108-689: UEA Law School , founded in 1977, is a school within the University of East Anglia , dedicated to research and teaching in law. It is located in Earlham Hall , a seventeenth-century mansion situated on the edge of the UEA campus. From mid-2010 to early 2014, the school was temporarily located in the Blackdale School Building owing to essential renovation work. In national league tables UEA Law School has most recently been ranked 38th in
216-460: A Quidditch team. The UEA Media Collective encompasses the free student newspaper Concrete , UEA:TV (previously named Nexus UTV ), and the student radio station Livewire 1350AM . Norwich Medical School also has various active medical societies, including the UEA MedSoc which offers several education and social events. The UEA Student Union hosted events like Pimp My Barrow , which
324-629: A collaboration with the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital and the research centres at Norwich Research Park. In 2003, the School of Pharmacy opened along with the Zuckerman Institute for Connective Environmental Research (ZICER). In November 2009, computer servers at the university's Climatic Research Unit were hacked and the stolen information made public . As a result, over 1,000 emails and 2,000 documents were released. Because
432-436: A couple living together (opposite-sex or same-sex). De facto unions are defined in the federal Family Law Act 1975 . De facto relationships provide couples who are living together on a genuine domestic basis with many of the same rights and benefits as married couples. Two people can become a de facto couple by entering into a registered relationship (i.e.: civil union or domestic partnership) or by being assessed as such by
540-410: A court order awards custody, either sole or joint. A de facto monopoly is a system where many suppliers of a product are allowed but the market is so completely dominated by one that the other players are unable to compete or even survive. The related terms oligopoly and monopsony are similar in meaning and this is the type of situation that antitrust laws are intended to eliminate. In finance,
648-427: A de facto national language but no official, de jure national language. Some countries have a de facto national language in addition to an official language. In Lebanon and Morocco , Arabic is an official language (in addition to Tamazight in the case of Morocco), but an additional de facto language is also French. In New Zealand, the official languages are Māori and New Zealand Sign Language ; however, English
756-528: A distinct trans-disciplinary perspective, the options to mitigate, and the necessities to adapt to current climate change and continuing global warming , and to integrate these into the global, UK and local contexts of sustainable development ". In 2001, the Sportspark, a multi-sports facility housing an Olympic-sized pool, floodlit astro-pitches and the tallest climbing wall in Norfolk was built due to
864-535: A lack of government funding on both occasions the plans had to be postponed. The University of East Anglia was eventually set up in April 1960 for biological sciences and English studies students. Initially, teaching took place in the temporary "University Village", which was officially opened by the chairman of the University Grants Committee , Keith Murray , on 29 September 1963. Sited on
972-1312: A long-term partnership with the Norwich Science Festival which is an annual event that takes place each February at the Forum in Norwich where organisations from Norwich Research Park hold workshops and exhibit science activities for the public. The university hosted its inaugural literary festival in 1991 and has welcomed notable speakers including Madeleine Albright , Martin Amis , Martin Bell , Alan Bennett , Cherie Blair , Melvyn Bragg , Eleanor Catton , Richard Dawkins , Alain de Botton , Sebastian Faulks , Niall Ferguson , Stephen Fry , Frank Gardner , Richard E. Grant , Germaine Greer , Seamus Heaney , Clive James , P. D. James , Doris Lessing , Mario Vargas Llosa , Hilary Mantel , Iris Murdoch , Rageh Omaar , Michael Palin , Jeremy Paxman , Harold Pinter , Stephen Poliakoff , Terry Pratchett , Salman Rushdie , Simon Schama , Will Self , John Simpson , Zadie Smith , Paul Theroux , Peter Ustinov , Shirley Williams and Robert Winston . Sciences alumni include
1080-746: A new lectureship in the field awarded from the British Film Institute. It is also the home of the East Anglian Film Archive which collects and preserves film and videotape primarily from the Eastern counties. In 2005, UEA in partnership with the University of Essex , Suffolk County Council , the East of England Development Agency , Ipswich Borough Council and the Learning and Skills Council , secured £15m funding from
1188-540: A number of other services within Union House which underwent a refurbishment in 2015 after a £6m investment. UEA offers many free public events, both on-and-off campus, alongside public access to the Sainsbury Centre, Sportspark and open campus spaces. The university's lecture theatres regularly host film screenings, discussions, lectures and presentations for the public to attend. The university also has
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#17328012171551296-430: A power above the forms of law, claim to act and do really act in their stead. In politics, a de facto leader of a country or region is one who has assumed authority, regardless of whether by lawful, constitutional, or legitimate means; very frequently, the term is reserved for those whose power is thought by some faction to be held by unlawful, unconstitutional, or otherwise illegitimate means, often because it had deposed
1404-477: A previous leader or undermined the rule of a current one. De facto leaders sometimes do not hold a constitutional office and may exercise power informally. Not all dictators are de facto rulers. For example, Augusto Pinochet of Chile initially came to power as the chairperson of a military junta , which briefly made him de facto leader of Chile, but he later amended the nation's constitution and made himself president until new elections were called, making him
1512-577: A previous vote of no-confidence by the UCU branch of East Anglia, and a "scathing" letter written to the UEA Council by the professoriate demanding change, led to the immediate resignation of vice-chancellor David Richardson on 17 February 2023, who had been in the role for ten years. Questions were asked about the university's sudden crisis in Parliament, with the local MP Clive Lewis talking of
1620-459: A result of any changes" to accommodation. In April 2024, Dame Jenny Abramsky (previously the BBC's most senior female employee; Director of Audio and Music) was appointed as the university's chancellor. She succeeded Dame Karen Jones , who had been in the role since 2016. In August 2024, it was announced that contractor Mace was going to carry out a four-phase strip-back-to-frame refurbishment of
1728-409: A rocky outcrop on a slope". In 1968, Lasdun was replaced as the university's consultant architect by Sir Bernard Feilden , who completed both the wall and the library. He also created an arena-shaped square as a new social space. They would later receive Grade II* listed status. In 1963, the University of East Anglia Boat Club (UEABC) was founded; it currently has 60 members and rows year-round on
1836-672: A state in Australia. This is because the power to legislate on de facto matters relies on referrals by States to the Commonwealth in accordance with Section 51(xxxvii) of the Australian Constitution , where it states the new federal law can only be applied back within a state. There must be a nexus between the de facto relationship itself and the Australian state. If an Australian de facto couple moves out of
1944-604: A state, they do not take the state with them and the new federal law is tied to the territorial limits of a state. The legal status and rights and obligations of the de facto or unmarried couple would then be recognised by the laws of the country where they are ordinarily resident. This is unlike marriage and "matrimonial causes" which are recognised by sections 51(xxi) and (xxii) of the Constitution of Australia and internationally by marriage law and conventions, Hague Convention on Marriages (1978). A de facto relationship
2052-457: A subsequent legitimate government. That doctrine was nullified by the constitutional reform of 1994 . Article 36 states: Two examples of de facto leaders are Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China and general Manuel Noriega of Panama . Both of these men exercised nearly all control over their respective nations for many years despite not having either legal constitutional office or
2160-669: A £14.5m grant from the Sport England Lottery Fund and was formally opened by Princess Anne . That same year, UEA alumnus Sir Paul Nurse was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine which he shared jointly with Timothy Hunt and Leland Hartwell "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle". In 2002, the Norwich Medical School opened as part of the School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice with over 110 students enrolled as
2268-700: A £312.2m expenditure and a £559m gross contribution to the regional economy. UEA's alumni , faculty and researchers, include three Nobel Prize winners, co-discoverers of the Hepatitis C and D genomes, as well as the small interfering RNA , a co-inventor of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine , one President of the Royal Society , three Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences , six National Teaching Fellows , eight Fellows of
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#17328012171552376-465: Is a third de facto language. Russian was the de facto official language of the central government and, to a large extent, republican governments of the former Soviet Union , but was not declared de jure state language until 1990. A short-lived law, effected April 24, 1990, installed Russian as the sole de jure official language of the Union prior to its dissolution in 1991. In Hong Kong and Macau ,
2484-466: Is affiliated to the National Union of Students , and also campaigns on a wide range of issues, as directed by the democratic processes. The UEA Student Union has over 200 clubs and societies; sports teams include men's and women's football clubs , a British Universities American Football League (BUAFC) Premier South Division American Football Team, The UEA Pirates, a cheerleading society and
2592-438: Is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with de jure ('by law'). In jurisprudence , a de facto law (also known as a de facto regulation ) is a law or regulation that is followed but "is not specifically enumerated by a law." By definition, de facto 'contrasts' de jure which means "as defined by law" or "as a matter of law." For example, if a particular law exists in one jurisdiction, but
2700-416: Is comparable to non-marital relationship contracts (sometimes called "palimony agreements") and certain limited forms of domestic partnership, which are found in many jurisdictions throughout the world. A de facto Relationship is not comparable to common-law marriage , which is a fully legal marriage that has merely been contracted in an irregular way (including by habit and repute). Only nine U.S. states and
2808-406: Is followed in another where it has no legal effect (such as in another country), then the law could be considered a de facto regulation (a " de facto regulation" is not an officially prescribed legal classification for a type of law in a particular jurisdiction, rather, it is a concept about law(s). A de facto regulation may be followed by an organization as a result of the market size of
2916-502: Is involved in several Doctoral Training Partnerships (DTPs) and Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs), including AgriFoRwArdS (collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Lincoln which focuses on robotics within the agricultural sector), SENSS (partnership promoting social science research training with City, University of London , Cranfield University , University of Essex , Goldsmiths, University of London , University of Lincoln , Middlesex University and
3024-459: Is not a marriage and has significant differences socially, financially and emotionally." The above sense of de facto is related to the relationship between common law traditions and formal (statutory, regulatory, civil) law, and common-law marriages . Common law norms for settling disputes in practical situations, often worked out over many generations to establishing precedent , are a core element informing decision making in legal systems around
3132-408: Is one of five BBSRC funded research campuses with forty businesses, four independent research institutes ( John Innes Centre , Quadram Institute , Earlham Institute and The Sainsbury Laboratory ) and a teaching hospital ( Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital ) on site. The university is a member of Norwich Research Park , which has one of Europe's largest concentrations of researchers in
3240-543: Is part of the Faculty of Social Sciences. In 2011, the university won its second Queen's Anniversary Prize for its distinguished creative writing programme. This bolstered the region's reputation as a literary hub and helped Norwich to achieve its status as England's first UNESCO City of Literature in 2012. In 2009, UEA's School of International Development had previously been awarded in recognition of sustained responses to environmental change and world poverty. In 2013,
3348-648: Is situated nearby an area within the southwestern suburbs known as the Golden Triangle which has been dubbed the Norwich version of London's Notting Hill . Experimental novelist Alan Burns was the university's first writer-in-residence . The university library is home to the British Archive for Contemporary Writing, which is an archive of material from a range of classical and contemporary writers, including Doris Lessing , Lee Child and Naomi Alderman . Between September 2022 and November 2023,
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3456-531: Is used for both: to contrast obligatory standards (also known as "de jure standards"); or to express a dominant standard, when there is more than one proposed standard. In social sciences , a voluntary standard that is also a de facto standard, is a typical solution to a coordination problem . Several countries, including Australia, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States, have
3564-1123: The African Development Bank ), Uganda ( Syda Bbumba ), Thailand ( Suchart Thada-Thamrongvech ) and Venezuela ( Pedro Rosas Bravo ); Foreign Ministers of Iceland ( Össur Skarphéðinsson ) and The Gambia ( Ousman Jammeh ); Defence Minister of The Maldives Adam Shareef ; current Mongolian Culture Minister Nomin Chinbat and Democratic Republic of the Congo Budget Minister Aimé Boji ; and former Cabinet Ministers of Cyprus ( Marios Demetriades ), Peru ( Gino Costa ), South Sudan ( Agnes Kwaje Lasuba ), Kenya ( Hassan Wario ), Egypt ( Gamal El-Araby ), Tanzania ( Juma Ngasongwa ), Rwanda ( Daphrose Gahakwa ), Ethiopia ( Sinknesh Ejigu and Junedin Sado ), Seychelles ( Rolph Payet and Peter Sinon ), Turkey ( Cüneyd Düzyol ), Brunei ( Suyoi Osman and Adanan Yusof ) and Yemen ( Yahya Al-Mutawakel ). Alumni in national politics include
3672-825: The Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (MPhil, 2010), Helon Habila (PhD, 2008) and Henrietta Rose-Innes (PhD). Other alumni include Tracy Chevalier (Creative Writing, 1994), John Boyne (Creative Writing, 1996), Neel Mukherjee (Creative Writing, 2001), Mick Jackson (Creative Writing, 1992), Trezza Azzopardi (Creative Writing, 1998), Paul Murray (Creative Writing, 2001), James Scudamore (Creative Writing, 2006), Mohammed Hanif (Creative Writing, 2005), Richard House (PhD, 2008), Sebastian Barker (English Literature, 1970), Clive Sinclair (BA, 1969; PhD, 1983), Kathryn Hughes (Creative Writing, 1986), Peter J. Conradi and Craig Warner (Creative Writing, 2014). Alumni in international politics and government include
3780-463: The Family Court or Federal Circuit Court . Couples who are living together are generally recognised as a de facto union and thus able to claim many of the rights and benefits of a married couple, even if they have not registered or officially documented their relationship, although this may vary by state. It has been noted that it is harder to prove de facto relationship status, particularly in
3888-752: The Higher Education Funding Council for England for the creation of a new campus in the Waterfront area of Ipswich , called University Campus Suffolk (UCS). It opened in September 2007; in May 2016, it became independent of UEA and was renamed the University of Suffolk . In 2008, INTO University Partnerships opened a £35m six-storey building named INTO University of East Anglia (INTO UEA) with 415 en-suite study-bedrooms and classroom space for 600 students. The institution focuses on
3996-512: The Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) showed that UEA has one of the highest proportions of First Class and Upper Second Class degrees achieved by students with more than Oxford and Cambridge . Only three universities in the United Kingdom have been awarded a higher proportion of First Class degrees than UEA between the academic years 2014/15 and 2017/18. There is a concern about grade inflation with
4104-570: The Norfolk Broads and increased the number of rooms available to new students. That same year, vice-chancellor David Richardson unveiled a "2030 vision" which included a £300m investment in campus – refurbishing existing buildings as well as creating new teaching and learning spaces in order to help UEA become a major global university. In 2019, Norwich Business School received an Athena SWAN Bronze award which recognises good practices in higher education and research institutions towards
4212-639: The RAF Horsham St Faith to the south of Norwich International Airport housed approximately half of the university's first-year students. Other features include the UEA Broad and the Square (a central outdoor meeting place). There are also three statues by sculptor Sir Antony Gormley which were placed on campus in 2017. The work drew controversy due to the fact that the figures resembled people balancing on high ledges. Accommodation blocks on
4320-694: The River Yare . It is one of the few Broads produced by gravel extraction rather than peat digging. In 1978, the gift of tribal art and 20th-century paintings and sculptures by artists such as Francis Bacon and Henry Moore from Sir Robert Sainsbury resulted in the construction of the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts , one of the first major public buildings to be designed by the architects Norman Foster and Wendy Cheesman . The building became Grade II* listed in December 2012. In 1984,
4428-522: The University of Hong Kong . UEA had the joint twenty-fifth highest average entry qualification for undergraduates of any UK university in 2015, with new students averaging 407 UCAS points, equivalent to ABBbc in A-Level grades. In 2014, the ratio of applications to acceptances was 5.9 to 1. According to the 2017 Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, approximately 10.5% of East Anglia's undergraduates come from independent schools. Data from
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4536-478: The University of Roehampton ), ARIES (partnership offering environmental science research with University of Essex , University of Kent , University of Plymouth and Royal Holloway University ), as well as CHASE (collaboration providing humanities training with Birkbeck, University of London , Goldsmiths, University of London , The Courtauld Institute of Art , The Open University , SOAS, University of London , University of Essex , University of Kent and
4644-947: The University of Sussex ). Internationally, UEA has multiple international partner institutions where there are formal agreements for student exchange, research collaborations, staff and faculty mobility and study abroad schemes (semester or year) including: University of California ( Berkeley , Davis , Irvine , Los Angeles , Merced , Riverside , San Diego , San Francisco , Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz ), Georgetown University , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , University of Arizona , Temple University , University of Colorado Boulder , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , University of Notre Dame , Middlebury College , Bennington College , University of British Columbia , University of Calgary , Australian National University , Monash University , University of Melbourne , University of Sydney , Nanyang Technological University , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and
4752-458: The World Bank has a pertinent definition: A "de facto government" comes into, or remains in, power by means not provided for in the country's constitution, such as a coup d'état, revolution, usurpation, abrogation or suspension of the constitution. In engineering, de facto technology is a system in which the intellectual property and know-how is privately held. Usually only the owner of
4860-614: The Yare River from September to July. The club has a boathouse and also has use of the UEA Sportspark on campus. In 1964, Arthur Miller 's The Crucible became the first drama production to be staged at UEA with John Rhys Davies , the drama society's first president and one of the first 105 students admitted to the university. In 1965, composer Benjamin Britten was appointed music adviser for UEA and in 1967, he conducted
4968-422: The jurisdiction imposing the regulation as a proportion of the overall market; wherein the market share is so large that it results in the organization choosing to comply by implementing one standard of business with respect to the given de facto law instead of altering standards between different jurisdictions and markets (e.g. data protection, manufacturing, etc.). The decision to voluntarily comply may be
5076-527: The special administrative regions of China , the official languages are English and Portuguese respectively, together with Chinese. However, no particular variety of Chinese referred to in law is specified. Cantonese ( Hong Kong Cantonese ) in traditional Chinese characters is the de facto standard in both territories. A de facto government is a government wherein all the attributes of sovereignty have, by usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others, who, sustained by
5184-1108: The 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate and former President of the Royal Society Sir Paul Nurse (PhD, 1973); the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winning co-discoverer of the Hepatitis C and D genomes Sir Michael Houghton (Biological Sciences, 1972); vaccinologist Dame Sarah Gilbert (Biological Sciences, 1983) who designed the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine ; Darwin Medal , Darwin–Wallace Medal and Erwin Schrödinger Prize winning evolutionary biologist Nick Barton (PhD, 1979); Potamkin Prize winning pathologist Karen Duff (Biological Sciences, 1987); climate scientists Tim Lenton , Chris Turney , Neil Adger , Benjamin D. Santer , Timothy Osborn , Keith Briffa , Sarah Raper , and Peter Thorne ; and
5292-426: The 20th century, the phrase de facto state of war refers to a situation where two nations are actively engaging, or are engaged, in aggressive military actions against the other without a formal declaration of war . A domestic partner outside marriage is referred to as a de facto husband or wife by some authorities. In Australian law , a de facto relationship is a legally recognized, committed relationship of
5400-635: The British Academy and a number of Fellows of the Royal Society . Alumni also include CEOs , one current monarch and former prime minister , two de facto heads of state, one vice president , one deputy prime minister , two former Leaders of the House of Lords , along with winners of the Lasker Award , Booker Prize , Caine Prize and Costa Book Award . Attempts to establish a university in Norwich were made in 1919 and 1947, but due to
5508-510: The CRU was a major repository for data regarding man-made global warming , the release, which occurred directly prior to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , attracted international attention and led to calls for an inquiry, with the controversy gaining the nickname "climategate". As a result, eight investigations were launched in both the United Kingdom and the United States, but none found evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct, and
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#17328012171555616-735: The Derby Day trophy from 2013 to 2018. The UEA Student Union organises gigs and club nights at the Lower Common Room in Union House. The union also runs the Waterfront venue, off campus in Norwich's King Street, which was awarded a Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) award in 2018 for engagement with alumni. Acts that have performed at these venues include Captain Beefheart , The Cure , Coldplay , Pere Ubu , U2 , Haim , The Smiths , Sparks , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Radiohead and Iron Maiden . The union operates
5724-587: The District of Columbia still permit common-law marriage; but common law marriages are otherwise valid and recognised by and in all jurisdictions whose rules of comity mandate the recognition of any marriage that was legally formed in the jurisdiction where it was contracted. De facto joint custody is comparable to the joint legal decision-making authority a married couple has over their child(ren) in many jurisdictions (Canada as an example). Upon separation, each parent maintains de facto joint custody, until such time
5832-671: The ESRC Centre for Competition Policy [CCP] and Morten Hviid of the Law School took over from Catherine Waddams as Director of the CCP in September 2010. University of East Anglia The University of East Anglia ( UEA ) is a public research university in Norwich , England. Established in 1963 on a 360-acre (150-hectare) campus west of the city centre, the university has four faculties and twenty-six schools of study. It
5940-494: The Earlham Hall estate was at that time occupied by a golf course. Lasdun presented a model and an outline plan at a press conference in April 1963, but it took another year to produce more detailed plans, which diverged considerably from the model. As a result, the first buildings did not open until late-1966. Lasdun moved the teaching and research functions into a single 460-metre (1,510-foot) long concrete block following
6048-1164: The Fellows of the Royal Society James Barber , Keith Beven , Mervyn Bibb , Lucy Carpenter , Ken Carslaw , Richard Flavell , Don Grierson , Louise Heathwaite , Brian Hemmings , Giles Oldroyd , Terence Rabbitts , William Sutherland , and Nick Talbot . Literary alumni include the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Sir Kazuo Ishiguro (Creative Writing, 1980), renowned German writer W. G. Sebald (PhD, 1973), Booker Prize winners Ian McEwan (Creative Writing, 1971), and Anne Enright (Creative Writing, 1988); Costa Book Award winners Dame Rose Tremain (Creative Writing, 1967), Andrew Miller (Creative Writing, 1991), David Almond (English Literature, 1993), Tash Aw (Creative Writing, 2003), Emma Healey (Creative Writing, 2011), Susan Fletcher (Creative Writing, 2002), Adam Foulds (Creative Writing, 2001), Avril Joy (History of Art, 1972) and Christie Watson (Creative Writing, 2009); and
6156-553: The Lasdun Wall buildings due to potential architectural risks and failings. The £88m project includes both new research and teaching space in an extended Building 3, while existing facilities will continue to operate within Buildings 4, 5 and 6. It will also provide an 86% betterment in thermal performance, aligning it with UEA's net zero emission targets. Features of the UEA campus include Earlham Hall, which now accommodates
6264-928: The Liberal Democrat peer Rosalind Scott, Baroness Scott of Needham Market (European Studies, 1999). UEA is also the alma mater of the former Crossbench peer Timothy Bentinck, 12th Earl of Portland (History of Art, 1975); and the former MPs Douglas Carswell (History, 1993), Judith Chaplin , Tony Colman (International Development), Caroline Flint (American Literature, History and Film, 1983), Jon Owen Jones (Ecology, 1975), Tess Kingham (Education), and Ivor Stanbrook (Law, 1995). De facto De facto ( / d eɪ ˈ f æ k t oʊ , d i -, d ə -/ day FAK -toh, dee -, də - ; Latin: [deː ˈfaktoː] ; lit. ' in fact ' ) describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It
6372-764: The Queen's Building, which hosts classes within the School of Health Sciences. In 1995, the Elizabeth Fry Building was opened, providing new facilities for almost 800 students. In 2000, UEA's reputation within the field of environmental research led to the government choosing the university as the site for the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The centre, named after the 19th-century scientist John Tyndall , brings together scientists, economists, engineers and social scientists from eight partner institutions to "research, assess and communicate from
6480-832: The Sainsbury Centre at UEA was used for filming several scenes in Avengers: Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , Captain America: Civil War and Spider-Man: Homecoming . In 2015, "Britain's Greenest Building" (The Enterprise Centre) opened on campus using low-carbon local materials; it was featured in an exhibition at COP26 as one of the most exemplary sustainable building projects in the world. Also, Earlham Park played host between 23 and 24 May to BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend 2015 where acts such as Fall Out Boy , Muse , Foo Fighters and Taylor Swift performed. In late-September 2016, two new accommodation blocks opened; Barton House and Hickling House were named after two of
6588-433: The School have international reputations for research in Medical Law, Intellectual Property Law, Public Order law, Evidence, Criminal Justice and Procedure, Comparative Private Law, Contract, Tort and Restitution, and Family law. In addition to these School-based research clusters, many researchers in the School belong to formal networks which go beyond the Law School. For example, the School's competition lawyers are members of
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#17328012171556696-454: The School of Environmental Sciences, has been an early centre of work for climate change research. The school was also stated to be "the strongest in the world" by the chief scientific adviser to the British government , Sir David King , during a lecture at the John Innes Centre in 2005. The university was one of the first in the United Kingdom to establish Film Studies as a serious academic discipline, with developmental funding to support
6804-430: The School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing and jointly helped to establish their creative writing course at masters level in 1970, which was then a groundbreaking initiative in the United Kingdom. In 1972, the Centre for Climatic Research opened in the School of Environmental Sciences; the founder and first director was climatologist Hubert Lamb . That same year, UEA's consultant architect Bernard Feilden helped
6912-413: The Top 20 by The Times , The Sunday Times , The Guardian and The Complete University Guide . In April 2013, the university was ranked first for student experience according to the Times Higher Education Magazine . It currently ranks third for student satisfaction in the National Student Survey when ranking mainstream English universities. UEA is the only institution to have ranked within
7020-444: The Top 5 since the survey began. In 2022, UEA was ranked first for "UK University Job Prospects" by students in the Student Crowd Survey. In 2017, the university was rated "gold" by the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) for quality of teaching. In the 2023 TEF assessment, UEA's award was revised to "silver". The university offers over 300 courses in its four faculties, which contain twenty-six schools of study: All students at
7128-417: The Two Sicilies ). The de facto boundaries of a country are defined by the area that its government is actually able to enforce its laws in, and to defend against encroachments by other countries that may also claim the same territory de jure. The Durand Line is an example of a de facto boundary. As well as cases of border disputes , de facto boundaries may also arise in relatively unpopulated areas in which
7236-725: The UEA Choir in a performance of his composition War Requiem . In the early-1970s, UEA:TV (under the name of Nexus UTV ) was formed and created student-made television with it operating for two hours a day over lunchtime. The monthly student newspaper Concrete officially launched in 1973, replacing Mandate from 1965; issues have included interviews with Tony Blair , Nick Clegg , Paul McCartney , Coldplay , Stephen Fry , Michael Palin , Harrison Ford , Greg James , Charles Clarke and Max Mosley . Additional university publications included Phoenix , Can Opener , Mustard Magazine and Kett before Concrete re-launched in 1992. Authors Malcolm Bradbury and Angus Wilson both founded
7344-425: The UEA Law School first moved to Earlham Hall which dates back to 1580 and was the seat of the Gurney family . Social reformer Elizabeth Fry grew up there and Prince William Frederick was once a regular guest. In 1984, the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) moved to a new cylindrical building designed by Rick Mather . In 2006, this was named the Hubert Lamb Building in honour of the first director. In 1988, for
7452-449: The UEA Law School; the Sainsbury Centre at the western end of the main wall, designed by Norman Foster to house the art collection of Sir Robert Sainsbury , whose daughter attended UEA; the Sportspark, a multi-sports facility; and the Enterprise Centre, a supportive hub for start-up companies. The campus also includes Norwich Research Park and the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. Until 1994, former RAF accommodation blocks at
7560-419: The UK by The Guardian. The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise rated 80% of the research as being at international level (2* and above), of which 40% was rated as being of either world-leading (4*) or internationally excellent quality (3*). The School has research centres or groupings in the areas of Competition Law, Media and Internet Law and International Company and Commercial Law. Additionally, members of
7668-402: The Union Pub and Bar, a 24-hour library, a concert venue (Lower Common Room), a canteen (Campus Kitchen), a café (The Blend), a bar (Unio), a graduate bar (The Scholar's Bar) and The Street with a 24-hour launderette, the Union Shop and a coffee shop (Ziggy's). Other establishments include Café 57 and the Bio Cafe. There is also the Medical Centre and Dental Practice located on the eastern side of
7776-599: The United States (outside of the South) until the 1950s and 1960s was simply discrimination that was not segregation by law (de jure). " Jim Crow laws ", which were enacted in the 1870s, brought legal racial segregation against black Americans residing in the American South . These laws were legally ended in 1964 by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . Most commonly used to describe large scale conflicts of
7884-603: The academics were subsequently fully exonerated. In 2011, an analysis of temperature data by the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature group concluded that the CRU's "studies were done carefully and that potential biases identified by climate change sceptics did not seriously affect their conclusions". In 2010, the Thomas Paine Study Centre was opened by playwright Trevor Griffiths . It became Norwich Business School which
7992-478: The advancement of gender equality . During the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020, the university gave empty student accommodation to NHS staff, allowing them to isolate from at-risk family members and to avoid commuting. In June 2021, plans for a BBC film documenting the 2009 CRU email controversy were announced, featuring Jason Watkins playing the role of climatologist Phil Jones. The film ( The Trick )
8100-505: The border was never formally established or in which the agreed border was never surveyed and its exact position is unclear. The same concepts may also apply to a boundary between provinces or other subdivisions of a federal state . In South Africa, although de jure apartheid formally began in 1948, de facto racist policies and practices discriminating against black South Africans, People of Colour, and Indians dated back decades before. De facto racial discrimination and segregation in
8208-751: The campus include Constable Terrace, Nelson Court, with Britten, Paston, Colman, Victory, Kett and Browne Houses, in addition to the University Village. The residences are named after Horatio Nelson , John Constable , Benjamin Britten , Jeremiah Colman , Nelson's ship HMS Victory , Robert Kett , Sir Thomas Browne and the Paston family (authors of the Paston Letters ). UEA's newest residences (Crome, Hickling and Barton Houses) offer en suite accommodation with shared kitchens and communal lounge areas. Facilities located on campus include
8316-597: The campus. The campus is linked to Norwich city centre and railway station by frequent buses, operated by First Eastern Counties , via Unthank Road or Earlham Road. Other transport links include First Buses to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital and to Bowthorpe , as well as Konectbus services to Watton , Dereham and also Costessey via park and ride . National Express provides coach services to London and Megabus also operates both low cost intercity and long-distance travel to cities including Cambridge , Birmingham , Bristol and Cardiff . The university
8424-435: The case of the death of one of the partners. In April 2014, an Australian federal court judge ruled that a heterosexual couple who had a child and lived together for 13 years were not in a de facto relationship and thus the court had no jurisdiction to divide up their property under family law following a request for separation. In his ruling, the judge stated "de facto relationship(s) may be described as 'marriage like' but it
8532-505: The contour of the site, with facilities for resident tutors. Alongside this teaching wall a walkway was built, giving access to the various entrances of the wall, with frontage roads beneath. Attached to the southern side of the walkway, six linked blocks of terraced accommodation residences were constructed to appear as one structure. The residences became known as the " Ziggurats " and were designed by Lasdun to recall "vineyards in France or
8640-586: The convicted person to "live out the vast majority of their life in jail prior to their release." A de facto standard is a standard (formal or informal) that has achieved a dominant position by tradition, enforcement, or market dominance. It has not necessarily received formal approval by way of a standardization process, and may not have an official standards document. Technical standards are usually voluntary, such as ISO 9000 requirements, but may be obligatory, enforced by government norms, such as drinking water quality requirements. The term "de facto standard"
8748-654: The current King of Tonga Tupou VI (Development Studies, 1980) who also served as Prime Minister from 2000 to 2006 and Foreign Minister from 1998 to 2004; Governor General of Grenada Sir Carlyle Glean (Education, 1982); Governor of Gibraltar Sir Robert Fulton (Social Sciences, 1970) who was formerly Commandant General Royal Marines ; Kiribati Vice President Teima Onorio (Education, 1990); Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Murat Karayalçın (Development Economics, 1977) who also served as Foreign Minister; Finance Ministers of Australia ( Mathias Cormann ), South Africa ( Tito Mboweni ), Rwanda ( Donald Kaberuka , later President of
8856-544: The current MPs Rachael Maskell (Physiotherapy, 1994), Brian Mathew (Development Studies, 1983), Manuela Perteghella , Adrian Ramsay , Connor Rand (History, 2014), Sam Rushworth , and Karin Smyth (Politics, 1988); former Leaders of the House of Lords Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos (Applied Research in Education, 1978) and Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde (Modern Languages and European Studies, 1982); and
8964-504: The degrees awarded by English universities , with the University of East Anglia awarding 35.7% First Class degrees, 52.1% Upper Seconds (2:1), 11.2% Lower Seconds (2:2) and 1% Third Class degrees in 2016/17. The results of the 2021 Research Excellence Framework , published on 12 May 2022, showed that over 91% of the university's research activity was deemed to be "world leading" or "internationally excellent" with more than 47% having
9072-427: The demand for the expansion of higher education. In 1961, the first vice-chancellor, Frank Thistlethwaite , had approached architect Denys Lasdun , an adherent of the " New Brutalist " trend in architecture, who was at that time building Fitzwilliam College , to produce designs for the permanent campus. The site chosen was on the western edge of the city, on the south side of Earlham Road. The land, formerly part of
9180-425: The fields of agriculture , genomics , health and the environment . UEA is also one of the nation's most-cited research institutions worldwide. The postgraduate Master of Arts in creative writing , founded by Sir Malcolm Bradbury and Sir Angus Wilson in 1970, is competitive and has produced several distinguished authors. The annual income for 2022/23 was £315m (£34.2m from research grants and contracts) with
9288-402: The financial year 2023/24 and had predicted that there would be £45m yearly losses by 2026/27. The university's teaching block, also known as the Lasdun Wall, urgently required major repairs; its condition was described as "deteriorating fast" and it was said that if repairs were not done it might have "to be closed permanently" and would be "unusable by 2025". The financial turmoil alongside
9396-629: The formal and legal ruler of Chile. Similarly, Saddam Hussein 's formal rule of Iraq is often recorded as beginning in 1979, the year he assumed the Presidency of Iraq . However, his de facto rule of the nation began earlier: during his time as vice president ; he exercised a great deal of power at the expense of the elderly Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , the de jure president. In Argentina , the successive military coups that overthrew constitutional governments installed de facto governments in 1930–1932 , 1943–1946 , 1955–1958 , 1966–1973 and 1976–1983 ,
9504-600: The highest category of 4* of World Leading Research, significantly higher than the national average of 41%. UEA was ranked thirteenth in the UK for the quality of its research outputs and twentieth overall amongst all mainstream British institutions – a rise of nine places since the last assessment in 2014. The university ranks in the Top 1% worldwide according to the Times Higher Education world rankings, and within
9612-584: The institution being in a "death spiral". Professor David Maguire , formerly vice-chancellor at the University of Greenwich , was appointed as the new vice-chancellor on 22 May 2023. According to a UEA press release, Maguire "will lead UEA through a significant period of transformation and change as it works to secure its future financial stability, and continue its success as a world-leading teaching and research University for future generations of students and staff". In practice this meant job cuts and threats of compulsory redundancy (113 staff posts were lost over
9720-566: The last of which combined the powers of the presidential office with those of the National Congress . The subsequent legal analysis of the validity of such actions led to the formulation of a doctrine of the de facto governments , a case law ( precedential ) formulation which essentially said that the actions and decrees of past de facto governments, although not rooted in legal legitimacy when taken, remained binding until and unless such time as they were revoked or repealed de jure by
9828-809: The legal authority to exercise power. These individuals are today commonly recorded as the "leaders" of their respective nations; recording their legal, correct title would not give an accurate assessment of their power. Another example of a de facto ruler is someone who is not the actual ruler but exerts great or total influence over the true ruler, which is quite common in monarchies. Some examples of these de facto rulers are Empress Dowager Cixi of China (for son Tongzhi Emperor and nephew Guangxu Emperor ), Prince Alexander Menshikov (for his former lover Empress Catherine I of Russia ), Cardinal Richelieu of France (for Louis XIII ), Queen Elisabeth of Parma (for her husband, King Philip V ) and Queen Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily (for her husband King Ferdinand I of
9936-648: The library also worked on a project entitled "Towards a Centre for Contemporary Poetry in the Archive", which has included hosting four Poets in Residence: Joelle Taylor , Jay Bernard , Anthony Vahni Capildeo and Gail McConnell. The German émigré novelist W. G. Sebald taught at the School of Literature and Creative Writing and founded the British Centre for Literary Translation. The Climatic Research Unit, founded in 1972 by Hubert Lamb in
10044-468: The opposite side of the Earlham Road to the present campus, this was a collection of prefabricated structures designed for 1,200 students, laid out by the local architectural firm Feilden and Mawson . There were no residences with the vice-chancellor and administration being based in nearby Earlham Hall . UEA was one of the " plate glass universities " that were constructed during the decade to meet
10152-557: The provision of foundation courses for international students , including English language for academic purposes. Nationally, UEA is also involved in a number of partnerships including the Nexus Network (with the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership and the University of Sussex ) which fosters research and practical collaborations across the domains of energy and the environment. Additionally, UEA
10260-486: The result of: a desire to simplify manufacturing processes & cost-effectiveness ( such as adopting a one size fits all approach ), consumer demand & expectation, or other factors known only to the complier. In prison sentences , the term de facto life sentence (also known as a "virtual" life sentence ) is used to describe a "non-life sentence" that is long enough to end after the convicted person would have likely died due to old age, or one long enough to cause
10368-729: The summer). In September 2023, it was announced that some of the university's student accommodation would be temporarily closed, due to government guidance on the unsafe nature of the building material RAAC . The dwellings affected were the Ziggurats (including both Norfolk and Suffolk Terrace), visiting person accommodation at Broadview Lodge and the top floor levels of both Constable Terrace and Nelson Court. Students were moved to alternative accommodation either on campus or off-campus. Vice-chancellor Professor Maguire noted that they would be closed "until we can be certain that they are safe" and that there would be "no additional costs to students as
10476-427: The technology manufactures the related equipment. Meanwhile, a standard technology consists of systems that have been publicly released to a certain degree so that anybody can manufacture equipment supporting the technology. For instance, in cell phone communications, CDMA1X is a de facto technology, while GSM is a standard technology. Examples of a de facto General Manager in sports include Syd Thrift who acted as
10584-401: The university and INTO UEA automatically become members of the union but do have the right to opt out of membership. Membership confers the ability to take part in the union's activities such as clubs and societies and being involved in the democratic processes of the union. The union is a democratic organisation run by its members via an elected student officer committee and student council. It
10692-510: The university celebrated its 50th-anniversary, ranking No. 1 in the Times Higher Education Magazine Student Experience league table. UEA also launched its first free Massive open online course (MOOC) in partnership with Future Learn . In 2014, UEA opened an environmentally friendly accommodation block (Crome Court) which has won a number of awards for sustainability. In the mid-2010s,
10800-499: The university to win a Civic Trust Award for the design of the main campus social area (The Square). In the mid-1970s, the School of Computing Sciences first opened at UEA and the university started offering postgraduate and undergraduate education degrees from Keswick Hall , a manor and country house that previously served as a residence of the Gurney family and housed the former Norwich Teacher Training College. The property
10908-503: The university's 25th-anniversary celebrations, King Charles III visited the CRU building. It has become one of the leading institutions worldwide concerned with the study of natural and anthropogenic climate change . Also in 1988, ten years after the Sainsbury Centre opened, all of the cladding had to be replaced with the aluminium panels having deteriorated beyond repair. In 1989, the British Centre for Literary Translation
11016-497: The world Top 100 for research excellence in the Leiden Ranking , with UEA "often out-performing Russell Group universities". In 2022, UEA was ranked within the Top 50 globally for research citations by the Times Higher Education world rankings. In 2012, UEA was named the tenth best university in the world under 50-years-old and third best within the United Kingdom. In national league tables, UEA has been ranked within
11124-656: The world. Because its early forms originated in England in the Middle Ages , this is particularly true in Anglo-American legal traditions and in former colonies of the British Empire , while also playing a role in some countries that have mixed systems with significant admixtures of civil law. Due to Australian federalism , de facto partnerships can only be legally recognised whilst the couple lives within
11232-475: Was an annual fundraising event for the Big C Cancer Charity and ran from 2006 to 2019. Students acquired a wheelbarrow and decorated it in accordance with their team's theme. They were then paraded around the local area, via a selection of local pubs and with a wheelbarrow race through Eaton Park . The annual Derby Day sports event involves UEA taking on the University of Essex in approximately 40 sports. UEA won
11340-529: Was founded in the School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing by W. G. Sebald , who taught European Literature. In 1987, the Arthur Miller Centre for American Studies was set up to facilitate the study of the United States. Miller later spent his 85th-birthday at UEA when he was made an honorary graduate in 2000. In 1990, the student radio station Livewire1350AM launched, completing UEA's Media Collective of print, television and radio. It
11448-706: Was opened by Radio 1 DJ John Peel (who was awarded an honorary MA degree from UEA) and is now one of the longest running student radio stations in the country. In 1993, the Union of UEA Students took over the management of the Waterfront , a music venue and nightclub located on the bank of the River Wensum which has hosted bands and artists including Pulp , Radiohead , Nirvana , The Verve , Arctic Monkeys , The Prodigy , Amy Winehouse , Stereophonics , Paul Weller , Buzzcocks , MGMT , Travis , Moby , Ellie Goulding and Foals . In 1994, Queen Elizabeth II opened
11556-456: Was shot on location at the university and aired in October 2021. In 2023, the university entered a financial crisis when it made a £74m loss in the financial year ending on 31 July 2022. The university's income was £295m, but it spent £370m: 48% staff costs, 16% pension scheme provision, 26% other costs, 8% depreciation and 2% interest on loans. The university expected to make a £34m loss in
11664-432: Was sold off in 1981 after the college's amalgamation with the university due to an enforced closure. The UEA Broad was developed by Atlas Aggregates in conjunction with the university between August 1973 and June 1978. The project involved excavating an 18-acre (7.3-hectare) area of gravel and was arranged as part of a "no money" deal where the aggregate company took the material leaving a landscaped body of water fed by
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