An aponeurosis ( / ˌ æ p ə nj ʊəˈr oʊ s ɪ s / ; pl. : aponeuroses ) is a flattened tendon by which muscle attaches to bone or fascia . Aponeuroses exhibit an ordered arrangement of collagen fibres, thus attaining high tensile strength in a particular direction while being vulnerable to tensional or shear forces in other directions. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, are histologically similar to tendons , and are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves . When dissected, aponeuroses are papery and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeuroses are in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, the ventriculus in birds, and the palmar (palms) and plantar (soles) regions.
19-470: UFT may stand for: Upper fibers of trapezius Unified field theory , a theory in physics United Faculty of Theology in Melbourne, Victoria United Federation of Teachers , a New York union Universidade Federal do Tocantins , a Brazilian university Finis Terrae University ( Universidad Finis Terrae ), a Chilean university Tegafur/uracil ,
38-418: A chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of cancer Ultimate Family Tree, a discontinued genealogy program from Ancestry.com Micro Focus Unified Functional Testing , a testing and quality assurance software solution Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title UFT . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
57-415: A portion of the analogous muscle. The superior or upper (or descending) fibers of the trapezius originate from the spinous process of C7, the external occipital protuberance , the medial third of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone (both in the back of the head), and the ligamentum nuchae . From this origin, they proceed downward and laterally to be inserted into the posterior border of
76-472: Is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from the frontalis muscle anteriorly to the occipitalis posteriorly. Pennate muscles , in which the muscle fibers are oriented at an angle to the line of action, typically have two aponeuroses. Muscle fibers connect one to the other, and each aponeurosis thins into a tendon which attaches to bone at the origin or insertion site. Like tendons , aponeuroses attached to pennate muscles can be stretched by
95-439: Is connected to the bone by a thin fibrous lamina, firmly adherent to the skin. The superficial and deep epimysia are continuous with an investing deep fascia that encircles the neck and also contains both sternocleidomastoid muscles. At the middle, the muscle is connected to the spinous processes by a broad semi-elliptical aponeurosis , which reaches from the sixth cervical to the third thoracic vertebræ and forms, with that of
114-403: Is one of the commonly affected muscles in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). The lower and middle fibers are affected initially, and the upper fibers are commonly spared until late in the disease. Although rare, underdevelopment or absence of the trapezius has been reported to correlate to neck pain and poor scapular control that are not responsive to physical therapy . Absence of
133-420: The acromion and inferior angles move up and the medial border moves down (upward rotation). The upper and lower fibers work in tandem with serratus anterior to upwardly rotate the scapulae, and work in opposition to the levator scapulae and the rhomboids , which effect downward rotation. An example of trapezius function is an overhead press . When activating together, the upper and lower fibers also assist
152-406: The external oblique , pectoralis muscles , and the latissimus dorsi . The posterior lumbar aponeuroses are situated just on top of the epaxial muscles of the thorax, which are multifidus spinae and sacrospinalis . The palmar aponeuroses occur on the palms of the hands. The extensor hoods are aponeuroses at the back of the fingers. The plantar aponeuroses occur on the plantar aspect of
171-453: The occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae of the spine and laterally to the spine of the scapula . It moves the scapula and supports the arm . The trapezius has three functional parts: The trapezius muscle resembles a trapezium , also known as a trapezoid, or diamond-shaped quadrilateral . The word "spinotrapezius" refers to the human trapezius, although it is not commonly used in modern texts. In other mammals, it refers to
190-411: The foot. They extend from the calcaneal tuberosity then diverge to connect to the bones, ligaments and the dermis of the skin around the distal part of the metatarsal bones. The anterior and posterior intercostal membranes are aponeuroses located between the ribs and are continuations of the external and internal intercostal muscles , respectively. The epicranial aponeurosis , or galea aponeurotica,
209-452: The lateral third of the clavicle . The middle fibers, or transverse of the trapezius arise from the spinous process of the seventh cervical (both in the back of the neck), and the spinous processes of the first, second, and third thoracic vertebrae . They are inserted into the medial margin of the acromion , and into the superior lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula . The inferior or lower (or ascending) fibers of
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#1732771865835228-457: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UFT&oldid=912102440 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Trapezius The trapezius is a large paired trapezoid -shaped surface muscle that extends longitudinally from
247-403: The middle fibers (along with other muscles such as the rhomboids ) with scapular retraction/adduction. The trapezius also assists in abduction of the shoulder above 90 degrees by rotating the glenoid upward. Injury to cranial nerve XI will cause weakness in abducting the shoulder above 90 degrees. When the scapulae are stable, a co-contraction of both sides can extend the neck. Dysfunction of
266-411: The opposite muscle, a tendinous ellipse. The rest of the muscle arises by numerous short tendinous fibers. It is possible to feel the muscles of the superior trapezius as they become active by holding a weight in one hand in front of the body and, with the other hand, touching the area between the shoulder and the neck. Motor function is supplied by the accessory nerve . Sensation, including pain and
285-417: The sense of joint position ( proprioception ), travel via the ventral rami of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical spinal nerves . Since it is a muscle of the upper limb, the trapezius is not innervated by dorsal rami , despite being placed superficially in the back. Contraction of the trapezius muscle can have two effects: movement of the scapulae when the spinal origins are stable, and movement of
304-407: The spine when the scapulae are stable. Its main function is to stabilize and move the scapula. The upper fibers elevate the scapulae, the middle fibers retract the scapulae, and the lower fibers depress the scapulae. In addition to scapular translation, the trapezius induces scapular rotation. The upper and lower fibers tend to rotate the scapula around the sternoclavicular articulation so that
323-401: The trapezius arise from the spinous processes of the remaining thoracic vertebrae (T4–T12). From this origin, they proceed upward and laterally to converge near the scapula and end in an aponeurosis , which glides over the smooth triangular surface on the medial end of the spine, to be inserted into a tubercle at the apex of this smooth triangular surface. At its occipital origin, the trapezius
342-544: The trapezius can result in winged scapula , sometimes further specified as "lateral winging" and in an abnormal mobility or function of the scapula (scapular dyskinesia). There are multiple causes of trapezius dysfunction. Trapezius palsy , due to damage of the spinal accessory nerve , is characterized by difficulty with arm adduction and abduction , and associated with a drooping shoulder, and shoulder and neck pain . Intractable trapezius palsy can be surgically managed with an Eden–Lange procedure . The trapezius muscle
361-439: The trapezius has been reported in association with Poland syndrome . It is mainly used in throwing, with the deltoid muscle and rotator cuff . [REDACTED] This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 432 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Aponeurosis The anterior abdominal aponeuroses are located just superficial to the rectus abdominis muscle . It has for its borders
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