41-521: The Long (later Tylney-Long ) baronetcy , of Westminster , was a title in the Baronetage of England . It was created in 1662 for Robert Long . The baronetcy was created for Robert Long, Member of Parliament from 1624 to 1627 and in the Short Parliament and again from 1661 to 1673 on 1 September 1662. Long never married and, lacking male descendants, was succeeded by his nephew James,
82-578: A bank which forms the dam to a shallow lake known as Heath pond. Some parts of the land here are owned and managed by the National Trust . The road then passes near to Finchampstead church, where there may have been a Roman signal station or temple. The Roman road ends at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum near Silchester , the centre for the local Iron Age tribe of the Atrebates . Calleva
123-573: A community of Benedictine monks on the site. Between 1042 and 1052, King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was completed around 1060 and was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later, he
164-515: A fisherman himself, coming to the island to consecrate the newly built church, which later developed into Westminster Abbey . He rewarded Edric with a bountiful catch when he next dropped his nets. Edric was instructed to present the king and St. Mellitus, Bishop of London , with a salmon and various proofs that the consecration had already occurred. Every year on 29 June, St Peter's Day, the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers presents
205-615: A major public school which grew out of the abbey, and the University of Westminster , attended by over 20,000 students. Devil%27s Highway (Roman Britain) The Devil's Highway was a Roman road in Britain connecting Londinium (London) to Calleva Atrebatum ( Silchester ) via Pontes ( Staines ). The road was the principal route to the west of Britain during the Roman period but, whilst maintained for its easternmost section,
246-437: A smaller road connects to the southern entrance of the hillfort . There is a small Roman settlement known as Wickham Bushes about halfway along this link road, where Roman pottery and other artifacts have been found. It was likely a hospitality stop for travellers on the road. From Crowthorne , the main highway exists as a sand track and footpath through woods and scrub, and at one point (behind Finchampstead Ridges), it crosses
287-520: Is a typical Central London property distinction within the area which is very acute, epitomised by grandiose 21st-century developments, architectural high-point listed buildings and nearby social housing (mostly non- council housing ) buildings of the Peabody Trust founded by philanthropist George Peabody . Given the focus on Westminster in English and British public life over centuries,
328-451: The City and Liberty of Westminster , Middlesex . The exceptions to this were St Clement Danes , St Mary le Strand and possibly some other small areas. The ancient parish was St Margaret ; after 1727 this became the civil parish of 'St Margaret and St John', the latter a new church required for the increasing population. The area around Westminster Abbey formed the extra-parochial Close of
369-646: The City of London (until the English Reformation there was also an Eastminster , near the Tower of London , in the East End of London ). The abbey's origins date from between the 7th and 10th centuries, but it rose to national prominence when rebuilt by Edward the Confessor in the 11th century. Westminster has been the home of England's government since about 1200, and from 1707 the Government of
410-620: The Georgian period became connected through urban ribbon development with the City along the Strand. Henry VIII 's Reformation in the early 16th century abolished the abbey and established a cathedral – thus the parish ranked as a "City", although it was only a fraction of the size of the City of London and the Borough of Southwark at that time. Indeed, the cathedral and diocesan status of
451-635: The River Thames to Oxford Street and has many famous landmarks, including the Palace of Westminster , Buckingham Palace , Westminster Abbey , Westminster Cathedral , Trafalgar Square and much of the West End cultural centre including the entertainment precinct of West End Theatre . The name ( Old English : Westmynstre ) originated from the informal description of the abbey church and royal peculiar of St Peter's (Westminster Abbey), west of
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#1732800792075492-471: The Royal Courts of Justice in the late-19th century. The settlement grew up around the palace and abbey, as a service area for them. The parish church, St Margaret's Westminster served the wider community of the parish; the servants of the palace and abbey as well as the rural population and those associated with the high status homes developing on the road from the city. The area became larger and in
533-516: The natural ford which is thought to have carried Watling Street over the Thames in the vicinity. The wider district became known as Westminster in reference to the church. The legendary origin is that in the early 7th century, a local fisherman named Edric (or Aldrich) ferried a stranger in tattered foreign clothing over the Thames to Thorney Island . It was a miraculous appearance of St Peter ,
574-400: The old Roman road from the City to western England, which is now locally called Oxford Street . {{{annotations}}} Thorney Island lay between the arms of the former River Tyburn at its confluence with the Thames, while the western boundary with Chelsea was formed by the similarly lost River Westbourne . The line of the river still forms (with very slight revisions) the boundaries of
615-549: The 4th Earl of Mornington, who assumed the additional surnames of Tylney and Long. See Earl of Mornington for further history of this title. This England -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Westminster Westminster is a cathedral city and the main settlement of the London Borough of the City of Westminster in Central London , England. It extends from
656-563: The Abbey with a salmon in memory of this event. A charter of 785, possibly a forgery, grants land to the needy people of God in Thorney, in the dreadful spot which is called Westminster . The text suggests a pre-existing monastic community who chose to live in a very challenging location. The recorded origins of the Abbey (rather than a less important religious site) date to the 960s or early 970s, when Saint Dunstan and King Edgar installed
697-562: The Collegiate Church of St Peter . Like many large parishes, Westminster was divided into smaller units called Hamlets (meaning a territorial sub-division, rather than a small village). These would later become independent daughter parishes. Until 1900 the local authority was the combined vestry of St Margaret and St John (also known as the Westminster District Board of Works from 1855 to 1887), which
738-590: The Palace of Westminster and in Government ministries. The area has a substantial residential population. By the 20th century Westminster saw rising numbers of residential apartments with wealthy inhabitants. Hotels, large Victorian homes and barracks exist near to Buckingham Palace . Westminster hosts the High Commissions of many Commonwealth countries: Within the area is Westminster School ,
779-491: The Roman road about a mile away but at a lower height. The London portion of the road was rediscovered during Christopher Wren 's rebuilding of St Mary-le-Bow church in 1671–73, following the Great Fire . Modern excavations date its construction to the winter from AD 47 to 48. Around London, it was 7.5–8.7 metres (25–29 ft) wide and paved with gravel. It was repeatedly redone, including at least twice before
820-483: The Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum. It was slightly larger, about 40 hectares (99 acres), and was laid out along a distinctive street grid pattern. The town contained a number of public buildings and flourished until the early Anglo-Saxon period . A large mansio was situated near the South Gate, consisting of three wings arranged around a courtyard. The road enters the town near the restored Roman amphitheatre near
861-521: The United Kingdom . In 1539, it became a city. Westminster is often used as a metonym to refer to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which sits in the Palace of Westminster . The City and Liberty of Westminster and other historical Westminster administrative units (except the broader modern City of Westminster , a London Borough created in 1965) extended from the River Thames to
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#1732800792075902-568: The United Kingdom and for those other nations, particularly in the Commonwealth of Nations and for other parts of the former British Empire that adopted it. The term "Westminster Village", sometimes used in the context of British politics, does not refer to a geographical area at all; employed especially in the phrase "Westminster Village gossip", it denotes a supposedly close social circle of members of parliament, political journalists, so-called spin-doctors and others connected to events in
943-513: The church lasted only from 1539 to 1556, but the "city" status remained for a mere parish within Middlesex. As such it is first known to have had two Members of Parliament in 1545 as a new Parliamentary Borough , centuries after the City of London and Southwark were enfranchised. The growing Elizabethan city had a High Constable, Bailiff, Town Clerk, and a keeper of the ponds. Charles Booth 's poverty map showing Westminster in 1889 recorded
984-565: The full range of income- and capital-brackets living in adjacent streets within the area; its central western area had become (by 1850) (the) Devil's Acre in the southern flood-channel ravine of the River Tyburn , yet Victoria Street and other small streets and squares had the highest colouring of social class in London: yellow/gold. Westminster has shed the abject poverty with the clearance of this slum and with drainage improvement, but there
1025-425: The large forestry plantations such as those of Swinley Forest before it reaches Crowthorne : it is used both as a footpath and forestry track, and is well preserved in alignment as a result. The road surface is partly metalled with random stones, and is flanked by drainage ditches in most places. The underlying subsoil and geology consists of sand and gravel, and the whole area will have been heathland before
1066-540: The local government of Westminster was further reformed in 1900, when the court of burgesses and the parish vestries were abolished and replaced by the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster . The borough was given city status at the same time, allowing it to be known as the City of Westminster and its council as Westminster City Council . The City and Liberty of Westminster and the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster were very similar in extent, covering
1107-747: The modern borough with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . Further north, away from the river mouth, Westminster included land on both sides of the Westbourne, notably Knightsbridge (including the parts of Hyde Park west of the Serpentine lake (originally formed by damming the river) and most of Kensington Gardens). Westminster includes the sub-districts of Soho , St James , Mayfair , Covent Garden , Pimlico , Victoria , Belgravia and Knightsbridge (shared with neighbouring Kensington ). The former City of Westminster merged with
1148-611: The monastic dormitory, an extension of the south transept, survive in the Norman Undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community that increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum of about eighty monks. Most of the parishes of Westminster originated as daughter parishes of St Margaret's parish , in
1189-544: The name "Westminster" is casually used as a metonym for the UK Parliament and for the political community of the United Kingdom generally. (The civil service is similarly referred to using the name of the northern sub-neighbourhood which it inhabits, " Whitehall ".) "Westminster" is consequently also used in reference to the Westminster system , the parliamentary model of democratic government that has evolved in
1230-472: The neighbouring boroughs of Paddington and Marylebone in 1965 to form a larger modern borough. These neighbouring areas (except for a small area of Paddington in part of Kensington Gardens), lie north of Oxford Street and its westward continuation, Bayswater Road. The district's open spaces include: The development of the area began with the establishment of Westminster Abbey on a site then called Thorney Island . The site may have been chosen because of
1271-423: The palace housed the developing Parliament and England's law courts . Thus, London developed two focal points: the City of London (financial/economic) and Westminster (political and cultural). The monarchs moved their principal residence to the Palace of Whitehall (1530–1698), then to St James's Palace in 1698, and eventually to Buckingham Palace and other palaces after 1762. The main law courts moved to
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1312-543: The parts of the wider modern City of Westminster south of the Oxford Street , and its continuations Hyde Park Place. The exception is that part of Kensington Gardens , south of that road, are part of Paddington . Westminster merged with St Marylebone and Paddington in 1965, but the combined area was allowed to keep the title City of Westminster . For a list of street name etymologies for Westminster see Street names of Westminster The former Thorney Island ,
1353-405: The recent plantations of Scots pine and Sitka spruce . There are no modern settlements in the forest, and is now just as lonely as it would have been in Roman times. At several points road cuttings in the soil have been made where the gradient steepens, so as to preserve its linear route through the forest. It passes about half a mile to the south of Caesar's Camp near Easthampstead , where
1394-580: The sack of London by Boudica 's troops in 60 or 61. The road ran straight from the bridgehead on the Thames to what would become Newgate on the London Wall before passing over Ludgate Hill and the Fleet , separating into the Devil's Highway and the northwest stretch of Watling Street , going on to Verulamium ( St Albans ). The road passes through Windsor Forest and is especially well defined in
1435-463: The second Baronet. James was the son of Sir Walter Long . Three of Sir James's grandsons, the third, fourth and fifth Baronets, all succeeded in the title. Sir James Long, the 5th Baronet, represented several constituencies in the House of Commons . His son, the 6th baronet, married Lady Emma, daughter of Richard Tylney, 1st Earl Tylney (see Earl Tylney ). Their son, the seventth Baronet, succeeded to
1476-435: The site of Westminster Abbey , formed the historic core of Westminster. The abbey became the traditional venue of the coronations of the kings and queens of England from that of Harold Godwinson (1066) onwards. From about 1200 the Palace of Westminster , near the abbey, became the principal royal residence, a transition marked by the transfer of royal treasury and financial records to Westminster from Winchester . Later
1517-417: The substantial Tylney estates, including Wanstead , on the death of his maternal uncle in 1784 and assumed the additional surname of Tylney. His only son, also James, the eighth Baronet, died young in 1805 and the baronetcy became extinct. Catherine Tylney-Long , daughter of the seventh Baronet and sister of the eighth and last Baronet, inherited the family estates. She married William Wellesley-Pole , later
1558-548: Was a major crossroads . The Devil's Highway connected it with the provincial capital Londinium ( London ). From Calleva, this road divided into routes to various other points west, including the road to Aquae Sulis ( Bath ); Ermin Way to Glevum ( Gloucester ); and the Port Way to Sorviodunum ( Old Sarum near modern Salisbury ). After the Roman conquest of Britain in 43 AD an earlier Iron Age settlement developed into
1599-609: Was based at Westminster Town Hall in Caxton Street from 1883. The Liberty of Westminster, governed by the Westminster Court of Burgesses , also included St Martin in the Fields and several other parishes and places . Westminster had its own quarter sessions , but the Middlesex sessions also had jurisdiction. Under local government reforms in 1889, the area fell within the newly created County of London , and
1640-529: Was buried in the church; and, nine years later, his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II , was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster , is in the Bayeux Tapestry . Some of the lower parts of
1681-495: Was replaced by other routes after the demise of Roman Britain . The bridges at Pontes probably crossed Church Island . At Calleva, the road split into three routes continuing west: the Port Way to Sorviodunum ( Old Sarum ), Ermin Way to Glevum ( Gloucester ), and the road to Aquae Sulis ( Bath ). Its name probably derives from later ignorance of its origin and history, having been replaced for travellers by other roads nearby such as Nine Mile Ride , which runs parallel to