Misplaced Pages

#488511

39-456: UC3 may refer to: UC3 Nautilus , a private Danish submarine SM  UC-3 , a German submarine of World War One German Type UC III submarine , a World War One class of submarine UC 3 (album) See also [ edit ] UC (disambiguation) UCCC (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

78-522: A 360-degree field of view without moving his seat, including rear vision by engaging the extra prism. This design, patented by Rudolf Gundlach in 1936, first saw use in the Polish 7-TP light tank (produced from 1935 to 1939). As a part of Polish–British pre- World War II military cooperation, the patent was sold to Vickers-Armstrong where it saw further development for use in British tanks, including

117-490: A crew member to establish who was on board, and a large search operation was launched using helicopters and ships in the port of Øresund , just outside the harbour of Copenhagen. At 11:00, it sank and Madsen was rescued by a private boat. Danish police charged him with murder, suspecting him of scuttling Nautilus to destroy evidence. The following day, Danish police had the submarine salvaged, brought onto land and began processing it for evidence. In April 2018, Madsen

156-410: A design crush depth of 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft), and had dived to about 100 m (330 ft). There were 16 portholes (8 on each side, 2 oversized) for direct observation. The periscope had five video cameras, providing 360-degree panoramic vision on video screens in the forward control room. The engine room had two diesel engines, one of which was for direct propulsion. The other drove

195-454: A device that can rotate to provide a wider field of view (or is fixed into an assembly that can), while an episcope is fixed into position. Periscopes may also be referred to by slang, e.g. "shufti-scope". An important development, the Gundlach rotary periscope , incorporated a rotating top with a selectable additional prism which reversed the view. This allowed a tank commander to obtain

234-669: A fixed, non-retractable periscope that used a combination of prisms to relay the image to the submariner. (Peral also developed a primitive gyroscope for submarine navigation and pioneered the ability to fire live torpedoes while submerged. ) The invention of the collapsible periscope for use in submarine warfare is usually credited to Simon Lake in 1902. Lake called his device the "omniscope" or "skalomniscope". As of 2009 modern submarine periscopes incorporate lenses for magnification and function as telescopes . They typically employ prisms and total internal reflection instead of mirrors, because prisms, which do not require coatings on

273-592: A large payment for his periscope patent from some of its producers." The USSR also copied the design and used it extensively in its tanks, including the T-34 and T-70 . The copies were based on Lend-Lease British vehicles, and many parts remain interchangeable. Germany also made and used copies. Periscopic sights were also introduced during the Second World War. In British use, the Vickers periscope

312-501: A narrower field of view and higher magnification. In World War II and earlier submarines it was the only means of gathering target data to accurately fire a torpedo, since sonar was not yet sufficiently advanced for this purpose (ranging with sonar required emission of an acoustic "ping" that gave away the location of the submarine) and most torpedoes were unguided. Twenty-first-century submarines do not necessarily have periscopes. The United States Navy's Virginia -class submarines and

351-505: A steady supply of air to operate, unlike the electric motor, and using it while submerged dropped the air pressure to the equivalent of 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, as the engine ingested air from the crew compartment unless the snorkel was used. On a 2009 trip around Refshaleøen, Nautilus was visited by a group of submarine fans from Subsim . Video game developers from Ubisoft were also on board to find inspiration for their submarine game, Silent Hunter 5 . Nautilus

390-467: A targeting, or commander's, periscope. Navies originally mounted these periscopes in the conning tower , one forward of the other in the narrow hulls of diesel-electric submarines. In the much wider hulls of recent US Navy submarines the two operate side-by-side. The observation scope, used to scan the sea surface and sky, typically had a wide field of view and no magnification or low-power magnification. The targeting or "attack" periscope, by comparison, had

429-494: A three-phase electric generator providing power for the onboard air compressor and battery charger. There were more than a tonne of large 12-volt batteries on board, supplying the DC electric motor which could be operated alone or in tandem with the main engine on a chain-coupled drive for turning the 80 kilogram, five-bladed brass propeller. Joystick-controlled electric servos operated the rudder (aft) and hydroplanes (front). Nautilus

SECTION 10

#1732791907489

468-460: A true periscopic sight in the primary role. The periscopic sight was linked to the gun itself, allowing elevation to be captured (rotation being fixed as part of rotating turret). The sights formed part of the overall periscope, providing the gunner with greater overall vision than previously possible with the telescopic sight. The FV4201 Chieftain used the TESS (TElescopic Sighting System) developed in

507-769: A visible wake (and may also become detectable by radar ), giving away the submarine's position. Marie-Davey built a simple, fixed naval periscope using mirrors in 1854. Thomas H. Doughty of the United States Navy later invented a prismatic version for use in the American Civil War of 1861–1865. Submarines adopted periscopes early. Captain Arthur Krebs adapted two on the experimental French submarine Gymnote in 1888 and 1889. The Spanish inventor Isaac Peral equipped his submarine Peral (developed in 1886 but launched on September 8, 1888) with

546-478: A well-attended ceremony on the west side of Refshaleøen and towed to the floating installation art barge Illutron (formerly M/S Half Machine ) in the Kongens Enghave , where further outfitting and installation of equipment took place over the next several months. By August 2008, Nautilus could sail on its own, as the main diesel engine drive train and steering was completed. On its maiden voyage,

585-593: The Avro Vulcan and Handley Page Victor and the Nimrod MR1 as the "on top sight". Various US bomber aircraft such as the B-52 used sextant periscopes for celestial navigation before the introduction of GPS . This also allowed the aircrew to navigate without the use of an astrodome in the fuselage. An emergency periscope was used on all Boeing 737 models manufactured before 1997 found under "Seat D" behind

624-661: The Crusader , Churchill , Valentine , and Cromwell models as the Vickers Tank Periscope MK.IV . The Gundlach-Vickers technology was shared with the American Army for use in its tanks including the Sherman , built to meet joint British and US requirements. This saw post-war controversy through legal action: "After the Second World War and a long court battle, in 1947 he, Rudolf Gundlach, received

663-631: The Royal Navy 's Astute -class submarines instead use photonics masts , pioneered by the Royal Navy's HMS  Trenchant , which lift an electronic imaging sensor-set above the water. Signals from the sensor-set travel electronically to workstations in the submarine's control center. While the cables carrying the signal must penetrate the submarine's hull, they use a much smaller and more easily sealed—and therefore less expensive and safer—hull opening than those required by periscopes. Eliminating

702-442: The captain's seat for controlling buoyancy, pumps, engines, air pressure, communication, video, and other electric systems. As of July 2010, the engine crew still needed to perform manual changeover from surface to dive-ready configuration, involving setting valves correctly for the snorkel and diesel engine exhaust. Nautilus could function on her diesel engine for up to eight minutes underwater without her snorkel. The engine required

741-538: The early 1980s that was later sold as surplus for use on the RAF Phantom aircraft. In modern use, specialised periscopes can also provide night vision. The Embedded Image Periscope (EIP) designed and patented by Kent Periscopes provides standard unity vision periscope functionality for normal daytime viewing of the vehicle surroundings plus the ability to display digital images from a range of on-vehicle sensors and cameras (including thermal and low light) such that

780-455: The periscope: he described a submarine using a periscope in his fictional works. Periscopes, in some cases fixed to rifles , served in World War I (1914–1918) to enable soldiers to see over the tops of trenches , thus avoiding exposure to enemy fire (especially from snipers). The periscope rifle also saw use during the war – this was an infantry rifle sighted by means of a periscope, so

819-411: The protectoscope allows the vision slit to be blanked off with spaced armoured plate. This prevents a potential ingress point for small arms fire, with only a small difference in vision height, but still requires the armour to be cut. In the context of armoured fighting vehicles , such as tanks , a periscopic vision device may also be referred to as an episcope . In this context a periscope refers to

SECTION 20

#1732791907489

858-436: The reflecting surface, are much more rugged than mirrors. They may have additional optical capabilities such as range-finding and targeting. The mechanical systems of submarine periscopes typically use hydraulics and need to be quite sturdy to withstand the drag through water. The periscope chassis may also support a radio or radar antenna. Submarines traditionally had two periscopes; a navigation or observation periscope and

897-469: The resulting image appears "embedded" internally within the unit and projected at a comfortable viewing positions. Periscopes allow a submarine , when submerged at a relatively shallow depth, to search visually for nearby targets and threats on the surface of the water and in the air. When not in use, a submarine's periscope retracts into the hull . A submarine commander in tactical conditions must exercise discretion when using his periscope, since it creates

936-514: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UC3&oldid=803993125 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages UC3 Nautilus UC3 Nautilus

975-503: The shooter could aim and fire the weapon from a safe position below the trench parapet. During World War II (1939–1945), artillery observers and officers used specifically manufactured periscope binoculars with different mountings. Some of them also allowed estimating the distance to a target, as they were designed as stereoscopic rangefinders . Tanks and armoured vehicles use periscopes: they enable drivers, tank commanders, and other vehicle occupants to inspect their situation through

1014-404: The submarine salvaged and brought onto land as part of the investigation of the death of Swedish journalist Kim Wall , who was last seen alive on board. As part of the conviction of Madsen for Wall's murder, the submarine was confiscated and later destroyed by the authorities. On the day of its launch on 3 May 2008, UC3 Nautilus displaced only 32 tons and was still incomplete. It was named at

1053-447: The submarine was driven by former crewmen of the now-defunct Royal Danish Navy submarine division. The objective was to sail Nautilus and evaluate her maneuverability, and the appraisal was favourable. In October 2008, Nautilus was submerged for the first time. Nautilus could be crewed by up to eight people for surface operation and four when diving. The submarine moved at five to six knots , depending on conditions and whether it

1092-472: The telescoping tube running through the conning tower also allows greater freedom in designing the pressure hull and in placing internal equipment. Periscopes have also been used on aircraft for sections with limited view. The first known use of aircraft periscope was on the Spirit of St. Louis . The Vickers VC10 had a periscope that could be used on four locations of the aircraft fuselage, V-Bombers such as

1131-412: The trenches during World War I . Military personnel also use periscopes in some gun turrets and in armoured vehicles . More complex periscopes using prisms or advanced fiber optics instead of mirrors and providing magnification operate on submarines and in various fields of science. The overall design of the classical submarine periscope is very simple: two telescopes pointed into each other. If

1170-494: The two telescopes have different individual magnification, the difference between them causes an overall magnification or reduction. Johannes Hevelius described an early periscope (which he called a "polemoscope") with lenses in 1647 in his work Selenographia, sive Lunae descriptio [Selenography, or an account of the Moon]. Hevelius saw military applications for his invention. Mikhail Lomonosov invented an "optical tube" which

1209-447: The vehicle roof. Prior to periscopes, direct vision slits were cut in the armour for occupants to see out. Periscopes permit view outside of the vehicle without needing to cut these weaker vision openings in the front and side armour, better protecting the vehicle and occupants. A protectoscope is a related periscopic vision device designed to provide a window in armoured plate, similar to a direct vision slit. A compact periscope inside

UC3 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-414: Was a privately built Danish midget submarine . It was built over a three-year period by Peter Madsen and a group of volunteers, and cost approximately US$ 200,000 to build (1.5 million DKK ). The submarine was Madsen's third submarine design. On 11 August 2017, Nautilus sank in the bay of Køge , in what investigators determined was a deliberate act by Madsen. The following day, Danish police had

1287-494: Was convicted of Wall's murder. As part of the conviction, the ownership of the submarine and all its content was transferred to the Danish State. It was destroyed by authorities. Periscope depth In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end set parallel to each other at a 45° angle. This form of periscope, with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in

1326-437: Was launched again following repairs and upgrades. On 10 August 2017, Nautilus was scheduled to sail from Copenhagen to appear in the afternoon at an exhibit on Bornholm, but Madsen sent a text notifying the crew that the trip had been cancelled. Nautilus left Refshaleøen around 19:00 with Madsen and Swedish journalist Kim Wall aboard. Nautilus was reported missing early the following morning. Danish police visited

1365-579: Was much smaller than the Danish Kobben-class submarine at about two fifths the length, two fifths the width, and running at just above one third the speed. In early 2009, an automatic snorkel system was installed so that the submarine could sail submerged on diesel power, and in August it sailed out from Køge submerged. The submarine could be operated by a single person from the control room. All controls and indicators were accessible from

1404-457: Was provided with sighting lines, enabling front and rear prisms to be directly aligned to gain an accurate direction. On later tanks such as the Churchill and Cromwell, a similarly marked episcope provided a backup sighting mechanism aligned with a vane sight on the turret roof. Later, US-built Sherman tanks and British Centurion and Charioteer tanks replaced the main telescopic sight with

1443-486: Was similar to a periscope. In 1834, it was used in a submarine, designed by Karl Andreevich Schilder. In 1854, Hippolyte Marié-Davy invented the first naval periscope, consisting of a vertical tube with two small mirrors fixed at each end at 45°. Simon Lake used periscopes in his submarines in 1902. Sir Howard Grubb perfected the device in World War I. Morgan Robertson (1861–1915) claimed to have tried to patent

1482-481: Was submerged. It had two 1,500 litres (400 US gal) tanks for fresh water and fuel. Trim was carried out normally with an electric pump, or with compressed air as fall-back if the trim-pump fails. The main ballast tanks of 8,000 litres (2,100 US gal) were filled and emptied with compressed air and could flush up to 400 litres (110 US gal) of water in/out per second. It could descend to periscope depth in approximately 20 seconds. The boat had

1521-563: Was used by her builders and various others for recreation and expeditions. One such expedition was the attempted launch of the rocket and spacecraft HEAT 1X Tycho Brahe , built by Madsen's non-profit organization Copenhagen Suborbitals . On Tuesday 31 August 2010, the submarine pushed the launch platform Sputnik , carrying the craft from Copenhagen towards the launch site near Nexø , Bornholm . In January 2011, Nautilus returned to Refshaleøen to be taken on shore for upgrades, then expected to last several months. On 28 April 2017, Nautilus

#488511