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43-468: The 329-square-kilometre (127 sq mi) municipality is the 254th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tønsberg is the 17th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 58,561. The municipality's population density is 179.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (465/sq mi) and its population has increased by 16.6% over the previous 10-year period. Tønsberg Municipality

86-511: A shaman . There were also the skeletal remains of 14 horses , an ox, and three dogs found on the ship. According to Per Holck of the University of Oslo , the younger woman's mitochondrial haplogroup was discovered to be U7 . Her direct maternal ancestors came to Norway from the Pontic littoral, probably Iran. Three subsequent studies failed to confirm these results, however, and it

129-537: A broad steering oar, iron anchor, gangplank, and a bailer. The bow and stern of the ship are elaborately decorated with complex woodcarvings in the characteristic "gripping beast" style, also known as the Oseberg style . During the debate on whether to move the original ship to a proposed new museum, thorough investigations were made into the feasibility of moving the ship without damaging it. As part of that process, highly detailed photographic and laser scans of both

172-664: A large burial mound at the Oseberg farm near Tønsberg in Vestfold county, Norway . This ship is commonly acknowledged to be among the finest artifacts to have survived from the Viking Age . The ship and some of its contents are displayed at the Viking Ship Museum at Bygdøy on the western side of Oslo, Norway . Excavation of the ship from the Oseberg burial mound (Norwegian: Oseberghaugen ved Slagen from

215-427: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Oseberg Ship The Oseberg ship (Norwegian: Osebergskipet ) is a well-preserved Viking ship discovered in

258-553: A long time, the city and municipality did not have a formal coat of arms , but instead an old medieval seal dating back to 1349 was used in its place. The blue and white circular seal shows the Tønsberg Fortress surrounded by a ring wall on a mountain with the sea in front. There is also a longship in the water in front of the fortress. Around the seal are the Latin words SIGILLVM BVRGENSIVM D'TVNESBER which means "This

301-652: A suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population

344-439: A very fine red wool dress with a lozenge twill pattern (a luxury commodity) and a fine white linen veil in a gauze weave, while the other wore a plainer blue wool dress with a wool veil, possibly showing some stratification in their social status. Neither woman wore anything entirely made of silk, although small silk strips were appliqued onto a tunic worn under the red dress. Dendrochronological analysis of timbers in

387-596: Is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Vestfold District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Tønsberg is made up of 43 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Tønsberg: Tønsberg

430-462: Is a Karve , clinker built , almost entirely of oak . It is 21.58 metres (70.8 ft) in length and 5.10 metres (16.7 ft) broad, with a mast of approximately 9–10 metres (30–33 ft) in height. With a likely sail area of 90 square metres (970 sq ft), the ship could have achieved a speed of up to 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The ship has 15 pairs of openings for oars, enabling up to 30 people to row it. Other fittings include

473-553: Is a seedling , symbolizing local agriculture . This seedling or sprout has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The Church of Norway has nine parishes ( sokn ) within the municipality of Tønsberg. It is part of the Tønsberg domprosti (arch- deanery ) in the Diocese of Tunsberg . The city of Tønsberg has existed for centuries. On 1 January 1838,

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516-452: Is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is

559-553: Is a municipality in Vestfold County , on the western shore of the Oslofjord . Tønsberg lies north of Færder Municipality , west and south of Horten Municipality , and east of Sandefjord Municipality . Most of the municipality lies on the mainland plus a small area on the north end of the island of Nøtterøy . Just south of Tønsberg are the islands of Nøtterøy and Tjøme , which are tourist destinations. The bedrock in

602-404: Is also a lot of summer tourism along the coast. Tønsberg Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor

645-445: Is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density

688-773: Is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

731-407: Is home to Tønsberg Fortress on Castle Mountain, which includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis , Norway's largest castle in the 13th century. Tønsberg is also home of Oseberg Mound , where the 9th-century Oseberg Ship was excavated. The large city of Tønsberg was founded in the 9th century, one of the oldest cities in Norway, and it is also the 9th largest city in Norway. The town of Tønsberg

774-407: Is likely that the bone samples contain little (if any) original DNA or have been contaminated through handling. Examinations of fragments of the skeletons have provided more insight into their lives. The younger woman's teeth showed signs that she used a metal toothpick, a rare 9th century luxury. Both women had a diet composed mainly of meat, another luxury when most Vikings ate fish. However, there

817-428: Is not clear which one was the more important in life or whether one was sacrificed to accompany the other in death. The younger woman had a broken collarbone , initially thought to be evidence that she was a human sacrifice , but closer examination showed that the bone had been healing for several weeks. The opulence of the burial rite and the grave-goods suggests that this was a burial of very high status. One woman wore

860-562: Is the connection between the patterned enamel torso and similar human figures in the Gospel books of the Insular art of Ireland , such as the Book of Durrow . More mundane items such as agricultural and household tools were also found. A series of textiles included woolen garments, imported silks , and narrow tapestries . The Oseberg burial is one of the few sources of Viking Age textiles, and

903-410: Is the seal of Tunsberg". In preparation for the merger of Re and Tønsberg Municipalities, a new coat of arms was adopted in 2018 for use starting on 1 January 2020. The blazon is " Per pale argent a longship stem azure and azure a seedling argent " . This means the arms are divided with a vertical line . The field (background) to the right of the line has a tincture of azure . To

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946-534: The Old Norse word haugr meaning kurgan mound or barrow) was undertaken by Swedish archaeologist Gabriel Gustafson and Norwegian archaeologist Haakon Shetelig in 1904–1905. The grave also contained two female human skeletons as well as a considerable number of grave goods . Scientific dating of the ship suggests it was buried no earlier than 834, although certain parts of its structure date from as early as 800, while other parts may be even older. The ship

989-400: The formannskapsdistrikt law went into effect, making all cities and rural parishes across Norway into civil municipalities with self-governing councils. The city of Tønsberg was surrounded by Sem Municipality for many years until 1988 when Sem Municipality and the city of Tønsberg were merged, creating a new Tønsberg Municipality with a much larger size and population than the city was before

1032-542: The Viking Age, this newest Oseberg ship was successfully completed. The new ship was launched from the city of Tønsberg on 20 June 2012. The ship floated very well and in March 2014 it was sailed on the open seas, with Færder as its destination; the ship performed very well, achieving a speed of 10 knots under full sail. The reconstruction was thus a success and demonstrated that the Oseberg ship really could have sailed and

1075-613: The city of Tønsberg in the far southern part of the newly merged municipality. Since the municipality was enlarged, Tønsberg is now the largest agricultural municipality, with an agricultural area of about 117,000 decares (117 km; 45 sq mi) (2018). Cereal cultivation dominates, but vegetable production is significant. Tønsberg is the municipality in Vestfold that has the highest number of cattle (both dairy and meat cows). In forestry, 43,000 cubic metres (1,500,000 cu ft) of trees were harvested in 2018, about 80% of which

1118-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

1161-403: The exterior and interior of the ship were made. In 2004, an attempt to build a copy of the Oseberg ship was launched. A collective effort of Norwegian and Danish professional builders, scientists and volunteers engaged in this new attempt with the photo and laser scans made available free of charge to the builders. During this new attempt, it was discovered that during the initial restoration of

1204-439: The first Tønsberg Church was built there centuries ago. The first element is the genitive case of tún ( n ) which means "fenced area", "garden", or "field around a dwelling". The last element is berg ( n ) which means "mountain" or "rock". The name originally referred to the fortifications on Slottsfjellet . The old spelling of the name has been retained in the name of the local diocese , Tunsberg bispedømme . For

1247-588: The grave chamber dates the burial to the autumn of 834. Although the high-ranking woman's identity is unknown, it has been suggested that she is Queen Åsa of the Yngling clan, mother of Halfdan the Black and grandmother of Harald Fairhair . Recent tests of the women's remains suggest that they lived in Agder in Norway, as had Queen Åsa. This theory has been challenged, however, and some think that she may have been

1290-434: The merger. The city continued on as the administrative centre of the new municipality. In 2017, the village of Vear was transferred into Tønsberg Municipality from Stokke Municipality . In 2020, the neighboring Re Municipality was merged with Tønsberg Municipality, more than doubling its size again. The new Tønsberg Municipality included much more rural area than urban area, with most of the urban settlements in and around

1333-427: The municipality consists entirely of igneous rocks. The landscape is characterized by slightly hilly, elongated and wooded hills with crevasse valleys running north-south and with heights in the western part of the municipality reaching as high as the 400-metre (1,300 ft) tall Snippane, just west of Vivestad . Streams and rivers follow the north-south running valleys. The Storelva river, which flows centrally through

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1376-537: The municipality from north to south, and the Merkedamselva river in the west unite and become the river Aulielva which then flows into the Tønsbergfjorden . Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It

1419-510: The number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore,

1462-461: The right of the line, the field has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. There are two charges on the arms. The charge on the left side is a longship stem , symbolizing the one on the Oseberg Ship and the great Viking Age history in the area. This stem has a tincture of azure . The charge on the right side

1505-448: The ship a breach in some of the beams had been made and that the ship was therefore inadvertently altered, a fact that had not been appreciated earlier. This may be why an earlier replica, the 'Dronningen' , sank; this previous attempt had failed owing to a lack of this knowledge. In 2010, a new reconstruction project called Saga Oseberg was started. Using timber from Denmark and Norway and utilizing traditional building methods from

1548-464: The so-called " Buddha bucket " ( Buddha-bøtte ), a brass and cloisonné enamel ornament of a bucket (pail) handle in the shape of a figure sitting with crossed legs. The bucket is made from yew wood, held together with brass strips, and the handle is attached to two anthropomorphic figures compared to depictions of the Buddha in the lotus posture , although any connection is most uncertain. More relevant

1591-599: The worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed

1634-452: Was spruce . The city of Tønsberg has long traditions in shipping, industry, and trade. Today, the municipal business-base is predominantly small and medium-sized companies. The most important industries are the food industry, including a large slaughterhouse ( Nortura ) and a large dairy ( Tine ), as well as a flatbread factory. The workshop industry is also significant, particularly the metal goods industry. Esso 's refinery at Slagentangen

1677-628: Was closed in 2021. There is also a large silverware factory and the country's only bell foundry at Nauen in Sem ( Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry ). The most important industrial areas are located along the Canal and the adjacent areas of Byfjorden, both on the mainland and the Nøtterøy side. Important industrial areas are also found along the Oslofjord from Husøy and northwards to Vallø and Slagentangen. There

1720-437: Was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1877, the growing town of Tønsberg was enlarged by taking an area from Sem Municipality (population: 61) and another area from Nøtterøy Municipality (population: 102). On 1 January 1980, an unpopulated area of Nøtterøy Municipality was transferred to the town of Tønsberg. On 1 January 1988, the town of Tønsberg (population: 8,896)

1763-453: Was merged with Sem Municipality (population: 21,948) to form a new, much larger Tønsberg Municipality. On 1 January 2017, the village of Vear was transferred from Stokke Municipality to the neighboring Tønsberg Municipality. On 1 January 2020, Tønsberg Municipality merged with the neighboring Re Municipality to form a much larger municipality. The municipality is named after the old town of Tønsberg ( Old Norse : Túnsberg ) since

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1806-426: Was not enough DNA to tell if they were related. The women were found together in one bed. The grave had been disturbed in antiquity, and objects made of precious metals were absent. Nevertheless, a great number of everyday items and artifacts were found during the 1904–1905 excavations. These included four elaborately decorated sleighs, a richly carved four-wheel wooden cart, bed-posts, and wooden chests, as well as

1849-416: Was not just a burial chamber on land. The skeletons of two women were found in the grave with the ship. One, probably aged around 80, suffered badly from arthritis . The older woman also had Morgagni's syndrome , which would have given her a masculine appearance and beard. The second was initially believed to be aged 25–30, but analysis of tooth-root translucency suggests she was older (aged 50–55). It

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