Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship , and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping . The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship. Although tonnage (volume) should not be confused with displacement (the actual mass of the vessel), the long ton (or imperial ton) of 2,240 lb is derived from the fact that a " tun " of wine typically weighed that much.
31-591: USS Concord may refer to: USS Concord (1828) , a sloop-of-war launched in 1828, and lost when she ran aground on a sand bar off Mozambique USS Concord (PG-3) , a patrol gunboat in service from 1890 to 1909, and participated in the Battle of Manila Bay USS Concord (SP-773) , a tugboat purchased in 1917, renamed Mendota (YT-3) in 1920, then to Muscotah in 1932, and placed out of service in 1934 USS Concord (CL-10) ,
62-532: A light cruiser commissioned in 1923, a participant in World War II, and decommissioned in December 1945 USS Concord (AFS-5) , a combat stores ship commissioned in 1968, decommissioned and assigned to Military Sealift Command as USNS Concord (T-AFS-5), and out of service in 2009 See also [ edit ] HMS Concord [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with
93-525: A formula based on the vessel's length and beam. Historically in England , tunnage was the medieval import duty on tuns of wine. A tun was a large size of casks used for wine ), used in the wine trade. The number of tuns that a ship could carry was used as a measure of the size of the ship. The wine trade to England originated in France, which is where the tuns were made. A French standard tun cask size
124-809: A number of modifications from the former net register tonnage of the Moorsom System and was established by the International Commission of Constantinople in its Protocol of 18 December 1873. It is still in use, as amended by the Rules of Navigation of the Suez Canal Authority and is registered in the Suez Canal Tonnage Certificate. Thames measurement tonnage (TM) is another volumetric system, generally used for small vessels such as yachts ; it uses
155-580: A practice typical of vessels in a navy during peace time. Concord as designed was 127 feet long, but had a draft of 16 feet, resulting in an increase in displacement without an increase in length. The Concord was commissioned on 7 May 1830 with a crew of 190 men and placed under the command of Commodore Matthew C. Perry and saw service as part of the US squadron in the Mediterranean Sea from 22 April 1830 to 10 December 1832. Under Perry's command
186-482: A sloop of war, Concord was a three-masted ship of 700 tons and was a smaller vessel compared to frigates and ships of the line , which generally measured 1500 and 2200 tons respectively. The sloop type provoked dissatisfaction, due to the navy board's insistence that they be made to carry 24 guns, despite their dimensions making them better suited to carrying 20 guns. They were criticized for being slow, due in part to their full after body and often being overloaded,
217-540: A smaller size of standard barrel. This was the barrique bordelaise , measuring a quarter of the size of the tun (in English, this barrel was termed a hogshead ). For instance, Basque ships engaged in 16th century whaling in Labrador used this size of barrel (with the name barrica ). The French tonneau de mer was legally defined, in 1681, as the cubic space into which four barrique bordelaise fitted, with
248-407: A volume that, if filled with fresh water, would weigh around 2.83 tonnes . The definition and calculation of the internal volume is complex; for instance, a ship's hold may be assessed for bulk grain (accounting for all the air space in the hold) or for bales (omitting the spaces into which bulk, but not baled cargo, would spill). Gross register tonnage was replaced by gross tonnage in 1982 under
279-399: Is a function of the moulded volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. The Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) is based on net tonnage modified for Panama Canal purposes. PC/UMS is based on a mathematical formula to calculate a vessel's total volume; one PC/UMS net ton is equivalent to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m ) of capacity. The Suez Canal Net Tonnage (SCNT) is derived with
310-609: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles USS Concord (1828) USS Concord was a wooden-hulled, three-masted sloop-of-war of the United States Navy , launched on 24 September 1828 from the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine . She was the first US Navy vessel to bear the name 'Concord' and was so named after the town of Concord for its role at the beginning of
341-443: Is important, since a ship's registration fee, harbour dues, safety and manning rules, and the like may be based on its gross tonnage (GT) or net tonnage (NT). Gross tonnage (GT) is a function of the volume of all of a ship's enclosed spaces (from keel to funnel ) measured to the outside of the hull framing. The numerical value for a ship's GT is always smaller than the numerical values of gross register tonnage (GRT). Gross tonnage
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#1732772945287372-600: Is just over 40 cubic feet (1.1 m ). British practice by the 19th century was for a ton of cargo volume to be 50 cubic feet (1.4 m ). This is derived from an estimate of the hull space needed to fit the roughly cylindrical tun and is broadly consistent with the much earlier French definition given below. The Bordeaux tun was used as a measurement elsewhere in Europe. By the 16th century, multi-decked ships which were loaded through hatchways (as opposed to earlier undecked or single decked ships) found it more convenient to use
403-413: Is therefore a kind of capacity-derived index that is used to rank a ship for purposes of determining manning, safety, and other statutory requirements and is expressed simply as GT, which is a unitless entity, even though it derives from the volumetric capacity in cubic metres. Net tonnage (NT) is based on a calculation of the volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. It indicates a vessel's earning space and
434-599: The American Revolution . The vessel had a tonnage of 700. The Concord had a complement of 190 officers and seamen with an armament of 20 guns and saw service protecting American merchant ships and other interests in several places around the world. The ship and her crew, who also functioned as Marines , fought in the Seminole Wars in Florida. Concord ran aground while on a patrolling mission along
465-679: The Brazil station in 1842 protecting American commerce in the South Atlantic , and finally in the waters between Madagascar and Mozambique in 1842, protecting a fleet of American whaling ships. In late 1838 the Concord again returned to the waters off the western Florida coast to prevent agents working for the Spanish and British from smuggling gunpowder, shot and other supplies to the hostile Seminoles. On 2 November 1842, while under
496-566: The Concord was ordered to the western Florida coast at the beginning of the Second Seminole War to survey the rivers, inlets, and bars along that stretch of the Florida seaboard. Because of the extreme shortage of trained soldiers in the territory a Commodore Alexander J. Dallas agreed to provide crewmen from the Concord to assist in the fighting against the Seminole Indians . In January 1837 some 50 Sailors from
527-491: The Concord was used to transport the US envoy John Randolph of Roanoke, Virginia , to the Imperial Russian court at St. Petersburg in 1832. The ship's naval surgeon was William Turk of Whitehall, New York , who kept a log book detailing names of officers, crew illness and the various treatments administered, weather conditions, and accounts of local events at various ports along their journey. In 1835,
558-664: The Concord's crew under the command of Lieutenant Thomas J. Leib were sent north from Tampa to the newly completed Fort Foster at the Hillsborough River Bridge to relieve the troops of the garrison there so those Soldiers could search the surrounding swamps for the Seminoles who had been harassing the fort and other locations in the area. The Sailors along with the Artillerymen were successful in repelling hostile Seminoles when they attempted to burn
589-468: The Middle Ages , ships were often impressed by the crown for military use. To do this in an efficient and speedy manner, a measurement of size was needed. The payment to the owner of the requisitioned ship was based on the tonnage. Port dues and various licences were based on tonnage, and it was a useful measure for a ship builder who needed to build a vessel that met the new owner's requirements. In
620-478: The Tudor period a bounty per ton was paid for the construction of larger ships, so the threshold for that payment had to be determined, as well as the amount paid for those qualifying. In the middle ages, the normal way of discovering the tonnage of a ship was to load her with wine and see how many tuns could be fitted in. There is an instance of the owner of a new ship, in 1459, being challenged that his safe-conduct
651-543: The African coast. Despite determined efforts from the crew, with three losing their lives in the process, the Concord was unable to be refloated. It was the first ship christened by a woman. Sloop-of-war Concord , launched in 1828, was "christened by a young lady of Portsmouth." This is the first known instance of a woman sponsoring a United States Navy vessel. Unfortunately, the contemporary account does not name this pioneer female sponsor ( Ceremonial ship launching ). As
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#1732772945287682-628: The Concord. It was soon after this attack, about 180 Marines arrived from Fort Brooke to relieve the Naval garrison. The Sailors served there for three months with 20 Artillerymen before returning to the Concord where they set sail west to the Mexican coast to protect American shipping interests there. The Concord also saw service in the West Indies from 1836 to 1837 and again in 1838, and at
713-581: The Tonnage Measurement convention of 1969, with all ships measured in GRT either scrapped or re-measured in GT by 1994. Net register tonnage (NRT) is the volume of cargo the vessel can carry—that is, the gross register tonnage less the volume of spaces that do not hold cargo (e.g., engine compartment, helm station, and crew spaces, again with differences depending on which port or country does
744-515: The bridge. In February, from the cover of the forest treeline, the hostiles had been firing their muskets and rifles at the men in the fort for quite sometime. It came to a head when the Seminole became brave enough to make an attempt to set fire to the bridge. This attempt was met with canister shot from the cannons within the blockhouses and some highly aggressive musket fire from the Sailors of
775-419: The casks aligned two directly above the two below (so not optimising the layout). This redefined ton worked out as 42 cubic pieds de roi (1.44 cubic metres (51 cu ft). The difference between this measure and, for instance, the Spanish toneladas was calculated by recognised adjustment factors. Tonnage measurement was important for an increasing number of reasons through history. In England in
806-540: The command of Commander William Boerum, the Concord ran aground on a sandbar at the mouth of the Ligonha River in Mozambique . Three crew members died during unsuccessful attempts to re-float the ship. Among them was her captain, when they were swept away by strong currents while they were trying to make their way to shore crossing the sandbar. Boerum was replaced by Lieutenant J. M. Gardner, who decided that
837-519: The same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Concord&oldid=1048142664 " Categories : Set index articles on ships United States Navy ship names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
868-768: The situation was hopeless, and consequently the Concord was abandoned by the remainder of her crew. Gardner then chartered the Portuguese brig Unao to take the crew of the Concord to Rio de Janeiro . Among the officers who also served aboard the ship was Midshipman John Rodgers, son of the famous Commodore John Rodgers who served in the War of 1812 . Tonnage Tonnage measurements are governed by an IMO Convention (International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (London-Rules)), which initially applied to all ships built after July 1982, and to older ships from July 1994. A commonly defined measurement system
899-411: Was apparently paid without any measurement system to confirm the actual size. The presumption is that it was taken from the amount of cargo unloaded after the first voyage (which would be recorded in the customs records of the relevant port). Gross register tonnage (GRT) represents the total internal volume of a vessel, where one register ton is equal to a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83 m );
930-431: Was established about 1450. The 15th century Bordeaux wine tun was between 240 and 252 imperial gallons (1,090 and 1,150 L; 288 and 303 US gal). When measuring the tonnage of a ship, the approximately cylindrical cask would have air space around it when stowed in a ship. Therefore the volume of hold space required for several tuns was greater than the total of the capacity of those tuns. 252 imperial gallons
961-403: Was for a 400 ton vessel, whilst he had already loaded more than 600 tons. The excuse was accepted that he had no idea of her tonnage until she was loaded. In another case, in 1456, a dispute over the actual tonnage of a ship had to be resolved by having coopers part load her with (presumably empty) barrels to estimate what she could carry. The Tudor bounty paid for the construction of larger ship