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25-483: A typographical error (often shortened to typo ), also called a misprint , is a mistake (such as a spelling or transposition error ) made in the typing of printed or electronic material. Historically, this referred to mistakes in manual typesetting . Technically, the term includes errors due to mechanical failure or slips of the hand or finger, but excludes errors of ignorance , such as spelling errors , or changing and misuse of words such as "than" and "then". Before

50-418: A result of human error during typesetting. Traditionally, a proofreader compares the manuscript with the corresponding typeset portion, and then marks any errors (sometimes called "line edits") using standard proofreaders' marks . When using a typewriter without correction tape , typos were commonly struck out with another character such as a strikethrough . This saved the typist the trouble of retyping

75-458: A running joke in the satirical magazine Private Eye . The magazine continues to refer to The Guardian by this name. Typos are common on social media , and some—such as " teh ", " pwned ", and " zomg "—have become in-jokes among Internet groups and subcultures. P0rn is not a typo but an example of obfuscation , where people make a word harder for filtering software to understand while retaining its meaning to human readers. In mapping, it

100-487: A single keystroke. An example is buckled instead of bucked , due to the "L" key being next to the "K" key on the QWERTY keyboard , the most common keyboard for Latin-script alphabets . Historically, the process of converting a manuscript to a printed document required a typesetter to copy the text and print a first "galley proof" (familiarly, "a proof"). It may contain typographical errors ("printer's errors"), as

125-406: A speed that makes them input a later character before an earlier one; or simply fails to keep the correct order in their internal memory while transcribing the text. Transcription and transposition errors are found everywhere, even in professional articles in newspapers or books. They can be missed by editors quite easily, just as they can be created quite easily. The most obvious cure for the errors

150-515: A web page, or into its metadata , can also draw unwitting visitors when they enter these typos in Internet search engines . An example of this is gogole.com instead of google.com which could potentially be harmful to the user. Since the emergence and popularization of online auction sites such as eBay , misspelled auction searches have quickly become lucrative for people searching for deals. The concept on which these searches are based

175-474: Is for the user to watch the screen when they type, and to proofread. If the entry is occurring in data capture forms, databases or subscription forms, the designer of the forms should use input masks or validation rules . Transcription and transposition errors may also occur in syntax when computer programming or programming , within variable declarations or coding parameters. This should be checked by proofreading; some syntax errors may also be picked up by

200-467: Is that, if an individual posts an auction and misspells its description and/or title, regular searches will not find this auction. However, a search that includes misspelled alterations of the original search term in such a way as to create misspellings, transpositions, omissions, double strikes, and wrong key errors would find most misspelled auctions. The resulting effect is that there are far fewer bids than there would be under normal circumstances, allowing

225-487: The arrival of printing , the copyist's mistake or scribal error was the equivalent for manuscripts . Most typos involve simple duplication, omission, transposition, or substitution of a small number of characters. "Fat finger" typing (especially in the financial sector) is a slang term referring to an unwanted secondary action when typing. When a finger is bigger than the touch zone, with touchscreens or keyboards , there can be inaccuracy and one may hit two keys in

250-400: The author will write "[ sic ]" to indicate that an error was in the original quoted source rather than in the transcription. Scribal errors receive a lot of attention in the context of textual criticism . Many of these mistakes are not specific to manuscripts and can be referred to as typos. Some classifications include homeoteleuton and homeoarchy (skipping a line due to the similarity of

275-425: The converse is also true. Transposition error Input : 23 Auguat Instead of : 23 August Input : Jishua Instead of : Joshua A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by optical character recognition (OCR) programs. Human transcription errors are commonly the result of typographical mistakes; putting one's fingers in

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300-493: The cost of a reduced number of entries per unit time. Mathematical transposition errors are easily identifiable. Add up the numbers that make up the difference and the resultant number will always be evenly divisible by nine . For example, (72-27)/9 = 5. Double data entry is considered to be the goldstandard approach, although even when ruled important, it is described emotionally as "laborious". However, as double-entry needs to be carried out by two separate data entry officers,

325-423: The ending or beginning), haplography (copying once what appeared twice), dittography (copying twice what appeared once), contamination (introduction of extraneous elements), metathesis (reversing the order of some elements), unwitting mistranscription of similar elements, mistaking similar looking letters, the substitution of homophones , fission and fusion (joining or separating words). The Wicked Bible omits

350-455: The entire page to eliminate the error, but as evidence of the typo remained, it was not aesthetically pleasing. Correction fluid was invented to hide the original mark and allow the typist to correct the error almost invisibly. Word processing software all but eliminated the need for this solution. In computer forums, sometimes "^H" (a visual representation of the ASCII backspace character)

375-406: The expenses associated with double data entry are substantial. Moreover, in some institutions this may not be possible. Therefore, M. Khushi et al. suggests another semi-automatic technique called 'eAuditor'. Using an audit protocol tool, it was identified that human entry errors range from 0.01% when entering donors' clinical follow-up details, to 0.53% when entering pathological details, highlighting

400-739: The importance of an audit protocol tool in a medical research database. In biology, transcription errors may occur in the process of DNA replication, resulting in genetic mutations. Judas Bible Throughout history, printers' errors , unconventional translations and translation mistakes have appeared in a number of published Bibles . Bibles with features considered to be erroneous are known as Bible errata , and were often destroyed or suppressed due to their contents being considered heretical by some. The Book of Kells features two errors within its text: The Scottish Book of Deer in Cambridge University Library has

425-469: The mistake is corrected with a slip of paper pasted over the misprint. Certain typos, or kinds of typos, have acquired widespread notoriety and are occasionally used deliberately for humorous purposes. For instance, the British newspaper The Guardian is sometimes referred to as The Grauniad due to its reputation for frequent typesetting errors in the era before computer typesetting. This usage began as

450-417: The program the author is using to write the code. Common desktop publishing and word processing applications use spell checkers and grammar checkers , which may pick up on some transcription/transposition errors; however, these tools cannot catch all errors, as some errors form new words which are grammatically correct. For instance, if the user wished to write "The fog was dense", but instead put "The dog

475-399: The same thing. As the name suggests, transposition errors occur when characters have “transposed”—that is, they have switched places. This often occurs in the course of transcription; thus a transposition error is a special case of a transcription error. Transposition errors are almost always human in origin. The most common way for characters to be transposed is when a user is touch typing at

500-504: The searcher to obtain the item for less. A series of third-party websites have sprung up allowing people to find these items. Another kind of typo—informally called an " atomic typo "—is a typo that happens to result in a correctly spelled word that is different from the intended one. Since it is spelled correctly, a simple spellchecker cannot find the mistake. The term was used at least as early as 1995 by Robert Terry. A few illustrative examples include: and many more. For any of these,

525-574: The word "not" in the commandment , " thou shalt not commit adultery ". The Judas Bible is a copy of the second folio edition of the authorized version, printed by Robert Barker , printer to James VI and I , in 1613, and given to the church for the use of the Mayor of Totnes. This edition is known as the Judas Bible because in Matthew 26:36 " Judas " appears instead of " Jesus ". In this copy,

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550-607: The wrong place while touch typing is the easiest way to make this error. Electronic transcription errors occur when the scan of some printed matter is compromised or in an unusual font – for example, if the paper is crumpled, or the ink is smudged, the OCR may make transcription errors when reading. Input : Gergory Instead of : Gregory Input : 23 Auguts Instead of : 23 August Input : NO REGERTS Instead of : NO REGRETS "Transposition error" may be confused with "transcription error", but they do not mean

575-495: Was common practice to include deliberate errors so that copyright theft could be identified. Typosquatting is a form of cybersquatting that relies on typographical errors made by users of the Internet. Typically, the cybersquatter will register a likely typo of a frequently-accessed website address in the hope of receiving traffic when internet users mistype that address into a web browser . Deliberately introducing typos into

600-425: Was dense", a grammar and spell checker would not notify the user because both phrases are grammatically correct, as is the spelling of the word "dog". Unfortunately, this situation is likely to get worse before it gets better, as workload for users and workers using manual direct data entry (DDE) devices increases. Double entry (or more) may also be leveraged to minimize transcription or transposition error, but at

625-474: Was used to " erase " intentional typos: "Be nice to this fool^H^H^H^Hgentleman, he's visiting from corporate HQ." In instant messaging , users often send messages in haste and only afterward notice the typo. It is common practice to correct the typo by sending a subsequent message in which an asterisk (*) is placed before (or after) the correct word. In formal prose, it is sometimes necessary to quote text containing typos or other doubtful words. In such cases,

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