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23-498: Türbe refers to a Muslim mausoleum , tomb or grave often in the Turkish-speaking areas and for the mausolea of Ottoman sultans, nobles and notables. A typical türbe is located in the grounds of a mosque or complex, often endowed by the deceased. However, some are more closely integrated into surrounding buildings. Many are relatively small buildings, often domed and hexagonal or octagonal in shape, containing

46-469: A burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery , a churchyard or on private land. In the United States ,

69-435: A cemetery can be used for funeral services. Demir Baba Teke 43°44′19″N 26°45′07″E  /  43.73863°N 26.75196°E  / 43.73863; 26.75196 Demir Baba Teke ( Bulgarian : Демир баба теке ; Turkish : Demir Baba Tekkesi ) is a 16th-century Alevi mausoleum ( türbe ) near the village of Sveshtari , Isperih municipality, Razgrad Province in northeastern Bulgaria . As part of

92-460: A residential building and a low stone fence surrounding the complex. A small exhibition in the residential building explains the story of the Alevis and Demir Baba himself. Demir Baba Teke was proclaimed a monument of culture of local importance in 1970 by the government of the then- People's Republic of Bulgaria . The mausoleum was renovated in 1991–1994: the decaying wooden floor was replaced with

115-496: A simple inscription , which are, or were originally, covered by rich cloth drapes. Usually these sarcophagi are symbolic, and the actual body lies below the floor. At the head of the tomb a wooden pole was sometimes surmounted by a white cloth Ottoman turban (for men) or by a turban carved in stone. Earlier examples often had two or more storeys, following the example of the Ilkhanate and Persian tombs on which they were modelled;

138-416: A single chamber. More minor türbes are usually kept closed although the interior can be sometimes be glimpsed through metal grilles over the windows or door. The exterior is typically masonry, perhaps with tiled decoration over the doorway, but the interior often contains large areas of painted tilework, which may be of the highest quality. Inside, the body or bodies repose in plain sarcophagi , perhaps with

161-528: A site for Alevi pilgrims from throughout Turkey. At the peak of the Ottoman empire , under Gazi Husrev-beg Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina, became one of the biggest and most important Ottoman cities in the Balkans after Istanbul, with the largest marketplace (modern day Baščaršija ), and numerous mosques, which by the middle of the 16th century numbered more than 100. By 1660, the population of Sarajevo

184-730: A street close to the complex is the small türbe of its famous architect Mimar Sinan , in what was his garden. In Konya the grounds of the 12th-century Alâeddin Mosque contain two conical-roofed early türbes containing the remains of members of the Seljuk Rum dynasty. The town is also home to the türbe of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi , which is a major shrine and pilgrimage point. In Konya, as in Kayseri, türbes are also referred to as Kümbets . The Ottoman capital before

207-436: Is covered with plain blue tiles, despite the name of the tomb suggesting that they are green. In Bulgaria, the heptagonal türbes of dervish saints such as Kıdlemi Baba, Ak Yazılı Baba, Demir Baba and Otman Baba served as the centers of Bektashi tekkes (gathering places) before 1826. The türbe of Haji Bektash Veli is located in the original Bektashi tekke (now a museum) in the town that now bears his name and remains

230-509: Is known about the Turkish person entombed in the türbe of Idrisz Baba; however, he was considered to be a holy man with the power to work miracles. It was later used as a storage facility for gunpowder. The türbe has been furnished with a mausoleum, embroidered sheet, and prayer mat by the Turkish government. Both the türbe of Idrisz Baba and the türbe of Gül Baba are places of pilgrimage for Muslims. Mausoleum The word mausoleum (from

253-791: The Ancient Greek : μαυσωλεῖον ) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus , the Persian satrap of Caria , whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Mausolea were historically, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with

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276-504: The Battle of Kosovo in 1389, were buried in a türbe there while the rest of his body was carried back to his capital at Bursa to be buried in a second türbe. The word is derived from the Arabic تُرْبَة turbah (meaning "soil/ground/earth" ), which can also mean a mausoleum , but more often a funerary complex, or a plot in a cemetery. Istanbul is home to the türbes of most of

299-491: The Malek Tomb is a good example of this. The Ottoman style is also supposed to reflect the shape of the tents used by the earlier nomadic Ottomans and their successors when on military campaigns. Sultans often had their tombs built during their lifetimes, although those of other family members (and some sultans) were constructed after their deaths. The vital organs of Sultan Murad I , assassinated just after his victory at

322-490: The Sboryanovo historical and archaeological reserve, Demir Baba Teke is one of the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria . The mausoleum is thought to be the resting place of Demir Baba, a 16th-century Alevi saint. The tomb itself is a heptagonal building constructed out of local sandstone . It has a lower rectangular antechamber and is covered by a hemispherical dome 11 metres (36 ft) in height. Demir Baba's grave lies in

345-585: The gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire , these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside Rome . When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use. Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during the early modern and modern periods . A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses

368-407: The 4th century BC. A cult complex ( tekke ) gradually emerged around the türbe . This included a holy spring, a mosque that was mentioned by travellers in the 18th and 19th centuries but was then destroyed, and a wooden public kitchen ( imaret ) which was pulled down in 1976 due to its deteriorating condition. The tekke features that have survived until today are the mausoleum, the holy spring,

391-608: The Ottoman sultans as well as to many of the grand viziers and other notables. Turkey also has türbes associated with several Sufi saints of the Ottoman Empire . The Süleymaniye Mosque complex in Istanbul includes some of the most famous türbes , including that of Suleyman himself (1550s) – perhaps the most splendid of all Ottoman türbes – and that of his wife Hürrem Sultan , with some extremely fine tilework. In

414-487: The conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Bursa is home to the türbes of most of the earlier sultans including Osman I and his son, Orhan . Türbes in the grounds of the lovely Muradiye Complex contain the remains of Murad II and several princes. The Yeşil Türbe (Green Türbe), a large three-story tower in the grounds of the Yeşil Mosque , houses the beautifully tiled sarcophagus of Mehmed I . Much of its exterior

437-608: The heart of Old town of Travnik, where they stand today. The türbe of Idrisz Baba stands in Pécs , Hungary and was built in 1591. It features an octagonal base and domed sepulchre , with ogee-shaped lower windows and circular upper windows on the facade. It is one of only two surviving türbes of its kind in Hungary (the other is the Tomb of Gül Baba ), and plays an important role in the record of Ottoman architecture in Hungary. Not much

460-430: The middle of the heptagonal inner premises. Constructed out of bricks and wood, the sarcophagus is 3.74 metres (12.3 ft) in length and is positioned with the saint's head pointing southwest. The sarcophagus is usually entirely covered by gifts and is only rarely displayed to Alevi pilgrims. The mausoleum is thought to have been constructed in the 16th century on what was probably an ancient Thracian holy site from

483-542: The most representative Ottoman structures in the Balkans. Gazi Husrev-beg's turbe is located in the mosque courtyard. Travnik , in modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, became the capital of the Ottoman province of Bosnia and residence of the Bosnian viziers after 1699, when Sarajevo was set ablaze by Prince Eugene of Savoy . The Grand Viziers were sometimes buried in Travnik, and türbe shrines were erected in their honour in

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506-538: The term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called crypts or catacombs . A chapel mausoleum or mausoleum chapel in

529-570: Was estimated to be over 80,000. Husrev-beg greatly shaped the physical city, as most of what is now the Old Town was built during his reign. The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque (Bosnian: Gazi Husrev-begova Džamija, Turkish: Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii), is a mosque in Sarajevo historic marketplace Baščaršija, and it was built in 16th century. It is the largest historical mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of

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