138-541: Theodore John Kaczynski ( / k ə ˈ z ɪ n s k i / kə- ZIN -skee ; May 22, 1942 – June 10, 2023), also known as the Unabomber ( / ˈ j uː n ə b ɒ m ər / YOO -nə-bom-ər ), was an American mathematician and domestic terrorist . He was a mathematics prodigy , but abandoned his academic career in 1969 to pursue a reclusive primitive lifestyle . Kaczynski murdered three people and injured 23 others between 1978 and 1995 in
276-469: A Phoenix , I burst from the ashes of my despair to a glorious new hope." In 1967, Kaczynski's dissertation, Boundary Functions , won the Sumner B. Myers Prize for Michigan's best mathematics dissertation of the year. Allen Shields , his doctoral advisor , called it "the best I have ever directed", and Maxwell Reade, a member of his dissertation committee , said, "I would guess that maybe 10 or 12 men in
414-433: A recluse while learning survival skills to become self-sufficient . After witnessing the destruction of the wilderness surrounding his cabin, he concluded that living in nature was becoming impossible and resolved to fight industrialization and its destruction of nature through terrorism. In 1979, Kaczynski became the subject of what was, by the time of his arrest in 1996, the longest and most expensive investigation in
552-437: A "kook ideology" and Nazism as "evil". Kaczynski never tried to align himself with the far-right at any point before or after his arrest. He also criticized conservatives , describing them as "fools who whine about the decay of traditional values, yet... enthusiastically support technological progress and economic growth"—things he argues have led to this decay. James Q. Wilson , in a 1998 New York Times op-ed, wrote: "If it
690-688: A "terrorist threat" by the FBI. The RAND Corporation has called it the "first truly nationwide terrorist network" in the United States. Atomwaffen Division (AWD) or simply Atomwaffen is a neo-Nazi organization based in Florida that promotes former American Nazi Party and National Socialist Liberation Front (NSLF) member convict James Mason 's Siege and "Universal Order" ideology as well as race war against minorities, Jews, and LGBT people. Atomwaffen also draws influence from Nazi esotericism and
828-525: A Canadian court on the grounds that they were considered combatants rather than criminals. Less than a week after Confederate general Robert E. Lee had surrendered to Union forces, marking the Union's victory in the American Civil War , a circle of Confederate sympathizers conspired to murder President Abraham Lincoln and members of his Cabinet in the hope of creating chaos and overthrowing
966-623: A Chilean mining community, raping women, burning houses, and lynching two men. Abolitionist John Brown with like-minded settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas. The Mountain Meadows massacre was a series of attacks on the Baker–Fancher emigrant wagon train, at Mountain Meadows in southern Utah. The attacks began on September 7 and culminated on September 11, 1857, resulting in
1104-435: A Missouri state trooper. The CSA collapsed following an FBI and ATF siege in 1985. Earth Liberation Front was labeled a serious domestic terrorist threat by the FBI in the early 2000s. Most notable for their arsons resulting in millions of dollars in damage, they have also vandalized and destroyed vehicles, construction and logging equipment, and buildings. For example, William Cottrell was indicted in 2004 for his role in
1242-786: A bomb consisting of a timing device and fifteen sticks of dynamite to explode at a historically black church in Birmingham, Alabama , that was a local focus of the Civil Rights struggle. The explosion killed four girls between the ages of 11 and 14 and did much other local damage. Three perpetrators were eventually caught years later and sentenced to life imprisonment for their roles. There had been other bombings in Birmingham, then grimly known as " Bombingham " for such attacks. From 1978 to 1995, Harvard University graduate and former mathematics professor Theodore "Ted" Kaczynski – known by
1380-591: A bomb disguised as a piece of lumber injured Gary Wright in the parking lot of a computer store in Salt Lake City , Utah; nerves in Wright's left arm were severed, and at least 200 pieces of shrapnel entered his body. Kaczynski was spotted while planting the Salt Lake City bomb. This led to a widely distributed sketch of the suspect as a hooded man with a mustache and aviator sunglasses . In 1993, after
1518-479: A car bomb after he publicly condemned Cuban exile violence. These cases of terrorism were extensively documented by Joan Didion in the book Miami . Human Rights Watch released a report in 1992 in which it claimed that the more extreme exiles have created a political environment in Miami where "moderation can be a dangerous position." Animal Liberation Front (ALF) was labelled a serious domestic terrorist threat by
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#17328019365451656-409: A family meeting without Kaczynski later that year to map out their future. On October 2, 1990, Kaczynski's father shot and killed himself in his home. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski mailed or hand-delivered a series of increasingly sophisticated bombs that cumulatively killed three people and injured 23 others. Sixteen bombs were attributed to Kaczynski. While the bombing devices varied widely through
1794-493: A fellow alumnus at Harvard University , wrote in 2000 for The Atlantic that "it is true that many believed Kaczynski was insane because they needed to believe it. But the truly disturbing aspect of Kaczynski and his ideas is not that they are so foreign but that they are so familiar." He argued: "We need to see Kaczynski as exceptional—madman or genius—because the alternative is so much more frightening." University of Michigan–Dearborn philosophy professor David Skrbina wrote
1932-626: A fellow student and were asked to write essays detailing their personal beliefs and aspirations. The essays were given to an anonymous individual who would confront and belittle the subject in what Murray himself called "vehement, sweeping, and personally abusive" attacks, using the content of the essays as ammunition. Kaczynski spent 200 hours as part of the study. Kaczynski's lawyers later attributed his hostility towards mind control techniques to his participation in Murray's study. Kaczynski stated he resented Murray and his co-workers, primarily because of
2070-468: A female householder with no husband present, and 30.68% were non-families. 28.45% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.30 and the average family size was 2.67. The village's age distribution consisted of 23.6% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
2208-414: A lifestyle was typical in the area. Kaczynski's cabin was described by a census taker in the 1990 census as containing a bed, two chairs, storage trunks , a gas stove, and lots of books. Starting in 1975, Kaczynski performed acts of sabotage including arson and booby trapping against developments near his cabin. He also dedicated himself to reading about sociology and political philosophy , including
2346-515: A lone gunman. No deaths were attributed to left-wing groups. A June 2020 study by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) reported that over 25 years of domestic terrorism incidents, the majority of attacks and plots had come from far-right attackers. The trend had accelerated in recent years, with this sector responsible for about 66% of attacks and plots in 2019, and 90% of those in 2020. The next most potentially dangerous group
2484-513: A mail bomb addressed to previous president William Dennison, who had retired. Geneticist Phillip Sharp at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology received a threatening letter shortly afterwards. Active Defunct Publications Works In 1995, Kaczynski mailed several letters to media outlets outlining his goals and demanding a major newspaper print his 35,000-word essay Industrial Society and Its Future (dubbed
2622-430: A more advanced mathematics class, he soon mastered the material. He skipped the eleventh grade, and, by attending summer school, he graduated at age 15. Kaczynski was one of his school's five National Merit finalists and was encouraged to apply to Harvard University . While still at age 15, he was accepted to Harvard and entered the university on a scholarship in 1958 at age 16. A high school classmate later said Kaczynski
2760-495: A nationwide mail bombing campaign against people he believed to be advancing modern technology and the destruction of the natural environment . He authored Industrial Society and Its Future , a 35,000-word manifesto and social critique which opposes all forms of technology , rejecting leftism , and advocating a nature-centered form of anarchism . In 1971, Kaczynski moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water near Lincoln, Montana , where he lived as
2898-463: A political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature. Under current United States law , outlined in the USA PATRIOT Act , acts of domestic terrorism are those which: "(A) involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State; (B) appear to be intended – (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence
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#17328019365453036-465: A post-mortem donor. Realizing he had the opportunity "get it all started," Lawler decided to attempt the medical first on a chronically ill patient in dire need of a new kidney. The recipient of the first successful organ transplantation was Ruth Tucker, a 44-year-old Chicago-area woman who suffered from terminal polycystic kidney disease . Tucker amazingly survived for another 5 years. Dr. Lawler's pioneering achievement did not escape criticism. He
3174-491: A professor of materials engineering at Northwestern University . On May 25, 1978, a package bearing Crist's return address was found in a parking lot at the University of Illinois at Chicago . The package was "returned" to Crist, who was suspicious because he had not sent it, so he contacted campus police. Officer Terry Marker opened the package, which exploded and caused minor injuries. Kaczynski had returned to Chicago for
3312-542: A raid on Harper's Ferry arsenal to get weapons for arming slaves to resist slavery. Most of his men were killed, and he was tried for treason and hanged. On August 21, 1863, the Confederate guerrilla group Quantrill's Raiders led by William Quantrill raided on the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas due to the town's long support of abolition . They ransacked the entire town and massacred about 190 civilians in
3450-517: A remote cabin he had built outside Lincoln, Montana , where he could live a simple life with little money and without electricity or running water, working odd jobs and receiving significant financial support from his family. Kaczynski's original goal was to become self-sufficient so he could live autonomously. He used an old bicycle to get to town, and a volunteer at the local library said he visited frequently to read classic works in their original languages. Other Lincoln residents said later that such
3588-600: A sausage maker. The two were Polish Americans who were raised as Roman Catholics but later became atheists . They married on April 11, 1939. From first to fourth grade (ages six to nine), Kaczynski attended Sherman Elementary School in Chicago, where administrators described him as healthy and well-adjusted. In 1952, three years after his brother David was born, the family moved to suburban Evergreen Park , Illinois, and Ted transferred to Evergreen Park Central Junior High School. After testing scored his IQ at 167, he skipped
3726-515: A series of arsons and vandalisms to more than 120 SUVs in California, resulting in more than $ 2.5 million in damages. Michael James Scarpitti was convicted of a "series of arson and property destruction attacks in 2002 and 2003 against sport utility vehicles, fast food restaurants, construction vehicles, and construction sites" in Virginia. "Eight of the terrorist incidents that occurred in
3864-445: A six-year break, Kaczynski mailed a bomb to the home of Charles Epstein from the University of California, San Francisco . Epstein lost several fingers upon opening the package. In the same weekend, Kaczynski mailed a bomb to David Gelernter , a computer science professor at Yale University . Gelernter lost sight in one eye, hearing in one ear, and a portion of his right hand. In 1994, Burson-Marsteller executive Thomas J. Mosser
4002-628: A star-shaped park with eight streets radiating from it. The evergreen trees planted in the park inspired the village's name. The location and layout of the park was intended to be the center of town, but 95th St and Kedzie Ave. later proved a more accurate midpoint. After the death of Mayor Henry Klein shortly after the village's 75th anniversary, the park was renamed Klein Park in his honor. In 1888 St. Mary's Cemetery opened, and mourners traveled by train from Chicago. Restaurants and taverns were created to provide meals for cemetery visitors. Within five years,
4140-400: A team of doctors that performed the hazardous and highly controversial operation. In order to prepare for the experimental procedure, Lawler spent several years researching and practicing various organ transplants and used canines as the testing subjects. He concluded through his research that the most probable means of achieving success for organ transplantation would involve a human kidney from
4278-399: A well located behind the village hall as their water source. In the early 20th century, many residents still farmed and there were many open fields within the town limits. As a result, fire was a constant threat and the water supply was scarce. In July 1918, a spark from a passing train set the original village hall on fire. Despite villagers' attempts to douse the flames, the village hall
Ted Kaczynski - Misplaced Pages Continue
4416-454: A widely supported racial domestic terrorist campaign to enforce racial subordination and segregation in the South and beyond between Reconstruction and World War II . In July 2020, the FBI began investigating the alleged attempted lynching of Vauhxx Booker, a Bloomington Indiana civil rights activist and local official. Video of the incident showed five men pinning Booker down. Booker said
4554-433: Is a defined crime in federal law, acts of domestic terrorism are charged under specific laws, such as killing federal agents or "attempting to use explosives to destroy a building in interstate commerce". Citizens suspected of terrorism are usually investigated and arrested by federal law enforcement, such as the FBI. For instance, from 2016 to 2018, the FBI arrested 355 suspects on charges related to domestic terrorism. Per
4692-492: Is a loose network of individuals and groups connected by ideological affinity and the determination to use force to end abortion in the United States. Acts of anti-abortion violence increased in the mid-1990s culminating in a series of bombings by Eric Robert Rudolph , whose targets included two abortion clinics, a gay and lesbian night club, and the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta . Letters sent to newspapers claim responsibility for
4830-495: Is a village in Cook County, Illinois , United States. In 2020, the population was 19,943. The village shares a border with Chicago on the north, east, and south sides; while also sharing a border with Oak Lawn on the west side. As early as 1828, a German farming family had settled in the area of what is now Evergreen Park. In the succeeding decades, other German immigrants arrived. Kedzie Avenue and 95th Street crisscrossed
4968-549: Is considered one of the worst incidents of racial violence in United States History. The attack, carried out on the ground and by air, destroyed more than 35 blocks of the district, did $ 30 million (2017 dollars) in damage, left 10,000 people homeless and up to 300 dead in a town considered the wealthiest black community in the nation. On Sunday, September 15, 1963, members of the United Klans of America set
5106-407: Is likely this issue would be decided within the next 40 to 100 years. He stated that the task of those who oppose industrial society is to promote stress within and upon the society and to propagate an anti-technology ideology, one that offers the counter-ideal of nature. Kaczynski added that a revolution would be possible only when industrial society is sufficiently unstable. A significant portion of
5244-499: Is slightly more Democratic than in 2000 when Bush lost to Al Gore 51.13% to 45.60% in the village. The most Republican area of the village is the Southwest quadrant which went for Bush both years. (In 2000 Bush won 51.29% to 45.24%, and in 2004, Bush won 49.91% to 49.31%.). The current mayor of Evergreen Park is Kelly Burke . Pace and CTA provide bus service on multiple routes connecting Evergreen Park to destinations across
5382-423: Is the work of a madman, then the writings of many political philosophers— Jean Jacques Rousseau , Thomas Paine , Karl Marx —are scarcely more sane." He added: "The Unabomber does not like socialization, technology, leftist political causes or conservative attitudes. Apart from his call for an (unspecified) revolution, his paper resembles something that a very good graduate student might have written." Alston Chase,
5520-572: The 1996 Summer Olympics , the first of four committed by Eric Robert Rudolph , former explosives expert for the United States Army. Two people died, and 111 were injured. On August 5, 2012, Wade Michael Page fatally shot six people (including himself) and wounded four others in a mass shooting at a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin . Page was an American white supremacist and a United States Army veteran from Cudahy, Wisconsin , who
5658-531: The Castro government, many of them occurred domestically, especially during the period of Cuba-US diplomacy and negotiations in the 1970s which is known as "el Diálogo" (the dialogue) when powerful anti-Castro figures in Miami attempted to terrorize those members of their community who advocated a more moderate approach to Cuba. For instance, Luciano Nieves was killed because he advocated peaceful coexistence with Cuba. WQBA-AM news director Emilio Milian lost his legs in
Ted Kaczynski - Misplaced Pages Continue
5796-478: The Eugene O'Neill one-dollar stamps often used as postage on his boxes. He sent one bomb embedded in a copy of Sloan Wilson 's novel Ice Brothers . The FBI theorized that Kaczynski's crimes involved a theme of nature, trees and wood. He often included bits of a tree branch and bark in his bombs; his selected targets included Percy Wood and Leroy Wood. The crime writer Robert Graysmith noted his "obsession with wood"
5934-639: The King Fahd Mosque in Culver City, California , and on the office of Arab-American congressman Darrell Issa . In its report, Terrorism 2000/2001 , the FBI referred to the JDL as a "violent extremist Jewish organization" and stated that the FBI was responsible for thwarting at least one of its terrorist acts. The Oklahoma City bombing was a truck bomb attack by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols which killed 168 people on April 19, 1995 – one of
6072-506: The Ku Klux Klan , who tried to reinforce antebellum policies of white supremacy. Two workers were killed by police in the course of a confrontation between striking workers and strikebreakers in the streets of Chicago . During a rally the next day, an unknown assailant threw dynamite at a line of police officers; the explosion and the mutual violence that followed killed eight police officers and at least four civilians. The attacker
6210-653: The Prairie Fire Organizing Committee (PFOC), an organization devoted to legally promoting the causes of the Weather Underground. This was part of Prairie Fire Manifesto change in Weather Underground Organization strategy, which demanded both aboveground mass and clandestine organizations. The role of the clandestine organization would be to build the "consciousness of action" and prepare the way for
6348-896: The Southland . It is located within the Evergreen Park Elementary School District 124 and the Evergreen Park Community High School District 231 . Public schools: Private schools: Brother Rice High School , Mother McAuley High School , and St. Rita High School are all private schools located in Chicago in close proximity to Evergreen Park. St. Xavier University also borders Chicago and Evergreen Park. Evergreen Park Little League hosted
6486-455: The U.S. Government Accountability Office found that of the 85 deadly extremist incidents since 9/11 , far right-wing extremist groups were responsible for 73%, while radical Islamist extremists were responsible for 27%. The total number of deaths caused by each group was about the same, though 41% of the deaths attributable to radical Islamists occurred in a single event — the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting in which 49 people were killed by
6624-409: The University of California, Berkeley , and the University of Chicago , both of which accepted him but offered him no teaching position or financial aid. Michigan offered him an annual grant of $ 2,310 (equivalent to $ 23,268 in 2023) and a teaching post. At Michigan, Kaczynski specialized in complex analysis , specifically geometric function theory . Professor Peter Duren said of Kaczynski, "He
6762-547: The death penalty . He pleaded guilty to all charges in 1998 and was sentenced to several consecutive life terms in prison without the possibility of parole . In 2021, he received a cancer diagnosis and stopped treatment in March 2023. Kaczynski died by suicide in prison in June 2023. Theodore John Kaczynski was born in Chicago on May 22, 1942, to working-class parents Wanda Theresa ( née Dombek) and Theodore Richard Kaczynski,
6900-511: The murder of Blaze Bernstein , a gay Jewish California student and the killings of Jeremy Himmelman and Andrew Oneschuk. The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSA) was a radical Christian Identity organization formed in 1971 in the small community of Elijah in southern Missouri, United States. One of its members, Richard Wayne Snell was responsible for the murder of a pawnshop owner and
7038-573: The poverty line , including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over. Evergreen Park is in Illinois's 1st congressional district , and its congressman is Democrat Jonathan Jackson . It is also a part of Illinois’s 6th congressional district , represented by Democrat Sean Casten . The village backed Barack Obama by a margin of 61.25% to 37.40% over John McCain in 2008. Evergreen Park leans moderately Democratic as John Kerry beat George W. Bush here 55.77% to 43.40% in 2004. This
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#17328019365457176-503: The "Unabomber manifesto" by the FBI) verbatim. He stated he would "desist from terrorism" if this demand was met. There was controversy as to whether the essay should be published, but Attorney General Janet Reno and FBI Director Louis Freeh recommended its publication out of concern for public safety and in the hope that a reader could identify the author. Bob Guccione of Penthouse volunteered to publish it. Kaczynski replied Penthouse
7314-424: The "power process" in which people strive to be independent and to achieve power over themselves. He predicted that technological advances would lead to extensive and ultimately oppressive forms of human control, including genetic engineering , and that human beings would be adjusted to meet the needs of social systems rather than vice versa . Kaczynski stated that technological progress can be stopped, in contrast to
7452-551: The 1950s the Evergreen Park Plaza had seen more than $ 8 million in major internal & external improvements. Evergreen Plaza was shortened to be acknowledged as, "The Plaza". The Plaza covered 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m ), and two stories. As of 2006, The Plaza had an annual visitor count of roughly 7 million people. After 61 years of operation, The Plaza closed for redevelopment on May 31, 2013. The Plaza, in its new form, re-opened on October 18, 2018, and
7590-501: The 2021 census gazetteer files, Evergreen Park has a total area of 3.16 square miles (8.18 km ),all land. U.S. Route 12 and U.S. Route 20 bisect Evergreen Park as 95th street . As of the 2020 census there were 19,943 people, 7,161 households, and 4,964 families residing in the village. The population density was 6,305.09 inhabitants per square mile (2,434.41/km ). There were 7,585 housing units at an average density of 2,398.04 per square mile (925.89/km ). The racial makeup of
7728-410: The FBI in the early 2000s. ALF is a loosely organized animal rights extremist movement practicing direct action against companies and individuals to cause economic loss and destroy its victim. ALF campaigns have escalated and expanded to encompass harassment and crimes against employees and other companies with business relationships with the target company. In 2004, the deputy assistant director of
7866-575: The FBI testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee : "Individuals within the movement have discussed actively targeting food producers, biomedical researchers, and even law enforcement with physical harm. But even more disturbing is the recent employment of improvised explosive devices against consumer product testing companies, accompanied by threats of more, larger bombings and even potential assassinations of researchers, corporate officers and employees." Army of God (AOG)
8004-477: The FBI, described the JDL as "a known violent extremist Jewish Organization." FBI statistics show that, from 1980 through 1985, there were 18 terrorist attacks in the U.S. committed by Jews; 15 of those by members of the JDL. Mary Doran, an FBI agent, described the JDL in a 2004 Congressional testimony as "a proscribed terrorist group". Most recently, then-JDL chairman Irv Rubin was jailed while awaiting trial on charges of conspiracy in planning bomb attacks against
8142-802: The FBI, the vast majority were motivated by racist and anti-government ideology. Some state and local jurisdictions, including Washington, D.C. and New York State do define terrorism as a crime, without regard as to whether the perpetrators are international in origin. Anti-abortion extremists in the United States have committed violence against individuals and organizations that provide abortions or abortion counseling , acts that are considered terrorism. Incidents have included crimes against people, such as murder , assault , kidnapping , and stalking ; crimes which affect both people and property, such as arson or bombings; and property crimes such as vandalism . Perpetrators of these incidents may defend their actions by stating that they are necessary to protect
8280-674: The Ku Klux Klan include neo-Nazis , white power skinheads , and other far-right movements . May 19 Communist Organization (variously referred to as the May 19 Communist Coalition, May 19 Communist, and various alternatives of M19CO), was a U.S.-based, self-described revolutionary organization formed by members of the Weather Underground Organization . The group was originally known as the New York chapter of
8418-603: The Loop. The Village is also currently surrounded by Chicago on the north, south, and east sides. Evergreen Park is also known as the "Village of Churches" because of its thirteen established religious congregations within close proximity. On June 17, 1950, Little Company of Mary Hospital , located at 2800 W. 95th St. in Evergreen Park, was the site of the world's first successful organ transplant . Dr. Richard Lawler, MD , an exceptional surgeon at Cook County Hospital, led
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#17328019365458556-430: The May 1978 bombing and stayed there for a time to work with his father and brother at a foam rubber factory. In August 1978, his brother fired him for writing insulting limericks about a female supervisor Ted had courted briefly. The supervisor later recalled Kaczynski as intelligent and quiet but remembered little of their acquaintanceship and firmly denied they had had any romantic relationship. Kaczynski's second bomb
8694-503: The Priesthood are often called terrorists for, among other things, planning to blow up FBI buildings, abortion clinic bombings, and bank robberies. Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) was an American self-styled, far-left "urban guerrilla warfare group" that considered itself a revolutionary vanguard army. The group committed bank robberies, two murders, and other acts of violence between 1973 and 1975. Among their most notorious acts
8832-518: The Study of Terror and Responses to Terrorism states that during the JDL's first two decades of activity it was an "active terrorist organization." Kahane later founded the far right Israeli political party Kach . The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was determined to be a "terrorist organization" in 1870 by a federal grand jury, and the FBI has been investigating crimes by white supremacy extremists including Klan members since 1918. During reconstruction at
8970-516: The United States between 1983 and 1984. It is probably best known for the 1984 murder of radio talk show host Alan Berg . The group also carried out several bank and car robberies, three murders, and money counterfeiting until its leader, Robert Jay Mathews , was killed in a shootout with FBI agents on Whidbey Island , Washington, in December 1984. Phineas Priesthood (Phineas Priests) is a Christian Identity movement that opposes interracial sex,
9108-419: The United States by U.S. citizens and/or U.S. permanent residents. As of 2021, the United States government considers white supremacists to be the top domestic terrorism threat. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines domestic terrorism as violent, criminal acts which are committed by individuals and/or groups in order to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of
9246-560: The United States in 2001 have been attributed to the Earth Liberation Front." Jewish Defense League (JDL) was founded in 1968 by Rabbi Meir Kahane in New York City . FBI statistics show that from 1980 to 1985, 15 terrorist attacks were attempted in the U.S. by JDL members. The FBI's Mary Doran described the JDL in 2004 Congressional testimony as "a proscribed terrorist group". The National Consortium for
9384-710: The University of California, Berkeley. The first, in July 1982, caused serious injuries to engineering professor Diogenes Angelakos . Nearly three years later, in May 1985, John Hauser, a graduate student and captain in the United States Air Force , lost four fingers and the vision in one eye. Kaczynski handcrafted the bomb from wooden parts. A bomb sent to the Boeing Company in Auburn, Washington ,
9522-403: The appointment. Afterwards, enraged, he considered killing the psychiatrist and other people whom he hated. Kaczynski described this episode as a "major turning point" in his life. He recalled: "I felt disgusted about what my uncontrolled sexual cravings had almost led me to do. And I felt humiliated, and I violently hated the psychiatrist. Just then there came a major turning point in my life. Like
9660-763: The bill (as H.R. 5602) passed the Democratic-majority House unanimously, but the Republican-majority Senate prevented a vote. Sen. Ron Johnson said the Justice Department had claimed the legislation might "impede" rather than enhance its ability to combat far-right violence. A Justice Department spokesperson alluded to "technical concerns" with the bill but did not elaborate. The Department of Homeland Security reported in October 2020 that white supremacists posed
9798-576: The bombing of the abortion clinics in the name of the Army of God. Aryan Nations (AN) is a white nationalist neo-Nazi organization founded in the 1970s by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity group known as the Church of Jesus Christ–Christian . As of December 2007, there were two main factions that claimed descent from Butler's group. The Aryan Nations has been called
9936-507: The bombs and the investigation into the lives of the victims proved of little use in identifying the suspect, who built the bombs primarily from scrap materials available almost anywhere. Investigators later learned that the victims were chosen indiscriminately from library research. Domestic terrorism in the United States In the United States, domestic terrorism is defined as terrorist acts that were carried out within
10074-574: The codename "UNABOM" until his identification and arrest by the FBI – carried out a campaign of sending letter bombs to academics and various individuals particularly associated with modern technology. In 1996, his manifesto was published in The New York Times and The Washington Post , under the threat of more attacks. The bomb campaign ended with his capture. In a 2004 congressional testimony, John S. Pistole , executive assistant director for counterterrorism and counterintelligence for
10212-449: The country understood or appreciated it." In late 1967, the 25-year-old Kaczynski became an acting assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught mathematics. He assumed the position as the youngest assistant professor in the history of the university. By September 1968, Kaczynski was formally appointed to an assistant professorship, a sign that he was on track for tenure . His teaching evaluations suggested he
10350-517: The deadliest domestic-based terrorist attack in the history of the United States. The target being a government building, it was an act of retribution for the FBI and ATF's involvement at Ruby Ridge and in the Waco siege . It inspired improvements to United States federal building security . The Centennial Olympic Park bombing was a terrorist bombing on July 27, 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia , during
10488-498: The death of Tom Manning in 2019. The Weather Underground Organization was a far left organization, active from 1969 to 1975, that originated as a faction of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). Mostly composed of the national office leadership of SDS and their supporters, the group collapsed shortly after the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam in 1975. The Hounds , a white vigilante group in San Francisco, attacked
10626-718: The department, noting that efforts to bring him more into the "swing of things" had failed. In 1996, reporters for the Los Angeles Times interviewed mathematicians about Kaczynski's work and concluded that Kaczynski's subfield effectively ceased to exist after the 1960s, as most of its conjectures had been proven. According to mathematician Donald Rung, if Kaczynski had continued to work in mathematics, he "probably would have gone on to some other area". After resigning from Berkeley, Kaczynski moved to his parents' home in Lombard, Illinois . Two years later, in 1971, he moved to
10764-487: The development of a people's militia. Concurrently, the role of the mass movement (i.e., above-ground Prairie Fire Collective) would include support for, and encouragement of, armed action. Such an alliance would, according to Weather, "help create the 'sea' for the guerrillas to swim in." The Order , also known as the Brüder Schweigen or Silent Brotherhood, was a white nationalist revolutionary group active in
10902-524: The document is dedicated to discussing political leftism as a manifestation of related psychological types, with Kaczynski attributing the prevalence and intensity of leftism in society as both a negative symptom of psychological pressures induced by technological conditions as well as an obstacle to the formation of an effective anti-tech revolution. He defined leftists as "mainly socialists , collectivists , ' politically correct ' types, feminists , gay and disability activists , animal rights activists and
11040-459: The dynamics of revolutionary movements. According to a 2021 study, Kaczynski's manifesto "is a synthesis of ideas from three well-known academics: French philosopher Jacques Ellul , British zoologist Desmond Morris , and American psychologist Martin Seligman ". Because of the material used to make the mail bombs, U.S. postal inspectors , who initially had responsibility for the case, labeled
11178-498: The early 1950s. In 1952, real estate developer Arthur Rubloff debuted the Evergreen Plaza in the heart of the southwest Chicago suburbs. A few years after the shopping mall's debut, Rubloff decided to enclose the mall thereby making it the first indoor shopping mall in the Chicago area. As a result, Rubloff changed shopping by allowing people the opportunity to pull up, park, and shop for various goods all in one place. Since
11316-538: The early 20th century. The target was an evangelical church in the Third Ward but killed only the police officers when the bomb was brought to the police station by a concerned member of the public. The Wall Street bombing was a terrorist incident on September 16, 1920, in the Financial District of New York City. A horse-drawn wagon filled with 100 pounds (45 kg) of dynamite was stationed across
11454-399: The edge of it you find these ravines that cut very steeply in to cliff-like drop-offs and there was even a waterfall there. It was about a two days' hike from my cabin. That was the best spot until the summer of 1983. That summer there were too many people around my cabin so I decided I needed some peace. I went back to the plateau and when I got there I found they had put a road right through
11592-688: The elimination of modern technology". Although Kaczynski and his manifesto has been embraced by ecofascists , he rejected fascism, including those whom he referred to as "the 'ecofascists'", describing ecofascism as "an aberrant branch of leftism". In "Ecofascism: An Aberrant Branch of Leftism", he wrote: "The true anti-tech movement rejects every form of racism or ethnocentrism. This has nothing to do with ' tolerance ,' 'diversity,' ' pluralism ,' ' multiculturalism ,' 'equality,' or ' social justice .' The rejection of racism and ethnocentrism is – purely and simply – a cardinal point of strategy." Kaczynski wrote that he considered fascism
11730-727: The end of the Civil War the first KKK used domestic terrorism against the Northerners in the South ("called "Carpetbaggers") as well as against freed slaves. During the late 20th century, leading up to the Civil Rights Movement , various unrelated KKK groups used threats, violence, arson, and murder to further their anti-Black , anti-Catholic , anti-Communist , anti-immigrant , antisemitic , homophobic and white-supremacist agenda. Other groups with agendas similar to
11868-630: The erosion of human freedom and dignity by modern technologies. The FBI and U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno pushed for the publication of the essay, which appeared in The Washington Post in September 1995. Upon reading it, Kaczynski's brother, David , recognized the prose style and reported his suspicions to the FBI. After his arrest in 1996, Kaczynski—maintaining that he was sane—tried and failed to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wished him to plead insanity to avoid
12006-462: The erosion of human freedom is a natural product of an industrial society because, in his words, "the system has to regulate human behavior closely in order to function", and that reform of the system is impossible. He said that the system has not yet fully achieved control over all human behavior and is in the midst of a struggle to gain that control. Kaczynski predicted that the system would break down if it cannot achieve significant control, and that it
12144-516: The essay on September 19, 1995. Kaczynski used a typewriter to write his manuscript, capitalizing entire words for emphasis, in lieu of italics. He always referred to himself as either "we" or "FC" ("Freedom Club"), though there is no evidence that he worked with others. Donald Wayne Foster analyzed the writing at the request of Kaczynski's defense team in 1996 and noted that it contained irregular spelling and hyphenation, along with other linguistic idiosyncrasies. This led him to conclude that Kaczynski
12282-535: The farmland and provided access to markets. The first railroad (now the Grand Trunk Railroad) came through the area in 1873. In 1875, the community built its first school just west of 95th and Kedzie. The school and the stores that began to cluster around this intersection defined the community's main business area. Nearby, a real-estate developer, with a vision of the Arc de Triomphe area of Paris, laid out
12420-509: The federal government. John Wilkes Booth successfully assassinated Lincoln. The Colfax Massacre occurred in Colfax, Louisiana on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873. Republicans had narrowly won the 1872 election to retain control of the state, but Democrats contested the results. Dozens of African-Americans were killed by white supremacist organizations such as the Knights of White Camellia and
12558-452: The following three years, he lived at Eliot House . His housemates and other students at Harvard described Kaczynski as a very intelligent but socially reserved person. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from Harvard in 1962, finishing with a GPA of 3.12. In his second year at Harvard, Kaczynski participated in a study led by Harvard psychologist Henry Murray . Subjects were told they would debate personal philosophy with
12696-583: The history of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI used the case identifier UNABOM (University and Airline Bomber) before his identity was known, resulting in the media naming him the "Unabomber". In 1995, Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times promising to "desist from terrorism" if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto, in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary in attracting attention to
12834-465: The introduction to Kaczynski's 2010 anthology Technological Slavery , which includes the original manifesto, letters from Kaczynski to Skrbina, and other essays. Two further editions have been published since 2010, one in 2019 and another in 2022. Kaczynski also wrote a second book in 2016 titled, Anti-Tech Revolution: Why and How , that does not include the manifesto, but delves deeply into an analysis of why technological society cannot be reformed and
12972-467: The invasion of his privacy he perceived as a result of their experiments. Nevertheless, he said he was "quite confident that [his] experiences with Professor Murray had no significant effect on the course of [his] life". In 1962, Kaczynski enrolled at the University of Michigan , where he earned his master's and doctoral degrees in mathematics in 1964 and 1967, respectively. Michigan was not his first choice for postgraduate education ; he had applied to
13110-427: The like". He believed that over- socialization and feelings of inferiority are primary drivers of leftism, and derided it as "one of the most widespread manifestations of the craziness of our world". Kaczynski added that the type of movement he envisioned must be anti-leftist and refrain from collaboration with leftists as, in his view, "leftism is in the long run inconsistent with wild nature, with human freedom and with
13248-429: The lives of fetuses, and they are often motivated by their Christian beliefs, leading to anti-abortion violence's identification as Christian terrorism ; it is also associated with antifeminism . Notable incidents of anti-abortion violence include the murders of a number of doctors and clinic staff in the 1990s: According to the FBI in June 2008, eco-terrorists and extreme animal rights activists represented "one of
13386-565: The mass slaughter of the emigrant party by members of the Utah Territorial Militia from the Iron County district, a Mormon group, together with some Paiute Native Americans. Intending to leave no witnesses and thus prevent reprisals, the perpetrators killed all the adults and older children – about 120 men, women, and children in total. Seventeen children, all younger than seven, were spared. Abolitionist John Brown leads
13524-699: The men had Confederate flags and threatened to lynch him. Two men were initially charged with assaulting Booker, while Booker was later charged with battery and trespassing in August 2021 over the same incident. The case was eventually resolved through restorative justice and all charges were dropped. Right-wing terrorism or far-right terrorism is motivated by a variety of different right-wing and far-right ideologies, most prominently by neo-Nazism , neo-fascism , white nationalism , white separatism , ethnonationalism , religious nationalism , and anti-government patriot / sovereign citizen beliefs. A 2017 report by
13662-462: The middle of it ... You just can't imagine how upset I was. It was from that point on I decided that, rather than trying to acquire further wilderness skills, I would work on getting back at the system. Revenge. Kaczynski was visited multiple times in Montana by his father, who was impressed by Ted's wilderness skills. Kaczynski's father was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in 1990 and held
13800-402: The mixing of races, homosexuality, and abortion. It is also marked by antisemitism , anti- multiculturalism , and opposition to taxation . It is not considered an organization because it is not led by a governing body, there are no gatherings, and there is no membership process. One becomes a Phineas Priest by simply adopting the beliefs of the Priesthood and acting upon those beliefs. Members of
13938-598: The most serious domestic terrorism threats in the US" at the time. They had committed over 2,000 crimes and caused over $ 110 million in damages in the 28–29 years since 1979, against targets including lumber companies, animal testing facilities, and genetic research firms. No human casualties were reported. According to the Equal Justice Initiative , more than 4,400 African Americans were lynched from 1877 to 1940. Racialized lynchings were carried out as part of
14076-401: The northeastern United States, targeting corporate buildings, courthouses, and military facilities. Brent L. Smith describes them as "undoubtedly the most successful of the leftist terrorists of the 1970s and 1980s." The group's members were eventually apprehended and convicted of conspiracy, murder, attempted murder, and other charges. Jaan Laaman alone remains incarcerated today, following
14214-667: The occult. The group has about 80 full members and a "large" amount of initiates and 20 cells across 23 states in America. The organization also has a United Kingdom branch called the Sonnenkrieg Division (SKD), a Baltic branch called Feuerkrieg Division (FKD), a presence in Canada by a group called Northern Order and one located in Germany . The organization has been responsible for the deaths of eight people most notably
14352-504: The pilots to carry out an emergency landing . Authorities said it had enough power to "obliterate the plane" had it exploded. "Kaczynski had used a barometer-triggered device, and it had succeeded only in setting some mailbags on fire and forcing an emergency landing; in a letter written years later, the Unabomber expressed relief that the airline bomb had failed, since its target had been too indiscriminate." Kaczynski sent his next bomb to
14490-582: The policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and (C) occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States." While the PATRIOT Act defines "domestic terrorism" for the purposes of authorizing law enforcement investigations, no federal criminal offense exists which is referred to as "domestic terrorism". While international terrorism ("acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries")
14628-434: The president of United Airlines , Percy Wood . Wood received cuts and burns over most of his body. Kaczynski left false clues in most bombs, which he intentionally made hard to find to make them appear more legitimate. Clues included metal plates stamped with the initials "FC" hidden somewhere (usually in the pipe end cap) in bombs, a note left in a bomb that did not detonate reading "Wu—It works! I told you it would—RV," and
14766-443: The process. On October 19, 1864, Confederate soldiers without uniform operating from Canada raided the border town of St. Albans, Vermont , robbing $ 208,000 from three banks, holding hostages , killing a civilian, attempting to burn the entire town with Greek fire , then escaping back to Canada. The raiders were then arrested by British authorities under an extradition request from the U.S. government, but were later freed by
14904-479: The serious economic crisis, The Village of Evergreen Park declared its independence and was incorporated on December 20, 1893. Prior to its incorporation, the village was sustained by approximately 500 regional residents. The final decision to incorporate as its own entity separate from the City of Chicago was made by a 41 out of 50 approval by village residents. John M. Foley, a real estate and insurance agent, became
15042-516: The sixth grade. Kaczynski later described this as a pivotal event: previously he had socialized with his peers and was even seen as a leader, but after skipping ahead of them he felt he did not fit in with the older children, who bullied him. Neighbors in Evergreen Park later described the Kaczynski family as "civic-minded folks", one recalling the parents "sacrificed everything they had for their children". Both Ted and David were intelligent, but Ted
15180-610: The street from the headquarters of the J.P. Morgan Bank. The explosion killed 38 and injured 400. Even though no one was found guilty, it is believed that the act was carried out by followers of Luigi Galleani . On May 31 and June 1, 1921, a white mob started the Tulsa race massacre attacking residents and businesses of the African-American community known as Black Wall Street, in the Greenwood area in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in what
15318-530: The suspect the "Junkyard Bomber". FBI Inspector Terry D. Turchie was appointed to run the UNABOM (University and Airline Bomber) investigation. In 1979, an FBI-led task force that included 125 agents from the FBI, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service was formed. The task force grew to more than 150 full-time personnel, but minute analysis of recovered components of
15456-537: The top domestic terrorism threat, which FBI director Christopher Wray confirmed in March 2021, noting the bureau had elevated the threat to the same level as ISIS . The DHS report did not mention antifa , despite persistent allegations about its threat from the political right in recent years. Alpha 66 (still existent) and Omega 7 (now defunct) were two affiliated Cuban exile action groups which carried out many bombings and acts of sabotage. While many of these attacks have historically been directed at Cuba and
15594-483: The university. In 2006, he said he had unpleasant memories of Michigan and felt the university had low standards for grading, considering his relatively high grades. For a period of several weeks in 1966, Kaczynski experienced intense sexual fantasies of being female and decided to undergo gender transition . He arranged to meet with a psychiatrist but changed his mind in the waiting room and discussed other things instead, without disclosing his original reason for making
15732-473: The viewpoint of people who he said understand technology's negative effects yet passively accept technology as inevitable. He called for a revolution to force the collapse of the worldwide technological system, and held a life close to nature, in particular primitivist lifestyles, as an ultimate ideal. Kaczynski's critiques of civilization bore some similarities to anarcho-primitivism , but he rejected and criticized anarcho-primitivist views. Kaczynski argued that
15870-430: The village had become a recreation center that attracted hundreds of Chicagoans to its picnic groves, beer gardens, and dance halls. The first of the village's 13 churches was established in 1893. As a result of the financial panic of the 1890s, several surrounding communities voted to be annexed by Chicago. Realizing the current and future potential of its strong business district, and in order to avoid annexation during
16008-407: The village was 57.84% White , 24.49% African American , 0.41% Native American , 1.19% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 7.87% from other races , and 8.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.10% of the population. There were 7,161 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.21% were married couples living together, 14.89% had
16146-454: The village's first mayor. During the 1890s, The Village of Evergreen Park officially occupied an area of four square miles; it now covers an area of the same size. In 1899, shortly after its incorporation, the village introduced telephone services to the community. In 1910, gas and electric lines were extended into homes and street lights were erected. By 1920, most of the village's homes had indoor plumbing, although some residents still used
16284-489: The works of Jacques Ellul . Kaczynski's brother David later stated that Ellul's book The Technological Society "became Ted's Bible". Kaczynski recounted in 1998, "When I read the book for the first time, I was delighted, because I thought, 'Here is someone who is saying what I have already been thinking.'" In an interview after his arrest, Kaczynski recalled being shocked on a hike to one of his favorite wild spots: It's kind of rolling country, not flat, and when you get to
16422-415: The years, many contained the initials "FC", which Kaczynski later said stood for "Freedom Club", inscribed on parts inside. He purposely left misleading clues in the devices and took extreme care in preparing them to avoid leaving fingerprints ; fingerprints found on some of the devices did not match those found on letters attributed to Kaczynski. Kaczynski's first mail bomb was directed at Buckley Crist,
16560-603: Was "a large factor" in the bombings. In 1981, a package bearing the return address of a Brigham Young University professor of electrical engineering, LeRoy Wood Bearnson, was discovered in a hallway at the University of Utah . It was brought to the campus police and was defused by a bomb squad . In May of the following year, a bomb was sent to Patrick C. Fischer , a professor of computer science at Vanderbilt University . The package exploded when Fischer's secretary, Janet Smith, opened it, and Smith received injuries to her face and arms. Kaczynski's next two bombs targeted people at
16698-543: Was "religious extremists", the majority "Salafi jihadists inspired by the Islamic State and al-Qaida", while the number planned by the far left had reduced to a minute fraction since the mid-2000s. The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act has proposed legislation that would create offices within the Justice Department, the Department of Homeland Security, and the FBI to combat far-right violence. In September 2020,
16836-414: Was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 79,396, and the median income for a family was $ 97,958. Males had a median income of $ 61,171 versus $ 43,148 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 35,328. About 4.0% of families and 5.8% of the population were below
16974-648: Was a member of the neo-Nazi skinhead Hammerskin Nation . All of the dead were members of the Sikh faith . On April 15, 2013, two homemade bombs detonated 12 seconds and 210 yards apart at 2:49 p.m., near the finish line of the annual Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring several hundred others, including 16 who lost limbs. Kyrgyz-American brothers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Tamerlan Tsarnaev were apprehended and claimed to have been motivated by radical Islamist beliefs. Evergreen Park, Illinois Evergreen Park
17112-440: Was always regarded as a walking brain, so to speak." During this period, Kaczynski became intensely interested in mathematics, spending hours studying and solving advanced problems. He became associated with a group of like-minded boys interested in science and mathematics, known as the "briefcase boys" due to their penchant for carrying briefcases. Throughout high school, Kaczynski was ahead of his classmates academically. Placed in
17250-456: Was an unusual person. He was not like the other graduate students. He was much more focused about his work. He had a drive to discover mathematical truth." George Piranian , another of his Michigan mathematics professors, said, "It is not enough to say he was smart." Professor Allen Shields wrote about Kaczynski in a grade evaluation that he was the "best man I have seen". Kaczynski received one F, five B's and twelve A's in his eighteen courses at
17388-474: Was defused by a bomb squad the following month. In November 1985, professor James V. McConnell and research assistant Nicklaus Suino were both severely injured after Suino opened a mail bomb addressed to McConnell. In late 1985, a nail-and-splinter-loaded bomb in the parking lot of a computer store in Sacramento, California , killed 38-year-old owner of the store, Hugh Scrutton. On February 20, 1987,
17526-412: Was destroyed. In 1920, a new village hall was built and the population grew to 800. In 1930, Little Company of Mary Hospital was opened at 95th and California. Within the first year of its inception, 232 babies were born. In 1967, a violent and damaging F4 tornado occurred in Evergreen Park and other nearby suburbs. While the village remains small in size, it is only seventeen miles southwest of
17664-412: Was emotionally unprepared: "They packed him up and sent him to Harvard before he was ready ... He didn't even have a driver's license." Kaczynski matriculated at Harvard College as a mathematics prodigy. During his first year at the university, Kaczynski lived at 8 Prescott Street, which was intended to provide a small, intimate living space for the youngest, most precocious incoming students. For
17802-408: Was exceptionally bright. Neighbors described him as a smart but lonely individual. Kaczynski attended Evergreen Park Community High School , where he excelled academically. He played the trombone in the marching band and was a member of the mathematics, biology, coin, and German clubs. In 1996, a former classmate said: "He was never really seen as a person, as an individual personality ... He
17940-703: Was its author. Industrial Society and Its Future begins with Kaczynski's assertion: "The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race." He wrote that technology has had a destabilizing effect on society, has made life unfulfilling, and has caused widespread psychological suffering. Kaczynski argued that most people spend their time engaged in ultimately unfulfilling pursuits because of technological advances; he called these "surrogate activities", wherein people strive toward artificial goals, including scientific work, consumption of entertainment, political activism, and following sports teams. He states people do "surrogate activities" to satisfy
18078-516: Was killed after opening a mail bomb sent to his home in New Jersey . In a letter to The New York Times , Kaczynski wrote he had sent the bomb because of Mosser's work repairing the public image of Exxon after the Exxon Valdez oil spill . This was followed by the 1995 murder of Gilbert Brent Murray, president of the timber industry lobbying group California Forestry Association, by
18216-411: Was less "respectable" than The New York Times and The Washington Post , and said that, "to increase our chances of getting our stuff published in some 'respectable' periodical", he would "reserve the right to plant one (and only one) bomb intended to kill, after our manuscript has been published" if Penthouse published the document instead of The Times or The Post . The Washington Post published
18354-418: Was most likely an anarchist , although the trial that convicted the members of a local anarchist cell has since been criticized as unfair. The Milwaukee Police Department bombing was a November 24, 1917, bomb attack that killed ten people including nine members of local law enforcement . The perpetrators were never caught but are suspected to be an anarchist terrorist cell operating in the United States in
18492-521: Was not well-liked by his students—he seemed uncomfortable teaching, taught straight from the textbook and refused to answer questions. Without any explanation, Kaczynski resigned on June 30, 1969. In a 1970 letter written by John W. Addison Jr., the chairman of the mathematics department, to Kaczynski's doctoral advisor Shields, Addison referred to the resignation as "quite out of the blue". He added that "Kaczynski seemed almost pathologically shy", and that, as far as he knew, Kaczynski made no close friends in
18630-547: Was renamed the Evergreen Marketplace. Evergreen Park is located at 41°43′12″N 87°42′9″W / 41.72000°N 87.70250°W / 41.72000; -87.70250 (41.719933, −87.702499). The suburb is surrounded by the city of Chicago on three of its sides, while Oak Lawn and Hometown border it on the west. Chicago's Ashburn community is to its north, Beverly is to its east, and Beverly and Mount Greenwood are to its south. According to
18768-497: Was repudiated by many of his colleagues and criticized by the Catholic church. By the 1970s, with organ transplantation evolving into a widely recognized life-saving necessity, Lawler and his entire team earned the much-deserved respect from the medical community, and their reputation healed. Dr. Lawler retired in 1979 and died in 1982. The Evergreen Plaza , located on 95th and Western, was an indoor shopping mall originating from
18906-448: Was sent nearly one year after the first one, again to Northwestern University. The bomb, concealed inside a cigar box and left on a table, caused minor injuries to graduate student John Harris when he opened it. In 1979, a bomb was placed in the cargo hold of American Airlines Flight 444 , a Boeing 727 flying from Chicago to Washington, D.C. A faulty timing mechanism prevented the bomb from exploding, but it released smoke, which caused
19044-563: Was the kidnapping of the newspaper heiress Patty Hearst . United Freedom Front (UFF) was a small American Marxist organization active in the 1970s and 1980s. It was originally called the Sam Melville / Jonathan Jackson Unit, and its members became known as the Ohio 7 when they were brought to trial. Between 1975 and 1984 the UFF carried out at least 20 bombings and nine bank robberies in
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