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36-683: Tyneside is a built-up area across the banks of the River Tyne in Northern England . Residents of the area are commonly referred to as Geordies . The whole area is surrounded by the North East Green Belt . The population of Tyneside as published in the 2011 census was 774,891, making it the eighth most-populous urban area in the United Kingdom . In 2013, the estimated population was 832,469. Politically,

72-674: A couple of footpaths of note. One heads west and away from the A694 from close to the King's Head, crossing the River Derwent then continuing along the north bank of the Derwent to Allensford and the A68. The path continues beyond this on the south side of the Derwent to Wharnley Burn Waterfall. The other can be accessed up a set of small stone stairs from the road on crossing the bridge across

108-609: A decline from 879,996; this loss was mainly due to the ONS reclassifying Hetton-le-Hole , Houghton-le-Spring , Chester-le-Street and Washington in the Wearside Built-up Area instead of Tyneside. In both the 2001 and 2011 census the area was given the following subdivisions; Gateshead, Jarrow and Tynemouth had boundary changes: The people of Newcastle, called " Geordies ", have a reputation for their distinctive dialect and accent. Newcastle may have been given this name,

144-543: A facility for the care of people with mental problems being known as "Shotley Bridge Mental Defectives Colony" from 1927 to 1940, when it was converted to an Emergency Hospital to cope with the Second World War , particularly providing plastic surgery , becoming a general hospital in 1948. Although it was once one of the largest of the Northern Region services have been transferred elsewhere, most of

180-617: A local diminutive of the name "George", because their miners used George Stephenson 's safety lamp (invented in 1815 and called a "Georgie lamp") to prevent firedamp explosions, rather than the Davy lamp used elsewhere. An alternative explanation relates that during the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745 the people of Newcastle declared their allegiance to the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, George I and George II ; whereas

216-513: A major tributary of the Tyne that rises in County Durham , saw the development of the steel industry from around 1600 onwards. This was led by German immigrant cutlers and sword-makers, probably from around Solingen , who fled from religious persecution at home and settled in the then village of Shotley Bridge , near Consett . The combination of coal and steel industries in the area was

252-507: A playground for workers. It was during the Victorian era that much of the town's architecture was constructed, including some grand residences and many listed buildings , so that by 1898 it had much of its present form. and a population of over 1000. This also saw the advent of Shotley Bridge railway station (closed 1952) and a gasworks which closed in the 1960s, electric lighting having replaced gas lamps from 1950. The closure of

288-456: A race over a set distance for a side stake. The crews would usually have backers, who would put up the stake money, as they saw the chance of financial gain from the race. In the days before mass attendances at football matches, races on the river were enormously popular, with tens of thousands attending. Betting would go on both before and during a race, the odds changing as the fortunes of the contestants changed. Contestants who became champions of

324-449: A ‘bricks and mortar’ approach, with areas defined as built-up land with a minimum area of 20 hectares (200,000 m ), while settlements within 200 metres of each other are linked. Built-up area sub-divisions are also identified to provide greater detail in the data, especially in the larger conurbations. In reporting the 2001 census , the ONS gave a clearer definition of the term "built-up" as follows: This comprises permanent structures and

360-604: Is a Roman Catholic Church , Our Lady of the Rosary (1952), and an Anglican Church, St Cuthbert's (1850), designed by John Dobson , in the Benfieldside area south-east of the main town. The Methodist Church was built in 1894, and closed in 2014. Shotley Bridge Hospital originated with the acquisition of the Whinney House Estate in 1912. The site was initially used as a tuberculosis hospital but served as

396-517: Is a village, adjoining the town of Consett to the south in County Durham , England, 15 miles northwest of Durham . It is located on the A694 road starting from Consett and Blackhill to the south, then continuing north east to East Law , Ebchester and onward to Swalwell within the borough of Gateshead . Shotley Bridge sits beside the River Derwent which is crossed by the bridge giving

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432-417: Is some evidence from Bede 's writings that it may have been dug as early as 800 AD. Coal was dug from local drift mines and bell pits , and although initially only used locally, it was exported from the port of Newcastle from the mid 14th century onwards. Tyneside had a strategic advantage as far as the coal trade was concerned, because collier brigs could be loaded with coal on the Tyne and could sail down

468-558: Is still a problem compared with some other areas of Britain, expansion of new industries such as tourism , science and high-technology , has fuelled local development, especially in Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Tyneside at current basic prices published by the Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British pounds sterling. List of urban areas in

504-408: Is the site of the (now disused) Anglican parish church, St Andrew's, Shotley , which is high on a hill above the town. It is an eighteenth-century Grade II listed building rebuilt in 1892 because of subsidence due to coal workings below. The current parish church is that of St John at Snod's Edge, also Grade II listed, dating from 1837 when it was founded as a chapel outpost of St Andrew's. There

540-529: The steelworks at Consett in 1980 caused an economic decline, however since then the village has become more popular. In the 17th century a group of swordmakers (Oley, Vooz, Molle and Bertram) from Solingen in Germany settled in Shotley Bridge, in order to escape religious persecution. Shotley Bridge was chosen because of the quality of the ironstone in the area and the softness and fast flow of

576-669: The Derwent to the right (east). This path leads eventually to the Northumberland hamlet of Newlands . This path has the nickname The Way of the Waterfalls due to there being one small waterfall on Mere Burn and two on Small Burn close to the Newlands end of the path. The Derwent Walk is accessible from Blackhill to the south and from the road to Medomsley heading away from the Crown and Crossed Swords pub and A694 to

612-673: The River Derwent. The Oley family were makers of the highest quality swords, rivalling those of Toledo , by using Damascus steel , in great demand during the Napoleonic Wars . They became very wealthy. Their steel production facility was one of the earliest factories for manufacture of steel. The Oley family were involved in the formation of the Consett Iron Company . New weapons and industrialization reduced demand for swords so they diversified into other types of cutlery, but could not compete with Sheffield , and

648-616: The Tyne would often challenge the corresponding champions of the River Thames, and the race would be arranged to take place on one of the two rivers. Rivalry between the Tyne and the Thames was very keen, and rowers who upheld the honour of the Tyne became local heroes. Three such oarsmen, who came from humble backgrounds and became household names in the North East, were Harry Clasper , Robert Chambers and James Renforth . Clasper

684-531: The Tyne. The Tyne had a large number of keelmen and wherrymen, who handled boats as part of their jobs. As on the River Thames , there were competitions to show who was the best oarsman. As a wherryman did not earn very much, competitive rowing was seen as a quick way of earning extra money. Regattas were held, and provided modest prizes for professionals, but the big money was made in challenge races, in which scullers or boat crews would challenge each other to

720-530: The United Kingdom The methodology used by ONS in 2011 is set out in 2011 Built-up Areas – Methodology and Guidance , published in June 2013. When ONS reported the results of the 2011 UK census, it used the term " built-up area " rather than the term "urban area" as used in previous censuses. ONS states, however, that the criteria used to define "built-up area" have not changed: the definition follows

756-417: The area is mainly covered by the metropolitan boroughs of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , Gateshead , North Tyneside and South Tyneside . The boroughs on the Tyne are joint with Wearside which is in both the ceremonial counties of Durham ( Chester-le-Street ) and Tyne and Wear . The ONS 2011 census had 774,891 census respondents inside the "Tyneside Built-up Area" or "Tyneside Urban Area". These figures are

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792-583: The buildings demolished for housing and the current hospital is a much smaller group of modern buildings operating as a community hospital . In the Victorian boom time, the village was often referred to as a town with such enthusiasm that a Town Hall was actually built in 1860. It is one of several buildings from this period in Neogothic style. Another is Shotley Hall by Edward Robson . There are other grand houses from this period which are some of

828-522: The catalyst for further major industrial development in the 19th century, including the shipbuilding industry; at its peak, the Tyneside shipyards were one of the largest centres of shipbuilding in the world and built an entire navy for Japan in the first decade of the 20th century. There is still a working shipyard in Wallsend . From early in the 19th century, it was a custom to hold boat races on

864-479: The east coast to London. In fact, the burgesses of Newcastle formed a cartel, and were known as the Hostmen . The Hostmen were able gain a monopoly over all of the coal exported from Tyneside, a monopoly which lasted a considerable time. A well-known group of workers on the river were the keelmen who handled the keels , boats that carried the coal from the riverbanks to the waiting colliers. The Derwent (valley) ,

900-502: The end of the 19th century professional competitive rowing on the Tyne began a gradual decline and would die out entirely leaving the amateur version. Despite its rapid growth in the Industrial Revolution , Tyneside developed one peculiar local custom, the rapper sword dance, which later spread to neighbouring areas of Northumberland and County Durham. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was major industrial decline in

936-646: The land on which they are situated, including land enclosed by or closely associated with such structures; transportation corridors such as roads, railways and canals which have built up land on one or both sides, or which link built-up sites which are less than 200 metres apart; transportation features such as airports and operational airfields, railway yards, motorway service areas and car parks; mine buildings, excluding mineral workings and quarries; and any area completely surrounded by builtup sites. Areas such as playing fields and golf courses are excluded unless completely surrounded by builtup sites... The list below shows

972-616: The many listed buildings in the area. While the Wesleyan Chapel was demolished, its Sunday School remains and is now the Village Hall. The clergyman's house is now known as The Manse. The 1876 Temperance Hall is now the Assembly Rooms. The Crown and Crossed Swords hotel includes what was once a separate establishment, The Commercial. The King's Head sits opposite the Crown and Crossed Swords. There are

1008-496: The most populated urban areas in the United Kingdom as defined by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), but as readily referenced at Citypopulation.de. The list includes all urban areas with a population in excess of 100,000 at the 2011 census. Hedge End , Locks Heath , Bursledon and Whiteley added. Stubbington and Lee-on-the-Solent removed. Reigate and Redhill removed. Shotley Bridge Shotley Bridge

1044-432: The name. It was once the heart of Britain's swordmaking industry. There were formerly several fords over the River Derwent near this place and in medieval times a wooden bridge. The present stone bridge was widened in 1820, but its original date is not known. The bed of the river itself was the source of stone for millstones , and licences for this are recorded at "Shotley Brig" in 1356. A water-powered corn mill

1080-461: The rest of the county of Northumberland , to the north, stood loyal to James Francis Edward Stuart . While Newcastle upon Tyne had been an important local centre since Roman times, and was a major local market town from the Middle Ages, the development of Newcastle and Tyneside is owed to coal mining . Coal was first known to be dug in Tyneside from superficial seams in around 1200, but there

1116-415: The sword works closed in 1840. Some moved to Birmingham and their business eventually became part of Wilkinson Sword . Evidence of this industry includes grooves in the stones of the river, the fine house inscribed "Cutlers Hall, 1767, William Oley" and the name of the public house "The Crown and Crossed Swords". Before the last remaining cottages occupied by the swordmakers were demolished, there

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1152-408: The traditional British heavy industries , and Tyneside was hit hard. High unemployment rates and the national [Thatcher] government's resolve to push through with economic transformation led to great social unrest with strikes and occasional rioting in depressed areas. From the late 1980s onward, an improving national economy and local regeneration helped the area to recover, and although unemployment

1188-425: The village. However it closed in 1905. A well near the village had unpleasant tasting water rumoured to be effective in curing disease and thus known as the "Hally Well" ( hally = healthy, like hale ). In 1828 a local entrepreneur John Richardson used this as the basis for a Spa which enjoyed considerable success with the well-to-do, becoming less fashionable as industry grew in nearby towns, but being remade as

1224-518: Was a champion rower in fours, as well as an innovative boat designer and a successful rowing coach. Chambers and Renforth were oarsmen who excelled at sculling . Both held the World Sculling Championship at different times. The popularity of all three men was such that when they died, many thousands attended their funeral processions, and magnificent funeral monuments were provided by popular subscription in all three cases. At

1260-518: Was an inscription over the door of the Oley house on Wood Street reading "Das Herren segen machet reich ohn alle Sorg wenn Du zugleich in deinem Stand treu und fleissig bist und tuest alle vas die befolen ist" . This means "The blessing of the Lord makes rich without care, so long as you are industrious in your vocation and do what is ordered you" . The first mention of a chapel at Shotley is in 1165. This

1296-502: Was established in the 14th century, later replaced by a steam-powered one which was sold to the Derwent Co-operative Flour Mill Society Ltd in 1872, and continued until its closure in 1920. A paper mill was established in 1788 (the first in the north of England) and greatly expanded with mechanization so that in 1894 it had 300 hands (half being girls) and was a major factor in the expansion of

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