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92-577: USS Wasp may refer to the following ships of the Continental and United States navies: USS  Wasp  (1775) was a merchant schooner purchased by the Continental Navy in late 1775 and destroyed in 1777 USS  Wasp  (1807) was a sloop constructed in 1806 and captured during the War of 1812 USS  Wasp  (1810)

184-531: A Committee of three be appointed to prepare an estimate of the expence, and lay the same before the Congress, and to contract with proper persons to fit out the vessel. Resolved , that another vessel be fitted out for the same purposes, and that the said committee report their opinion of a proper vessel, and also an estimate of the expence. Resolution of the Continental Congress that marked

276-704: A delaying action on the Delaware River against the British army pursuing George Washington 's forces. The ebb tide arrived and left the Delaware stranded, leading to her capture. Warren was blockaded in Providence, Rhode Island , shortly after her completion, and did not break out of the blockade until March 8, 1778. After a successful cruise under Captain John Burroughs Hopkins , she

368-403: A fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Charles Henri, comte d'Estaing assisted American forces attempting to recapture Savannah, Georgia . In 1780, a fleet with 6,000 troops commanded by Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste, comte de Rochambeau landed at Newport, Rhode Island; shortly afterward, the British blockaded the fleet. In early 1781, Washington and de Rochambeau planned an attack against

460-481: A land war with Britain. The Continental Navy had variable success in its goals of intercepting shipments of British matériel and disrupting British maritime commerce, meeting with success in only limited circumstances and ultimately having little impact on the outcome of the war. The fleet did, however, serve to highlight Continental resolve and bolster American morale, for example launching Captain John Barry into

552-612: A move which Captain Nicholas Biddle described: "away we all went helter, skelter, one flying here, another there." On Lake Champlain, Benedict Arnold ordered the construction of 12 war vessels to slow down the British fleet that was invading New York from Canada. The British fleet destroyed Arnold's fleet, but the US fleet managed to slow down the British after a two-day battle, known as the Battle of Valcour Island , and managed to slow

644-574: A plan to seize ships from the convoy in question. On June 12, 1775, the Rhode Island General Assembly , meeting at East Greenwich , passed a resolution creating a navy for the colony of Rhode Island. The same day, Governor Nicholas Cooke signed orders addressed to Captain Abraham Whipple , commander of the sloop Katy and commodore of the armed vessels employed by the government. The first formal movement for

736-609: A prosperous family of Newport, thus increasing his influence in Rhode Island. The marriage produced 9 children, including John Burroughs Hopkins (1742–1796), a participant in the Gaspee Affair , who later became a captain in the Continental Navy ; and Susannah Hopkins (1756–1850), who married Jonathan Maxcy , a Baptist minister and second president of the formerly Baptist-affiliated Brown University , which

828-585: A resolution to have a schooner remade into a war ship and named the Hopkins, although there are no records that indicate his resolution was fulfilled. Hopkins' little fleet was mostly blockaded in Narragansett Bay by the superior British sea power for the rest of Hopkins' tenure as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy, partly due to the fact that he had inadequate manpower to confront the enemy. A group of Hopkins' officers finally went directly to

920-541: A slave-trading vessel at the time, and the 15-month voyage would result in the death of 109 out of 196 slaves. In late 1765, Sally arrived at its first trading destination in the West Indies , but the surviving African captives were in such poor health that most sold for very little. Hopkins' disastrous command of Sally contributed to Moses Brown's turn against participation in the Atlantic slave trade . Hopkins

1012-404: A swift sailing vessel, to carry ten carriage guns, and a proportionable number of swivels, with eighty men, be fitted, with all possible despatch, for a cruise of three months, and that the commander be instructed to cruize eastward, for intercepting such transports as may be laden with warlike stores and other supplies for our enemies, and for such other purposes as the Congress shall direct. That

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1104-426: A thorough inventory of ship's stores, provisions and equipage and then the ongoing commander had to sign for it. Pursers were civilian officers in civilian clothes who had learned their job as supercargoes in the colonial merchant marines. There were very few pursers serving in the Continental Navy as it was more profitable for competent persons to take employment with the large number of privateers outfitted during

1196-723: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Continental Navy The Continental Navy was the navy of the Thirteen Colonies (later the United States ) during the American Revolutionary War . Founded on October 13, 1775, the fleet developed into a substantial force throughout the Revolutionary War, owing partially to the efforts of naval patrons within the Continental Congress. These congressional patrons included

1288-731: Is lead ship of the Wasp -class amphibious assault ships and was launched in 1989 and in active service [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with the same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Wasp&oldid=1212165710 " Categories : Set index articles on ships United States Navy ship names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

1380-717: The Esek Hopkins House , is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Three United States Navy vessels have been named USS  Hopkins in his honor, two destroyers and a patrol boat. A statue of Hopkins by Theo Alice Ruggles Kitson was dedicated in 1891 on the site of the former Hopkins family cemetery at Charles and Branch Street. In June 2020, the Providence School Board voted to remove Hopkins' name from Esek Hopkins Middle School , citing Hopkins' association with

1472-969: The USS Alliance was sold in 1785, the naval establishment of the United States ceased to exist without any formal decision. The original three members of the Naval Committee were Silas Deane , John Langdon and Christopher Gadsden . The additional four were Stephen Hopkins , Joseph Hewes , Richard Henry Lee and John Adams . The thirteen original members of the Marine Committee were Josiah Bartlett , N.H.; John Hancock , Mass.; Stephen Hopkins, R.I.; Silas Deane, Conn.; Francis Lewis , N.Y.; Stephen Crane , N.J.; Robert Morris, Pa.; George Read , Del.; Samuel Chase , Md.; Richard Henry Lee, Va.; Joseph Hewes, N.C.; Christopher Gadsden, S.C. and John Houstoun , Ga. Original members of

1564-867: The American Revolution. France officially entered the war on June 17, 1778. Still, the ships that the French sent to the Western Hemisphere spent most of the year in the West Indies and only sailed near the Thirteen Colonies during the Caribbean hurricane season from July until November. The first French fleet attempted landings in New York and Rhode Island, but ultimately failed to engage British forces during 1778. In 1779,

1656-517: The American cause and to distress the Enemy by all means in your power." Hopkins took command of eight small merchant ships that had been altered as men-of-war at Philadelphia . After much deliberation about taking on the overwhelming British forces listed in his orders, Hopkins utilized the last portion of his orders. He sailed south on February 17, 1776, for the first U.S. fleet operation that took

1748-521: The Bahamas and the escape of Glasgow was used by politically charged legislators against him. Even with the impassioned defense of John Adams, the Continental Congress voted on 2 January 1778 to relieve Hopkins of his command permanently. Nevertheless, the first action of Hopkins, in Nassau, which proved later to be an effective method for the Continental Navy to use against an overwhelming British Navy,

1840-451: The Board of Admiralty were Francis Lewis (from 1779) and William Ellery (from 1780), no third commissioner was ever appointed. Congressional members were James Forbes (1779–1780), William Ellery (1779–1780), James Madison (1780–1780), Daniel Huntington (1780–1780), Whitmill Hill (1780–1780), Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer (only congressional member 1781). Alexander McDougall refused

1932-589: The Board of Admiralty. The American commissioners in Paris filled the function of an overseas Navy Board They directed ships operations, commissioned officers, recruited crews, as well as purchasing, storing and distributing supply for the ships operating in European waters. When Benjamin Franklin became United States Minister to France , these tasks fell on him personally. He employed naval agents in both France and

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2024-560: The British in the Chesapeake Bay area to coordinate with the arrival of a large fleet under Vice Admiral François, comte de Grasse . Washington and de Rochambeau marched to Virginia after successfully deceiving the British that an attack was planned in New York, and de Grasse began landing forces near Yorktown, Virginia. On September 5, 1781, de Grasse and the British met in the Battle of the Virginia Capes , which ended with

2116-498: The British man of war Iris . Randolph took five prizes in her early cruises. On March 7, 1778, she was escorting a convoy of merchantmen when the British 64-gun ship HMS  Yarmouth bore down on the convoy. Randolph , under the command of Captain Nicholas Biddle came to the defense of the merchantmen and engaged the heavily superior foe. In the ensuing engagement, the two ships were both severely manhandled but in

2208-528: The British ships they conquered as their own. They therefore were able to pay their seamen and officers nearly twice the amount that the Continental Navy could pay their crews, since the items captured by Continental ships went for the good of the colonies. Even after the Congress built and outfitted several more ships for Commodore Hopkins to use, he could not find adequate personnel to man the ships. John Adams , Samuel Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Richard Henry Lee , Robert Treat Paine , and John Paul Jones came to

2300-501: The Caribbean also issued commissions; taking duplications into account more than 2,000 commissions were issued by the various authorities. Lloyd's of London estimated that 2,208 British ships were taken by Yankee privateers, amounting to almost $ 66 million, a significant sum at the time. Most of the eight frigates that went to sea took multiple prizes and had semi-successful cruises before their captures, however, there were exceptions. On September 27, 1777, Delaware participated in

2392-422: The Congress while at the same time leaving their ships without permission. Later it was determined that the allegations the officers took to Congress could not be substantiated— not in time, however, to squelch what was to happen. Pressure on the nature of Hopkins' character and ability became increasingly significant. Even though John Hancock had congratulated Hopkins at the time, Hopkins' decision to go to Nassau in

2484-461: The Congress. What happened next in the ensuing months was politically complex and controversial. The Continental Congress and individual state governors through their legislatures allowed privately owned ships to help in the battle against Britain by issuing letters of marque . There were virtually thousands of these ships, which overtook British ships, contributing to the war effort at sea. These privateer ships were allowed to claim any items found on

2576-611: The Continental Congress, Nov. 15, 1775. At the same time the pay table was adopted, Congress resolved how the rank of the Naval officers be to the rank of officers in the Land Forces: commodore as brigadier general, captain of a ship of 40 guns and upwards as colonel, captain of a ship of 20 to 40 guns as lieutenant colonel, captain of a ship of 10 to 20 guns as major, lieutenant in the Navy as captain. Esek Hopkins Esek Hopkins

2668-615: The Continental Congress, wrote Hopkins: "I beg leave to congratulate you on the success of your Expedition. Your account of the spirit and bravery shown by the men affords them [Congress] the greatest satisfaction..." Not only did Hopkins' expedition get needed war supplies for the Continental Army, but it showed the British Navy that they would have to divert their ships from the belligerent colonies to protect non-belligerent areas, thereby leaving fewer British ships to fight on

2760-541: The Continental Navy to three ships. When Robert Morris became Agent of Marine in 1781 he closed all navy offices except the Eastern Navy Board as they still had USS Alliance and USS Deane to outfit. He appointed Naval Agents in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia with the task of auditing and settling accounts. In June 1783 Joseph Pennell

2852-516: The Continental Navy, only 11 survived the war. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the Revolutionary War and, by 1785, Congress had disbanded the Continental Navy and sold the remaining ships. The frigate Alliance fired the final shots of the American Revolutionary War; it was also the last ship in the Navy. A faction within Congress wanted to keep her, but the new nation did not have the funds to keep her in service, and she

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2944-700: The Continental Navy. Most Continental agents were also in charge of the disposing of prizes . When established, the Navy Boards became purveyors and suppliers of ships stationed in Philadelphia and Boston, but the Continental agents continued in these roles in the other ports. The Boards gave orders to the Agents but they often bypassed the Boards and communicated directly with the Marine Committee and later

3036-424: The Continental expense a fleet of sufficient force, for the protection of these colonies, and for employing them in such a manner and places as will most effectively annoy our enemies...." The measure in the Continental Congress was met with much derision, especially on the part of Maryland delegate Samuel Chase who exclaimed it to be "the maddest idea in the world." John Adams later recalled, "The opposition...

3128-404: The French fleet in control of Chesapeake Bay. Protected from the sea by the French fleet, American and French forces surrounded, besieged, and forced the surrender of the British forces under Lord Cornwallis , effectively winning the war and leading to peace two years later. The Second Continental Congress created a Naval Committee of three members on Oct. 13, 1775. At the end of the month it

3220-698: The Navy Board of the Middle Department were John Nixon (resigned 1778), John Wharton (resigned 1778), and Francis Hopkinson (resigned 1778). New members were William Smith (1778–1778), James Searle (1778–1778), John Wharton (reappointed 1778–1781), James Read (1778 only member late in 1781), William Winder (1778–1781). Members of the Navy Board of the Eastern Department were James Warren (until 1782), William Vernon (until 1781) and John Deshon (until 1781). Commissioners of

3312-502: The Netherlands. After 1780, naval administration deteriorated; Agents were dismissed for not submitting accounts, neglecting their assignments and sometimes for outright corruption. Members of the Board of Admiralty, the Navy Boards and Agents surrendered their commissions disgusted with the existing administrative and financial chaos. The accounting system collapsed in 1781. Lack of funds for new ships and heavy ship's losses reduced

3404-698: The Revolutionary War. The Rhode Island resolution was reconsidered by the Continental Congress and was passed on December 13, 1775, authorizing the building of thirteen frigates within the next three months: five ships of 32 guns, five with 28 guns, and three with 24 guns. When it came to selecting commanders for ships, Congress tended to be split evenly between merit and patronage. Among those who were selected for political reasons were Esek Hopkins , Dudley Saltonstall , and Esek Hopkins' son John Burroughs Hopkins . However, Abraham Whipple , Nicholas Biddle , and John Paul Jones managed to be appointed with backgrounds in marine warfare. On December 22, 1775, Esek Hopkins

3496-428: The arrest of Richard Marven and Samuel Shaw , a pair of early whistle-blowers, due to their having reported his torture of British prisoners of war . Hopkins's subsequent institution of criminal libel proceedings against Marven and Shaw is single-handedly responsible for the resolution of Congress "That it is the duty of all persons in the service of the United States, all well as all other inhabitants thereof to give

3588-555: The blockade of Chesapeake Bay . On March 31, 1778, in another attempt, she ran aground near Hampton Roads , where her captain went ashore. Shortly after, HMS  Emerald and Conqueror appeared on the scene to accept her surrender. Guarding American commerce and raiding British commerce and supply were the principal duties of the Continental Navy. Privateers had some success, with 1,697 letters of marque being issued by Congress. Individual states, American agents in Europe and in

3680-405: The building of warships in their respective ports and purchased cannons, anchors and sails as well provisions and all other items needed on a ship of war. Doing this they relied on the tradesmen and merchants that had sustained the colonial merchant marines. Established ship chandlers , provision merchants , ship's agents and other members of the business community put their experience to use by

3772-548: The course of the action, the magazine of the Randolph exploded causing the destruction of the entire vessel and all but four of her crew. The falling debris from the explosion severely damaged the Yarmouth enough that she could no longer pursue the American ships. Raleigh , under the command of Captain John Barry , captured three prizes before being run aground in action on September 27, 1778. Her crew scuttled her, but she

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3864-479: The creation of a Continental navy came from Rhode Island because its merchants' widespread shipping activities had been severely harassed by British frigates. On August 26, 1775, Rhode Island General Assembly passed a resolution that there be a single Continental fleet funded by the Continental Congress . The resolution was introduced in the Continental Congress on October 3, 1775, but was tabled. In

3956-418: The defense of Hopkins. Nevertheless, on August 12, 1776, Congress censured Hopkins. Humiliation and an injured reputation followed. Many sources say it would have been better if Hopkins was relieved of his command after the censure, rather than resume his command with a disgraced reputation and a loss of respect from his officers. Yet shortly after this John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress, wrote

4048-520: The earliest information to Congress or any other proper authority of any misconduct, frauds or other misdemeanours committed by any persons in the service of these states, which may come to their knowledge." In spite of his Congressional dismissal, Hopkins was highly respected in Rhode Island and continued to serve the Rhode Island General Assembly through 1786, then retired to his farm where he died February 26, 1802. His home,

4140-550: The establishment of what is now the United States Navy. The United States Navy decided in 1971 to recognize October 13, 1775 as the date of its official establishment, the passage of the resolution of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia that created the Continental Navy. On this day, Congress authorized the purchase of two vessels to be armed for a cruise against British merchant ships; these ships became Andrew Doria and Cabot . The first ship in commission

4232-497: The expedition to retain control of the French ships, thereby often leaving and rejoining the effort when he felt that it was fortuitous. On September 23, 1779, Jones' squadron was off Flamborough Head when the British man-of-war HMS  Serapis and HM hired armed ship Countess of Scarborough bore down on the Franco-American force. The lone Continental frigate Bonhomme Richard engaged Serapis . The rigging of

4324-468: The fall of Charleston, South Carolina on May 12, 1780. The final frigate to meet her end of Continental service was Trumbull . Trumbull , which had not gone to sea until September 1779 under James Nicholson , had gained acclaim in bloody action against the Letter of Marque Watt . On August 28, 1781, she met HMS Iris and General Monk and engaged. In the action, Trumbull was forced to surrender to

4416-497: The first U.S. amphibious landing. Marines and sailors landed in "a bold stroke, worthy of an older and better trained service," capturing munitions desperately needed in the War of Independence. The little fleet returned to New London on April 8, 1776, having also made prizes of two British merchantmen and a six-gun schooner , while failing to capture but severely damaging HMS  Glasgow on April 6. John Hancock , President of

4508-512: The fleet to Providence in the Bahamas . He felt that it would be much more advantageous to seize a prize for the Continental Army than take a chance of destroying the Continental Navy in its infancy. He knew that the British port in Nassau would be poorly guarded and had friends there who would help his cause. The Raid of Nassau , an assault on the British colony there March 3, 1776 was also

4600-751: The former American naval vessels (the General Monk was the captured Rhode Island privateer General Washington , itself recaptured in April 1782 and placed in service with the Continental Navy). Before the Franco-American Alliance , the royalist French government attempted to maintain a state of respectful neutrality during the Revolutionary War. That being said, the nation maintained neutrality at face value, often openly harboring Continental vessels and supplying their needs. With

4692-413: The interval between voyages, he was engaged in Rhode Island politics, served as a deputy to the Rhode Island General Assembly , and rendered efficient support to his brother Stephen , who became governor in 1755. In September 1764, during his time as a privateer and merchant, Hopkins took command of the slave ship Sally , owned by Nicholas Brown and Company . Hopkins had no prior experience in operating

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4784-422: The lightly guarded western regions of Britain. Unfortunately for the ambitious Jones, the French pulled out of the agreement pertaining to an invasion force, but the French did manage to uphold the plan regarding his command of the naval squadron. Sailing in a clockwise fashion around Ireland and down the east coast of Britain, the squadron captured a number of merchantmen. French commander Landais decided early on in

4876-411: The likes of John Adams , who served as the chairman of the Naval Committee until 1776, when Commodore Esek Hopkins received instruction from the Continental Congress to assume command of the force. The initial force consisted of several converted merchantmen as a consequence of the lack of funds available for use by the navy, which was seen as of secondary importance by early American leaders amidst

4968-414: The limelight. Additionally, it provided needed experience for the first generation of American officers, who went on to command the early United States Navy . With the Continental Army's victory in the Revolutionary War, the navy was dissolved, with its few remaining ships and assets sold off. The final vessel, Alliance , was auctioned off in 1785 to a private bidder. The original intent was to intercept

5060-476: The long run. If true, it might well be said that this raid was the first tweaking of this English concern and a tweaking which may have set the tone for those later English decisions. As such, the Raid of Nassau was not just a minor tactical victory but a great strategic victory as well." Hopkins's commission was terminated by the Congress on January 2, 1778, for a variety of reasons, perhaps including for his part in

5152-472: The meantime, George Washington had begun to acquire ships, starting with the schooner Hannah which was chartered by Washington from merchant and Continental Army Lt. Colonel John Glover of Marblehead , Massachusetts. Hannah was commissioned and launched on September 5, 1775, under the command of Captain Nicholson Broughton from the port of Beverly, Massachusetts . Resolved , That

5244-683: The naval force of our enemies that you may find there. If you should be so fortunate as to execute this business successfully in Virginia you are then to proceed immediately to the southward and make yourself master of such forces as the enemy may have both in North and South Carolina...Notwithstanding these particular orders, which it is hoped you will be able to execute, if bad winds, or stormy weather, or any other unforeseen accident or disaster disenable you so to do, you are then to follow such courses as your best Judgment shall suggest to you as most useful to

5336-601: The offer of becoming Secretary of Marine as the Congress did not allow him to retain his rank in the army. Robert Morris was Agent of Marine from 1781 to 1784. When the Marine Committee was created in 1775 it appointed Continental agents in Portsmouth, New Hampshire , Boston , Providence, Rhode Island , New London, Connecticut , New York City , Philadelphia , Baltimore , Williamsburg, Virginia , Edenton , New Bern and Wilmington , North Carolina, and Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia . They administered

5428-422: The office of Secretary of Marine replacing the Board of Admiralty. No one was found willing and able to accept that office, so Congress instead created the officer of Agent of Marine Aug. 19, 1781 and on Sept. 7. 1781 made Robert Morris holder of that office while remaining Superintendent of Finance. When Morris resigned as superintendent of finance 1784, Congress did not appoint a successor as Marine Agent and when

5520-471: The officers to dress in what was available they would not always be dressed according to instructions. Besides, many naval officers did not really like the uniforms prescribed and a group of them met in Boston in 1777 and agreed on a new uniform. The dress selected looked very much like a Royal Navy uniform. The agreement contained the following particulars: Pay table in dollars per calendar month , adopted by

5612-767: The operation stationed at Warwick on the James River , the most important of the works, which produced much sail material from flax grown in his home county of Augusta , as there was no money available to buy linen cloth for sails. By December 13, 1775, Congress had authorized the construction of 13 new frigates , rather than refitting merchantmen to increase the fleet. Five ships ( Hancock , Raleigh , Randolph , Warren , and Washington ) were to be rated 32 guns, five ( Effingham , Montgomery , Providence , Trumbull , and Virginia ) 28 guns, and three ( Boston , Congress , and Delaware ) 24 guns. Only eight frigates made it to sea and their effectiveness

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5704-455: The opportunity for higher command. The French loaned Jones the merchantman Duc de Duras , which Jones refitted and renamed Bonhomme Richard as a more powerful replacement for the Ranger . In August 1779, Jones was given command of a squadron of vessels of both American and French ownership. The goal was not only to harass British commerce but also to prospectively land 1,500 French regulars in

5796-478: The overwhelming amount of damage that she had sustained. The action was an embarrassing defeat for the Royal Navy. The French also loaned the Continental Navy the use of the corvette Ariel . The one ship of the line built for service in the Continental Navy was the 74-gun America , but it was offered as a gift to France on September 3, 1782, in compensation for the loss of Le Magnifique in service to

5888-426: The presence of American diplomats Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane, the Continental Navy gained a permanent link to French affairs. Through Franklin and like-minded agents, Continental officers were afforded the ability to receive commissions and to survey and purchase prospective ships for military use. Early in the conflict, Captains Lambert Wickes and Gustavus Conyngham operated out of various French ports for

5980-550: The progression of the British Army. As the war progressed, states began directing more resources toward naval pursuits. During the inaugural session of the Virginia General Assembly , the senate began acquiring lands for naval manufacturing. Charles O. Paullin states that "no other state owned as much land, properties, and manufactories devoted to naval purposes as Virginia. Sampson Mathews oversaw

6072-502: The purpose of commerce raiding. The French did attempt to enforce their neutrality by seizing Dolphin and Surprise of the Continental Navy. However, with the commencement of the official alliance in 1778, ports were officially open to Continental ships. The most prominent Continental officer to operate out of France was Captain John Paul Jones. Jones had been preying upon British commerce aboard Ranger but only now saw

6164-488: The slave ship Sally. Hopkins adopted, and helped to popularize, the " Gadsden flag " that depicts a Timber rattlesnake with 13 rattles representing the 13 Colonies with the phrase "Don't Tread on Me" on a Yellow background. He adopted the banner as his personal flag and flew it from the mainmast of his flagship USS Alfred while he was aboard. Hopkins married Desire Burroughs (1724–1794) in November 1741. She belonged to

6256-426: The strength, supply situation and the state of each ship of war, and forwarding them to Congress. It was his duty to issue orders and instructions necessary for the good of the service and to develop a good leadership culture in the Navy. The captain of each ship was responsible for its administration; muster rolls and accounts of provisions and other stores were kept under his responsibility. Change of command required

6348-507: The supply of arms and provisions to British soldiers, who had placed Boston under martial law . George Washington had already informed Congress that he had assumed command of several ships for this purpose, and individual governments of various colonies had outfitted their own warships. The first formal movement for a navy came from Rhode Island , whose State Assembly passed a resolution on August 26, 1775, instructing its delegates to Congress to introduce legislation calling "for building at

6440-614: The two ships became entangled during the combat, and several guns of Jones' ship had been taken out of action. The captain of Serapis asked Jones if he had struck his colors , to which Jones has been quoted as replying, "I have not yet begun to fight!" Upon raking the Serapis , the crew of the Bonhomme Richard led by Jones boarded the British ship and captured her. Likewise, the French frigate Pallas captured Countess of Scarborough . Two days later, Bonhomme Richard sank from

6532-405: The use of the Continental Army . However, success was diluted with the appearance of disease spreading from ship to ship. On April 6, 1776, the squadron, with the addition of Fly (8), unsuccessfully encountered the 20-gun HMS  Glasgow in the first major sea battle of the Continental Navy. Hopkins failed to give any substantive orders other than to recall the fleet from the engagement,

6624-416: The utmost diligence to proceed with the said fleet to sea and if the winds and weather will possibly admit of it to proceed directly for Chesapeake Bay in Virginia and when nearly arrived there you will send forward a small swift sailing vessel to gain intelligence....If...you find that they are not greatly superior to your own you are immediately to enter the said bay, search out and attack, take or destroy all

6716-437: The verdicts of naval courts-martial , and build and purchase naval vessels. In September 1776 Congress created the Navy Board of the Middle Department with three members, not members of Congress, and seat in Philadelphia. In April 1777, the Navy Board of the Eastern Department was created for New England with seat in Boston. These boards were subordinate agencies under the Marine Committee and its successors. The Board of Admiralty

6808-406: The war front. John Paul Jones was a lieutenant at this time under Hopkins. Hopkins' decision to go to Nassau rather than pursue another part of his orders concerning Chesapeake Bay of Virginia and North and South Carolina, upset southern members of the Continental Congress, which added to the political, social, economic, religious, and philosophical differences already occurring between members of

6900-440: The war. The administrative functions aboard a Continental man of war was instead fulfilled by petty officers : captain's clerks and stewards . Ship's provisions were drawn from Continental Agents or Navy Boards, and transfers took place between ships and even with Continental Army units as necessity required. Of the approximately 65 vessels (new, converted, chartered, loaned, and captured) that served at one time or another with

6992-482: Was USS  Alfred which was purchased on November 4 and commissioned on December 3 by Captain Dudley Saltonstall . On November 10, 1775, the Continental Congress passed a resolution calling for two battalions of Marines to be raised for service with the fleet. John Adams drafted its first governing regulations, which were adopted by Congress on November 28, 1775, and remained in effect throughout

7084-515: Was a location of importance to the British both due to trade concerns and due to its pivotal role in naval conflicts with the English nemesis France. Paranoia over losing the West Indies would frequently deflect English interests and military assets away from the war in America. English preoccupation with this area would nearly cause her to abandon the war in 1778 and may well have cost her the war in

7176-497: Was a schooner built in 1810 and sold after 1814 USS  Wasp  (1813) was a sloop chartered in 1813 and returned to her owners in 1814 USS  Wasp  (1814) was a sloop-of-war constructed in 1813 and lost in a storm at sea in 1814. USS  Wasp  (1865) , originally the captured Confederate Emma Henry , renamed Wasp in June 1865 and found unfit for further service in 1876 USS  Wasp  (1893) ,

7268-842: Was appointed Commissioner for Settling the Accounts of the Marine Department with branch offices at Boston, New York City and Philadelphia. Morris resigned as Marine Agent in 1784 and the Commissioner was transferred to the Department of the Treasury in 1785. When late in 1775, Esek Hopkins was commissioned Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet of the United Colonies he was put in charge of receiving monthly reports of

7360-516: Was appointed a brigadier general to command all military forces of Rhode Island on October 4, 1775. He immediately began to strengthen Rhode Island 's defenses with the help of his deputy, William West . A few months later, December 22, 1775, Hopkins was appointed Commander in Chief of the Continental Navy authorized by the Continental Congress to protect American commerce. On January 5, 1776, Congress gave Hopkins his orders: "You are instructed with

7452-566: Was appointed the naval commander-in-chief , and officers of the navy were commissioned. Saltonstall, Biddle, Hopkins, and Whipple were commissioned as captains of the Alfred , Andrew Doria , Cabot , and Columbus , respectively. Hopkins led the first major naval action of the Continental Navy in early March 1776 with this small fleet, complemented by Providence (12), Wasp (8), and Hornet (10). The battle occurred at Nassau, Bahamas where stores of much-needed gunpowder were seized for

7544-472: Was assigned to the ill-fated Penobscot Expedition under Captain Dudley Saltonstall , where she was trapped by the British and burned on August 15, 1779, to prevent her capture. Hancock , captained by John Manley , managed to capture two merchantmen as well as the Royal Navy vessel HMS  Fox . Later on July 8, 1777, however, the Hancock was captured by HMS Rainbow of a pursuing squadron, and became

7636-472: Was auctioned off for $ 26,000. Factors leading to the dissolution of the Navy included a general lack of money, the loose confederation of the states, a change of goals from war to peace, and more domestic and fewer foreign interests. The Marine Committee issued a uniform instruction on Sept. 5, 1776, with the following specifications: No instructions were issued for the dress of petty officers and seamen. The paucity of fabric at this time made it necessary for

7728-686: Was born in Scituate , in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , into one of the most prominent families of what is today's Rhode Island . At the age of twenty he went to sea and rapidly came to the fore as a good sailor and skillful trader. Before the Revolutionary War he had sailed to nearly every quarter of the Earth, and commanded a privateer in the French and Indian War . In

7820-425: Was created Oct. 28, 1779 and contained two members of Congress and three other commissioners. Its mission was naval planning, the direction of ships and fleets, superintending the marine department, administering the supply of the navy and the settling of accounts. Dec. 8, Congress decided that the Board would take over all matters heretofore taken care of by the Marine Committee. Feb. 7, 1781, Congress decided to create

7912-488: Was expanded to seven members. By the end of January 1776 three members were not active and the remaining four were appointed members of the Marine Committee created already on Dec. 13, 1775, when Congress decided to build 13 warships. This committee had thirteen members, one from each of the United Colonies , and was authorized to direct the fleet and ships movements by order to naval officers, appoint officers, review

8004-520: Was limited; they were completely outmatched by the Royal Navy, and nearly all were captured or sunk by 1781. Washington , Effingham , Congress , and Montgomery were scuttled or burned in October and November 1777 before going to sea to prevent their capture by the British. USS  Virginia , commanded by Captain James Nicholson , made a number of unsuccessful attempts to break through

8096-490: Was politically used against him. Substantiating this, John Paul Jones, who had been a lieutenant directly under Hopkins, gained great respect while continuing this same type of naval warfare against the much larger Royal Navy. "Furthermore, and perhaps most importantly, the Raid on Nassau brought the war to the English in an area where they felt more strategically threatened than the American Colonies. The West Indies

8188-519: Was raised by the British who refloated her for further use in the name of the Crown. Boston , under the command of Captains Hector McNeill and Samuel Tucker , had captured 17 prizes in earlier cruises and had carried John Adams to France in February and March 1778. She was captured (along with the frigate Providence which had taken 14 prizes in her own service under Captain Abraham Whipple ) in

8280-712: Was the first steam yacht Columbia launched 1893 by William Cramp, acquired and commissioned in 1898 by the Navy and used as a training ship until sold in 1919 USS  Wasp  (SP-1159) , a steel-hulled motorboat , was leased by the U.S. Navy and performed patrol duties in 1917 USS  Wasp  (CV-7) , laid down in 1936, was an aircraft carrier that saw action in World War II until sunk by Japanese submarine  I-19 in September 1942 USS  Wasp  (CV-18) an aircraft carrier launched in 1943 and served until 1972 USS  Wasp  (LHD-1)

8372-607: Was then known as the College of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Hopkins was the brother of Rhode Island governor Stephen Hopkins , a signer of the Declaration of Independence and first Brown chancellor in conjunction with the tenure of president James Manning . Hopkins was buried in the North Burial Ground of Providence, Rhode Island. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from

8464-421: Was very loud and vehement. It was... represented as the most wild, visionary, mad project that had ever been imagined. It was an infant taking a mad bull by his horns." During this time, however, the issue arose of Quebec -bound British supply ships carrying desperately needed provisions that could otherwise benefit the Continental Army. The Continental Congress appointed Silas Deane and John Langdon to draft

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