the Umatilla Rapids, which formed a navigational headwater on the Columbia and prevented boats from traveling further upstream without needing to be portaged or needing their cargo transferred to a new boat above
1798-629: The indigenous Umatilla people for at least 10,000 years, being the site of temporary and seasonal villages, fishing and later horse breeding. On their return trip from the mouth of the Columbia River in 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition made note in their journals of a village on the site. The first Umatilla post office was established in September 1851 at the Umatilla Indian Agency about 5 miles (8 km) east of Pendleton, but
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1856-544: The last barrel of HD mustard agent was destroyed and there is no longer a risk of chemical accident in Oregon and Washington. The original town site of Umatilla was abandoned completely when the United States Corps of Engineers determined that it would likely be inundated by the construction of the John Day Dam . Between 1965 and 1968 the town was completely rebuilt south of the railroad tracks and all of
1914-635: The long series of major rapids in the river. Starting in the 1810s, Americans and Europeans passed by what became The Dalles, active in the North American fur trade as employees of either the American Pacific Fur Company (PFC) or the Canadian North West Company (NWC). Men like NWC officer David Thompson voyaged both down and up the Columbia, traveling through Celilo Falls. The War of 1812 led to
1972-569: The midlatitude oceanic climate that dominates west of the Cascade Mountains, combined with seasonal precipitation patterns very similar to those found in Mediterranean climates. The city's location in the eastern Columbia Gorge results in the presence of numerous microclimates within a few miles of town. To the immediate west, the winters are significantly wetter, and summers are significantly cooler. In contrast, upland locations to
2030-548: The northern terminus of the Pacific DC Intertie which sends 3,100 megawatts of electricity to Los Angeles. In 1982, a curly-coated kitten was born on a farm in The Dalles owned by Linda and Dick Koehl. The Koehls used this kitten and her offspring to develop a new breed of cat called the LaPerm , which went on to become a popular, established, championship pedigree cat breed around the world. In 1984, The Dalles
2088-462: The occasional sporadic thunderstorm, there is almost no summer rainfall. From late September through early November, the area experiences an abrupt autumn during which normal temperatures drop very rapidly and cloudy, wet weather quickly picks up. Prior to the sudden onset of the rainy season in mid- to late fall, there are often days with a very wide disparity between daytime and nighttime temperatures, sometimes exceeding 36 °F or 20 °C. There
2146-407: The population. There were 1,364 households, out of which 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and
2204-440: The population. There were 1,634 households, of which 50.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.6% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2262-442: The population. There were 5,472 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2320-512: The public. Umatilla is 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Pendleton . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.63 square miles (11.99 km ), of which, 4.42 square miles (11.45 km ) is land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km ) is water. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Umatilla has a semi-arid climate , abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. As of
2378-525: The rapids of the Columbia River between the present-day city and Celilo Falls . Also in the same area was the Petites Dalles or Little Dalles, or Short Narrows. In French, "les dalles" means "the slabs". When a river flows over hard flat rocks, it becomes shallow, and rapids are created. The first use of the name Dalles , according to Oregon Geographic Names , appears in fur trader Gabriel Franchère 's Narrative , on April 12, 1814, referring to
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2436-457: The rapids. The site was first known as Umatilla Landing, then Umatilla City, then Columbia, then Umatilla City once again over the next year or so. Its post office was established in 1863 with Z. F. Moody as postmaster. Umatilla quickly became an important trade and distribution center not just for gold rush travelers but for the growing population of farmers and ranchers in the surrounding region. A business district developed along Water Street at
2494-403: The river's edge and at the town's peak it had 3 hotels, 22 saloons, 6 mercantiles and 3 grocery stores, among others. It won the county seat of Umatilla County by a small margin on March 6, 1865 But would only remain so until 1868 when it was moved to the burgeoning village of Pendleton . That same year the first newspaper (A tri-weekly) was established. For a brief time during the gold rush in
2552-403: The south are significantly cooler in all seasons. The generally warm and dry summers near town make it the ideal climate for the numerous Bing cherry orchards in the area. The summer season runs from mid-June through early September and is quite warm by Pacific Northwest standards; however, summer weather often oscillates between intense heat waves and much cooler and windier periods. Except for
2610-432: The spring frost dates can range from mid-March to early May, and the fall frost dates can range from late September to mid-November. A weather station is located at nearby Columbia Gorge Regional Airport , also known as The Dalles Municipal Airport . In 2006, Google began building a major data center, known locally as Project 02 , along the Columbia River in The Dalles, using the area's reliable hydroelectric power and
2668-462: The summer, winter temperatures can vary tremendously from one day to the next. During arctic air events the daytime high temperatures will generally be well below 32 °F or 0 °C, while a strong subtropical push can raise temperatures into the 50s and low 60s F, even in January. It is quite common for relatively cold air to become trapped at low elevations due to an inversion above; depending on
2726-424: The temperature of the surface airmass, depth of the inversion layer, and temperatures above the inversion layer, this can result in snow, sleet, freezing rain or a very cold liquid rain. Springtime conditions generally run from late February through early June, during which time the overall trend gradually becomes warmer and drier and the landscape briefly turns lush and green. This is the windiest season of all, with
2784-747: The temperatures are significantly colder. The area receives measurable snowfall virtually every year, but the snow totals fluctuate dramatically from one year to the next; some seasons see only one or two brief light snow events while others get major snowstorms and cumulative totals of 20 inches (0.51 m) or more. The most snowfall in a season has been 85.5 inches (2.17 m) between July 1949 and June 1950. Average winter temperatures are only about 3 to 5 °F (1.7 to 2.8 °C) colder than in cities such as Portland and Seattle, and temperatures below 0 °F or −17.8 °C are very rare, but not unheard of – historically occurring on three mornings out of every five winters, but only once since February 1996. As in
2842-471: The underutilized fiber optic capacity of the area. The new complex includes two buildings, each approximately the size of a football field, and two cooling plants, each four stories high. The project promised hundreds of jobs in the area, mainly in construction, with an additional 200 permanent positions expected later in 2006 although as of 2013 Google employed only 150 combined company employees and contractors in The Dalles. In 2021, Wasco County published
2900-541: Was $ 33,844, and the median income for a family was $ 32,969. Males had a median income of $ 28,500 versus $ 20,337 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 11,469. About 15.6% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 21.1% of those age 65 or over. The city has seen some industrial investment in recent years through Amazon Web Service 's data centers, however wages have stagnated. The 2017 median household income in Umatilla of $ 38,796 represented
2958-437: Was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age in the city was 39.7 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,156 people, 4,896 households, and 3,226 families residing in
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#17327902865233016-437: Was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.59. The median age in the city was 30.7 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 35.6% were from 25 to 44; 20.2% were from 45 to 64; and 6.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 63.7% male and 36.3% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,978 people, 1,364 households, and 1,062 families residing in
3074-664: Was discontinued in January 1852. The Umatilla Indian Reservation was created in 1855 after the Walla Walla Council treaty and many of the Umatilla, Cayuse and Walla Walla tribes relocated there, with the vast majority of their lands being given over to the US government. Not long after, when gold was discovered in the Boise Basin of Idaho and in Montana in 1862, the Columbia River became an important passageway inland to
3132-467: Was established within the boundaries of the current city in 1851, and The Dalles was incorporated as a city in 1857. It has been the major commercial center between Portland and Pendleton since. The city was originally named just "Dalles". In 1853 it was changed to "Wascopum," then, in 1860, to "The Dalles". In 1864, the U.S. Congress appropriated money to build a U.S. mint in The Dalles that
3190-424: Was relocated to Echo, Oregon , 14 miles to the southeast in 1901. By the early 1910s, Umatilla was making a resurgence as an agricultural center and a new business district was forming along 3rd and 4th Streets, facing away from the river and towards the railroad tracks. Once again the town had several hotels and even a bank. In 1916 several women launched secret bids for local office, resulting in what has been called
3248-408: Was the largest and longest of the four "great portages", where fur trading boats had to unload and transship their cargoes. Sometimes, during high water, boats traveling downriver would "shoot the rapids" instead of portaging, although the practice was dangerous and many people died as a result over the years. In 1838 a branch of Jason Lee's Methodist Mission was established at Celilo Falls, named
3306-589: Was the site of the first and single largest bioterrorism attack in United States history . In 1986, Penalty Phase , a film starring Peter Strauss and Melissa Gilbert , was filmed in and around The Dalles. In 2018, Terry A. Davis , creator of the TempleOS operating system, walked from Portland, Oregon to The Dalles in three days via the Columbia River Gorge. There, he was struck by
3364-467: Was to use gold from Canyon City for coinage . The supply of gold from Canyon City began to dwindle, however, and other problems, such as cost overruns, workers leaving to work the gold fields, and flooding from the Columbia River, also contributed to the project running two years behind schedule and led eventually to its demise. In 1870, the State of Oregon received the property from the U.S. Government and
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