Misplaced Pages

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42-550: As of 2020, the highway's eastern terminus is in Columbia, Tennessee at an intersection with Interstate 65 , where it continues east as State Route 99 . Its western terminus is in Springer, New Mexico at an intersection with Interstate 25 . Even though the number “412” would indicate that U.S. 412 is a spur route of U.S. 12 , the two highways never connect because U.S. 12 runs far more north than U.S. 412. Even though U.S. 412

84-1049: A brief overlap with Highway 21 in the southwest corner of the county, and has junctions with many rural routes in Carroll County. The highway passes the James C. Chaney House and Stamps Store in Osage , the Dog Branch School , and the Yell Masonic Lodge Hall in Carrollton . In Alpena , US 412 begins a concurrency with US 62 . This overlap is approximately 150 miles (240 km) through many north central Arkansas communities, including Harrison , Cotter , Mountain Home , Ash Flat , and Hardy . In Imboden , US 412 breaks from US 62 north, now concurrent with US 63 until 2 miles east of Portia . After

126-474: A juvenile inmate. On February 25, 1946, a civil disturbance, dubbed "the Columbia Race Riot," broke out in the county seat. It was covered by the national press as the first "major racial confrontation" following World War II. In a fight instigated by William "Billy" Fleming, a white repair apprentice, James Stephenson, a black Navy veteran, fought back and wounded him. Stephenson had been on

168-420: A stretch of highway that was upgraded from 2 to 4 lanes in the 1990s. After leaving Jackson on its eastern side, US 412 passes through the towns of Lexington , Parsons , and Hohenwald before reaching Columbia . The section from Hohenwald eastward to I-65 near Columbia is overlapped with unsigned State Route 99 . East of I-65 at the eastern terminus of US 412, the route remains SR 99. Arkansas Highway 68

210-498: Is a historic plantation mansion located southwest of the city on Mt. Pleasant Pike (Columbia highway). Master builder Nathan Vaught started construction in 1838, and the mansion and other buildings were completed in 1839, for Gideon Johnson Pillow (1806-1877) on land inherited from Gideon Pillow. Columbia is the location of Tennessee's first two-year college, Columbia State Community College , established in 1966. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Lady Bird Johnson dedicated

252-447: Is a three-digit highway, it is still considered part of the double-digit U.S. Highway System. US 412 overlaps with U.S. 43 , U.S. 56 , US 60 , U.S. 62 , U.S. 63 , U.S. 64 , U.S. 65 , I-155 , and U.S. 270 , runs parallel to U.S. 62 and U.S. 64 in various places and intersects U.S. 70 . The highway begins at mile marker 412 of Interstate 25 in Springer . It is concurrent with U.S. Route 56 throughout its entire route in

294-399: Is concurrent with both US 62 and US 65 . In the state's northwest corner, the route enters Arkansas. In Benton County , the route serves Siloam Springs as a major route through the southern part of the city. US 412 has a concurrency with Highway 59 that ends in east Siloam Springs. US 412 becomes four-lane and runs east to enter Washington County . The route enters Tontitown , passes

336-617: Is home to one of the last two surviving residences of James Knox Polk , the 11th President of the United States; the other is the White House. A year after the organization of Maury County in 1807, Columbia was laid out in 1808 and lots were sold. The original town, on the south bank of the Duck River , consisted of four blocks. The town was incorporated in 1817. Columbia was the site of Jackson College from 1837 until it

378-613: Is the former designation of U.S. Highway 412 from the Arkansas-Oklahoma State Line to U.S. Highway 62 at Alpena . The original eastern terminus of Highway 68 was 10 miles (16 km) east of Huntsville at Highway 21 , but was extended in the 1940s to Alpena. An old alignment of Highway 68 can be found 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Huntsville. This section includes an open-spandrel arch bridge over War Eagle Creek. Just east of Mountain Home, in Henderson,

420-856: The Cimarron Turnpike (from I-35 to the western outskirts of Tulsa), and the Cherokee Turnpike (from near Chouteau to about 10 miles (16 km) west of the Arkansas border). The Arkansas section starts at the Oklahoma line, runs through the scenic Ozark Mountains in the northern part of Arkansas, and leaves the state at the Missouri Bootheel . Cities along the route include Siloam Springs , Springdale , Alpena , Harrison , Cotter , Mountain Home , Salem , Walnut Ridge , and Paragould . In Harrison, U.S. Route 412

462-588: The Springdale Municipal Airport and Highway 265 out of town. Again becoming four-lane divided, the route winds east to Hindsville . The route nears Hindsville, including an intersection with a former alignment now designated US 412B . The community was bypassed in 2009 with a four-lane alignment of US 412. US 412 continues east, winding through forested land. Near Huntsville , the highway intersects another business route and Highway 23 before entering Carroll County . The highway has

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504-560: The US 412 study area, which is approximately 190 mi (310 km) long. Interstate 42 (I-42) was the proposed designation but was withdrawn. ArDOT and ODOT later resubmitted the application to the Spring 2024 meeting; AASHTO approved the route as Interstate 42, conditional on it being upgraded to Interstate standards . Columbia, Tennessee Columbia is a city in and the county seat of Maury County, Tennessee . The population

546-534: The United States. The NAACP and other organizations put pressure on President Harry S. Truman to take action to improve the situation. He appointed a President's Committee on Civil Rights, which issued its report in October 1947. In 1948 Truman directed integration of the Armed Services by Executive Order 9981, as a result of the report and his consultation with black leaders. Marshall was later appointed as

588-527: The area for defense. Four policemen who entered the area were wounded and retreated, increasing white rage. Worried that the small police force could not control the mob, the mayor called in the State Guard and the sheriff called in the state Highway Patrol that night. The Guard resisted Patrol requests to arm the white mob. In an uncoordinated effort, the Highway Patrol entered the district early

630-403: The average family size was 2.98. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males. The median income for a household in the city

672-493: The boxing team and refused to accept being hit. Stephenson had accompanied his mother to the repair store, which had mistakenly sold a radio which she had left for repair to John Calhoun Fleming, Billy's father. A white mob gathered during the altercation. The senior Fleming convinced the sheriff to charge both Stephensons with attempted murder. Rumors were rife that the Stephensons would be lynched . As whites gathered in

714-514: The chemical industry expanded in Columbia to support the war effort. By the 1940 census, the total city population was 10,579; more than 3,000 were African American. After the war, chemical plants were a site of labor unrest between white and Black workers, both in terms of competition for work and efforts to unionize. Veterans sought to re-enter the economy, and Black veterans resisted being pushed back into second-class status after having fought in

756-572: The city is at an elevation of 637 feet (194 m). The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Columbia has a humid subtropical climate . As of the 2020 United States census , there were 41,690 people, 15,070 households, and 9,855 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 33,055 people, 13,059 households, and 8,801 families residing in

798-671: The city limits. The route continues east across the St. Francis River , entering Missouri . U.S. 412 crosses the Missouri Bootheel , and runs concurrent with Interstate 155 east of Hayti to the Tennessee state line. Still concurrent with I-155, US 412 enters Tennessee from Missouri on the Caruthersville Bridge before meeting US 51 in Dyersburg . The interstate designation ends as 412 turns southeast toward Jackson on

840-560: The city. The Duck River is the longest river located entirely within the state of Tennessee . Free flowing for most of its length, the Duck River is home to over 50 species of freshwater mussels and 151 species of fish, making it the most biologically diverse river in North America. It enters the city of Manchester and meets its confluence with a major tributary, The Little Duck River , at Old Stone Fort State Park . The fort

882-429: The city. The population density was 1,116.8 inhabitants per square mile (431.2/km ). There were 14,322 housing units at an average density of 483.9 per square mile (186.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 64.63% White , 30.13% African American , 0.28% Native American , 0.41% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 2.06% from other races , and 1.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of

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924-720: The concurrency ends, US 412 runs due east to through downtown Walnut Ridge . US 412 runs near the Old Walnut Ridge Post Office , Missouri-Pacific Depot , and the Walnut Ridge Commercial Historic District , each on the National Register of Historic Places . Further east, the route intersects I-57 / US 67 at a full interchange before crossing the Cache River and entering Greene County . Historically,

966-429: The convictions would be overturned on appeal. The Stephensons were never tried, nor were four Whites charged with murder, nor were several blacks. Of two black men tried for murder, only Loyd Kennedy was convicted in his trial of 1947. The NAACP continued a publicity campaign about these events, which were also covered by national media. The case gained much attention on the issue of civil rights for African Americans in

1008-525: The first black United States Supreme Court justice. Columbia is located at 35°36′54″N 87°2′40″W  /  35.61500°N 87.04444°W  / 35.61500; -87.04444 (35.615022, −87.044464). It developed along the banks of the Duck River at the southern edge of the Nashville Basin ; the higher elevated ridges of the Highland Rim are located to the south and west of

1050-493: The highway crosses Lake Norfork , which at one time had to be crossed by ferry. Coinciding with the final trip of a Norfork Lake ferry at 8 a.m. Friday, October 14, 1983, the U.S. Highway 62 bridge across Lake Norfork was opened. Charles Gibson piloted the ferry on that trip, carrying three cars across the lake within the shadow of the bridge, which brought a 40-year era to an end. On May 20, 2021, Senator Jim Inhofe , Republican of Oklahoma, introduced legislation to designate

1092-514: The historic Tontitown School Building , and intersects Highway 112 before entering Springdale . US 412 crosses I-49 / US 62 / US 71 in Springdale, where the route is four-lane with a center left-turn lane. Now named Sunset Avenue , the route passes through developed parts of Springdale, including many restaurants, hotels, and businesses before turning south, forming a concurrency with US 71B . The concurrency ends and US 412 heads east past

1134-538: The jail to the sheriff's office. The State Guard was withdrawn on March 3. Twenty-five black men were eventually charged with attempted murder of the four policemen. Another six were charged with lesser crimes, as were four white men. The main attorney defending Stephenson and other men in the case was Thurgood Marshall of the NAACP . He worked with Z. Alexander Looby , who was based in Nashville but associated with

1176-525: The national legal team, and Maurice Weaver, a white civil rights lawyer from Chattanooga, Tennessee . Marshall asked for a change of venue, hoping to get the trial moved to Nashville or another major city. The judge agreed to move the trial only to nearby Lawrenceburg, Tennessee . Local residents there were unhappy to be involved in the controversial case. Marshall and his team achieved acquittal from an all-white jury for all but two men. The prosecution dropped their charges against these men, as they believed

1218-538: The new campus on March 15, 1967. On this visit, the President also visited the James K. Polk Home for a short time. On June 26, 1977, 42 people, including 34 inmates, died in a fire at the Maury County Jail. Rescue efforts were complicated by the fact that each cell required a separate key, and the dispatcher reportedly had difficulty locating the keys. The fire was reportedly intentionally started by

1260-415: The next morning before a planned time; they provoked more violence and destroyed numerous businesses. Eventually through the next day, they and the State Guard rounded up more than 100 blacks as suspects in the police shootings. No whites were charged at that point. Two black men were killed and a third wounded, in what the police said was an escape attempt while the Highway Patrol was trying to take them from

1302-408: The population. There were 13,059 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and

U.S. Route 412 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1344-709: The portion of US-412 between I-35 in Noble County, Oklahoma and I-49 in Springdale, Arkansas as a future Interstate. The bill, titled the "Future Interstate in Oklahoma and Arkansas Act" ( S. 1766 ), was cosponsored by senators John Boozman and Tom Cotton , both Republicans of Arkansas. The senators' stated reasons for seeking an Interstate designation along the US-412 corridor included encouraging economic development, expanding opportunities for employment in

1386-550: The region, making travel safer and shipping easier, attracting new businesses, and better connecting rural and urban communities. Other supporters of the measure include the mayor of Tulsa , G. T. Bynum , and the heads of both the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). In October 2023, officials from both states requested public feedback on

1428-594: The route passed over the water on the Cache River Bridge , but the 1934 Parker pony truss bridge was bypassed in 1995. The highway runs due east, intersecting Highway 228 , Highway 141 , and Highway 168 (which gives access to Crowley's Ridge State Park ) before Paragould . US 412 runs as Kings Hwy in Paragould, passing the Linwood Mausoleum , US 49B , Highway 69 , and Highway 135 in

1470-456: The square talking about the incident, blacks armed themselves and planned to defend their business district, which they referred to as "the Bottom". It started about one block south of the square. Later that evening whites drove around the area, shooting randomly into it; they referred to the neighborhood as "Mink Slide." Armed black men turned out some street lights and shot out others, patrolling

1512-740: The state at just under 100 miles (160 km). Besides Springer, the only other town Route 412 passes through is Clayton , where it merges with U.S. Route 64 . Just before entering Oklahoma , the highway touches the northwestern corner of Texas at a small road junction. Highway 412 runs across the Panhandle and northern part of the state passing through cities such as Boise City , Woodward , Enid , and Tulsa . Some major highway junctions include Interstate 35 in Noble County and several others in Tulsa such as I-44 , 244 , 444 , and U.S. Routes 75 and 169 . Two sections of this highway are tolled :

1554-540: The war. In the postwar period, Black veterans often became leaders in the growing campaign for civil rights during the 1950s and 1960s throughout the state. Today, the county is a heritage tourism destination, because of its numerous historic sites. Attractions include the President James K. Polk Home , the Columbia Athenaeum , Mule Day, and nearby plantation homes. For instance, Clifton Place

1596-488: Was $ 35,879, and the median income for a family was $ 42,822. Males had a median income of $ 34,898 versus $ 22,093 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,004. About 10.9% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over. The city is served by Maury County Public Schools . Private schools include Agathos Classical School, Zion Christian Academy and Columbia Academy . The city

1638-401: Was 41,690 as of the 2020 United States census . Columbia is included in the Nashville metropolitan area . The self-proclaimed " mule capital of the world," Columbia celebrates the city-designated Mule Day each April. Columbia and Maury County are acknowledged as the "Antebellum Homes Capital of Tennessee"; the county has more antebellum houses than any other county in the state. The city

1680-405: Was being held as a suspect when he was lynched, and was hanged from the courthouse. In 1933 Cordie Cheek , a black 17-year-old, was accused of raping a white girl. After a grand jury declined to indict him, he was abducted from Nashville by white men including law officials, and taken back to Columbia. There he was castrated and lynched by a white mob. During World War II phosphate mining and

1722-537: Was burned, along with most of Jackson, by Union troops during the American Civil War . Columbia had five documented lynchings in the 20th century. In 1924 a black man was shot and killed in the courthouse after his sentence was commuted, by the brother of his victim. In 1927 and 1933, young black men were lynched in Maury County for alleged assaults against white women; the first, Henry Choate ,

U.S. Route 412 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1764-571: Was named after an ancient Native American structure, between the two rivers, believed to be nearly 2,000 years old. The Duck River is sacred to most of the founding Native American tribes east of the Mississippi River . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 29.6 square miles (77 km ), of which 29.6 square miles (77 km ) is land and 0.03% is water. Incorporated in 1817,

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