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54-485: Stands of western hemlock , true fir , Douglas-fir and cedar transition to lower-elevation forests of mixed conifers and hardwoods. Timbered valleys of old-growth ponderosa and groves of oak separate mountains like the 9,182-foot (2,799 m) Mount Thielsen and the 8,363-foot (2,549 m) Mount Bailey . Notable geologic features include volcanic basalt and andesite monolithic spires with descriptive names like Eagle Rock, Rattlesnake Rock, and Old Man. Ancestors of

108-518: A 26-year-old gunman that had recently moved to the area from Southern California, who killed nine people (eight students and an assistant professor) and injured nine others. The gunman, a student at the school, committed suicide following a gun battle with police. This was the second school shooting in the Roseburg area, the other being a 2006 shooting at Roseburg High School . On October 9, President Barack Obama privately visited families of victims of

162-511: A dining room and kitchen. Originally, guests could use the floor of the front room to spread their beds or were able to sleep out of doors under nearby oak trees. His first structure served as a roadside inn and tavern for many years. Rose built a proper hotel in 1853. He died in 1899. Roseburg was first known as Deer Creek because it was at the confluence of Deer Creek and the South Umpqua River . In 1854, voters chose Roseburg as

216-870: A finely serrated margin and a bluntly acute apex. They are mid to dark green above; the underside has two distinctive white bands of stomata with only a narrow green midrib between the bands. They are arranged spirally on the shoots but are twisted at the base to lie in two ranks on either side of the shoot. The cones appear on trees over about 25 years old; they are small, pendulous, slenderly cylindrical, 14–30 mm ( 9 ⁄ 16 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 16  in) long and 7–8 mm ( 9 ⁄ 32 – 5 ⁄ 16  in) broad when closed, opening to 18–25 mm ( 23 ⁄ 32 – 31 ⁄ 32  in) broad. They have 15–25 thin, flexible scales 7–13 mm ( 9 ⁄ 32 – 1 ⁄ 2  in) long. The immature cones are green, maturing gray-brown 5–7 months after pollination. They are usually plentiful enough to cover

270-473: A homestead within the current city limits on September 23, 1851. Rose was born in 1813 in Ulster County, New York . In 1851, he came to Oregon from Coldwater, Michigan , where he had lived since 1837. Rose constructed the first building in what would become Roseburg, a rough structure made of poles and clapboards with a front room about 16 or 18 feet square; it was used as a grocery store, backed by

324-633: A month is 23.4 inches (59 cm) in January 1950. As of the census of 2010, there were 21,181 people, 9,081 households, and 5,177 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,116.0 inhabitants per square mile (817.0/km ). There were 9,732 housing units at an average density of 972.2 per square mile (375.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91% White , 0.5% African American , 1.7% Native American , 1.6% Asian , 0.3% Pacific Islander , 1.4% from other races , and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of

378-515: A town for you! You talk about rough... You know a lot of places in the country claim Paul Bunyon lived there. But you should have seen Roseburg when me and my daddy come there. Every one of them loggers looked like Paul Bunyon to me.” On August 7, 1959, at approximately 1:00 a.m., the Gerretsen Building Supply Company caught fire. Firefighters soon arrived at the building, near Oak and Pine Streets, to extinguish

432-662: Is a 19,100-acre (77 km) wilderness area located 50 miles (80 km) east of Roseburg . One popular area in Boulder Creek is Pine Bench. A flat area overlooking Boulder Creek, Pine Bench is home to a grove of majestic old growth ponderosa pines . In 1996 the Spring Fire burned 16,500 acres (67 km) in the Boulder Creek Wilderness. The Rogue-Umpqua Divide is a 33,000-acre (130 km) wilderness area, 26,350 acres (106.6 km) of which

486-416: Is a large evergreen conifer growing to 50–70 metres (165–230 feet) tall, exceptionally 83 m (273 ft), and with a trunk diameter of up to 2.7 m (9 ft). It is the largest species of hemlock , with the next largest ( mountain hemlock ) reaching a maximum height of 59 m (194 ft). The bark is brown, thin, and furrowed (outwardly appearing similar to that of Douglas-fir). The crown

540-598: Is a very neat broad conic shape in young trees with a strongly drooping lead shoot, becoming cylindrical in older trees, which may have no branches in the lowest 30–40 m (100–130 ft). At all ages, it is readily distinguished by the pendulous branchlet tips. The shoots are very pale buff-brown, almost white, with pale pubescence about 1 millimetre ( 1 ⁄ 32  in) long. The leaves are needle-like, 5–23 mm ( 3 ⁄ 16 – 29 ⁄ 32  in) long and 1.5–2 mm ( 1 ⁄ 16 – 3 ⁄ 32  in) broad, strongly flattened in cross-section, with

594-475: Is capable of associating with wood-decay fungi in addition to soil fungi; this enables its seedlings to survive on rotting stumps and logs. Older forests are damaged by rot-causing fungi, dwarf mistletoe , and leaf -consuming insects such as Acleris gloverana and Lambdina fiscellaria . The bark has long served as a source of tannin for tanning leather . Western hemlock is cultivated as an ornamental tree in gardens in its native habitats and along

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648-567: Is closely associated with temperate rainforests , and most of its range is less than 100 kilometres (62 miles) from the Pacific Ocean . Valleys it can be found in usually receive at least 80 cm (31 in) of rain annually. It mostly grows at low altitudes, from sea level to 600 m (2,000 ft). In western Washington , it can be found up to elevations of 1,070 m (3,510 ft). The species can also be found in humid areas of mountains further inland, where western white pine

702-583: Is in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park , California (United States). The species is long-lived, especially at higher elevations, with trees over 1,200 years old known. T. heterophylla is an integral component of Pacific Northwest forests west of the Coast Ranges , where it is a climax species . It is also an important timber tree throughout the region, along with many of its large coniferous associates. The species

756-740: Is inside the National Forest. (About 17% of it lies within Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest.) Located 80 miles (130 km) east of Roseburg , the Rogue-Umpqua Divide ranges in elevation from 3,200 to 6,878 feet (2,096 m) and separates the drainages of the Rogue and Umpqua rivers. The wilderness includes sub-alpine meadows and old-growth forests. Mount Thielsen is a 55,100-acre (223 km) wilderness area, 21,593 acres (87.38 km) of which

810-405: Is land and 0.19 square miles (0.49 km ) is water. Roseburg's elevation is approximately 500 feet (150 m). Its highest point is Mount Nebo, a 1,200-foot (370 m) hill to the west of Interstate 5. Through the 1980s, it was known for its band of 10-20 feral angora goats . Residents said they could predict the weather by watching where the goats were on the mountain; if they were high,

864-510: Is located inside the National Forest. (The rest lies in either Winema National Forest or Deschutes National Forest .) Located 80 miles (130 km) east of Roseburg , this wilderness area is the largest in the Umpqua. The 9,182-foot (2,799 m) Mt. Thielsen was born of the same volcanic activity that created Crater Lake and some trails pass over deep pumice that was deposited when Mt. Mazama erupted. The Pacific Crest Trail passes through

918-434: Is matched or exceeded in shade tolerance only by Pacific yew and Pacific silver fir . Young plants typically grow up under the canopy of other conifers such as Sitka spruce or Douglas-fir , where they can persist for decades waiting to exploit a gap in the canopy. They eventually replace these conifers, which are relatively shade-intolerant, in climax forest. However, storms and wildfires will create larger openings in

972-606: Is normally dominant. For example, in the Columbia Mountains in and around southeastern British Columbia and northern Idaho , it grows up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft), particularly on north-facing slopes. In the interior part of its range in Idaho, it can be found up to 1,800 m (5,900 ft). Western hemlock is a very shade-tolerant tree; among associated species in the Pacific Northwest, it

1026-484: Is the state tree of Washington. Roseburg, Oregon Roseburg is the most populous city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Oregon . It is located in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon . Founded in 1851, the population was 23,683 at the 2020 census , making it the principal city of the Roseburg, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community developed along both sides of

1080-632: The Roseburg School District . Umpqua Community College is the city's two-year college. The unemployment rate in Roseburg is about 6.9 percent. During the Great Recession of 2009 , the unemployment rate peaked at 16.5% before falling. In 2012, the largest employer in the town was Roseburg Forest Products and Mercy Medical Center was the second largest. In 2018, the City of Roseburg opened its own library. Previously,

1134-486: The Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . It can also be found in large gardens in northwest Europe and southern New Zealand. When planted on the banks of a river, western hemlock can help reduce erosion. Outside of its natural range, the tree is of importance in forestry . Until the early 1920s, the tree was largely ignored for use as lumber due to its presumed similarity to

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1188-546: The South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5 . Traditionally a lumber industry town, Roseburg was the original home of Roseburg Forest Products , which is now based in nearby Springfield . Waterfalls near Roseburg include Susan Creek Falls and Fall Creek Falls . Roseburg's primary industries include timber and tourism, and the region is home to many vineyards and more than 30 wineries. The Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife lists more than 50 areas for fishing for salmon, steelhead, bass, bluegill and trout in

1242-540: The Umpqua , Southern Molala , Yoncalla , and Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians lived here before Mount Mazama erupted forming Crater Lake nearly 7,000 years ago. The Indians were moved to reservations in 1856. As Europeans bought reservation lands, the tribes further fragmented to become farmers and ranchers in the Umpqua Valley. Two translations of the word "umpqua" are "thundering waters" and "across

1296-568: The county seat over rival town Winchester . Rose donated 3 acres (1.2 ha) of land and $ 1,000 for the building of the county courthouse, and the important buildings of Winchester were moved to Roseburg before 1860. Deer Creek post office was established in 1852, and the name changed to "Roseburgh" in 1857. The spelling was changed to "Roseburg" in 1894. Roseburg was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on October 3, 1872. The fortunes of Roseburg grew with

1350-488: The 1930s. The Umpqua National Forest is home to more than 250 wildlife species. Large mammals such as elk , deer , black bear , and cougar , as well as the smaller residents, squirrels , fox , raccoons , and bats are supported by the diverse forest habitats. Raptors such as owls , eagles , osprey , and even peregrine falcons can occasionally be seen in the forest. Coho and Chinook salmon and steelhead, rainbow, brown and cutthroat trout swim, feed and spawn in

1404-858: The Oregon Omnibus Wild and Scenic Rivers Act designated a portion of the North Umpqua River as Wild and Scenic . Twenty-six miles of the river run through the forest. The Rogue-Umpqua National Scenic Byway extends 172 miles (277 km) through the Rogue River–Siskiyou and Umpqua national forests, as well as the Medford and Roseburg districts of the Bureau of Land Management and private lands. The Umpqua National Forest contains three wilderness areas: Boulder Creek, Rogue-Umpqua Divide, and Mount Thielsen . Boulder Creek

1458-691: The Roseburg area. Modern-day Roseburg is located on the lands of numerous Indian tribes, including the Cow Creek Band of the Umpqua Tribe , whose Cow Creek Umpqua Indian Foundation is located in Roseburg. Roseburg was the site of the 1855 Battle of Hungry Hill , part of the Rogue River Wars of 1855–56, fought between several southern Oregon Indian groups and the US Army. The city was named for settler Aaron Rose , who established

1512-616: The South Umpqua River on parcels affected by the disaster. Since the incident, it is commonly referred to as the Roseburg Blast or simply "The Blast". In 2005, SOPTV produced a documentary examining the Blast and the experiences of those who were involved or witnessed it, entitled The Roseburg Blast: A Catastrophe and Its Heroes . On October 1, 2015, students at Umpqua Community College near Roseburg were attacked by

1566-421: The U.S. Pacific Coast, where its best reliability is seen in wetter regions. In relatively dry areas, as at Victoria, British Columbia , it is exacting about soil conditions. It needs a high level of organic matter (well-rotted wood from an old log or stump is best; animal manures may have too much nitrogen and salt ), in a moist, acidic soil. It is also cultivated in temperate regions worldwide. It has gained

1620-511: The area has little or no precipitation and plentiful sunshine — on average, 73.5 percent of days in July, August and September are at least partly sunny. There is also a much higher degree of diurnal temperature variation than in the winter. On the other hand, the majority of winter days are overcast and rainy — during this period, rainfalls of 8 inches (200 mm) per month are not uncommon, with as much as 15.74 inches (399.8 mm) during

1674-403: The average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males. The median income for a household in the city

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1728-401: The blast. A total of fourteen people died in the blast and fire, and 125 were injured. Damage was estimated at 10 to 12 million dollars; the powder company was eventually made to pay $ 1.2 million in civil damages, but was acquitted of criminal wrongdoing. Roseburg's downtown was rebuilt, primarily by businesses using money collected from insurance claims. The city built a new bridge over

1782-565: The city's library had been part of the Douglas County Library System but was closed when county libraries lost public funding. There are three newspapers serving Roseburg. The News-Review is published five days per week and is based in Roseburg. The Roseburg Beacon is published weekly and serves Roseburg. The Douglas County News is published weekly and is based in the nearby town of Sutherlin. AM FM Oregon Route 99 runs through downtown Roseburg as

1836-408: The city. The population density was 2,171.1 inhabitants per square mile (838.3/km ). There were 8,838 housing units at an average density of 958.6 per square mile (370.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.56% White, 0.3% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.26% from other races, and 2.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.73% of

1890-530: The fire. Earlier in the evening, a truck driver for the Pacific Powder Company, George Rutherford, had parked his explosives truck in front of the building, which was not noticed. The truck exploded at around 1:14 a.m., destroying buildings in an eight-block radius and severely damaging 30 more blocks. The truck was loaded with two tons of dynamite and four-and-a-half tons of the blasting agent nitro carbo nitrate . Rutherford had parked

1944-529: The forest where these other species can then regenerate. Its thin bark and shallow roots makes it susceptible to fire. At higher elevations, the species can be found mingling with T. mertensiana (mountain hemlock), seeming to take on some of its characteristics although there is no hard evidence of hybridization. Western hemlock forms ectomycorrhizal associations with some well-known edible fungi such as chanterelles ( Cantharellus formosus , C. subalbidus , and Craterellus tubaeformis ). It

1998-792: The ground beneath the tree. The abundant seeds are brown, 2–3 mm ( 3 ⁄ 32 – 1 ⁄ 8  in) long, with a slender, pale-brown wing measuring 7–9 mm ( 9 ⁄ 32 – 11 ⁄ 32  in) long. Initial growth is slow; one-year-old seedlings are commonly only 3–5 centimetres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 –2 in) tall, and two-year-old seedlings 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tall. Once established, saplings in full light may have an average growth rate of 50–120 cm (20–47 in) (rarely 140 cm, 55 in) annually until they are 20–30 m (65–100 ft) tall, and in good conditions still 30–40 cm (12–16 in) annually when 40–50 m (130–165 ft) tall. The tallest specimen, 82.83 m (271 ft 9 in) tall,

2052-583: The lumber industry. In 1937, Roseburg Lumber opened. Founded by Kenneth Ford, the company became the major employer in the community. Other major employers, including Weyerhaeuser, Champion and Sun Studs also developed and grew during this time. By the 1970s Roseburg branded itself as the Timber Capital of the Nation. Country singer Johnny Cash mythologized Roseburg loggers in the 1960 song "Lumberjack”: "Ride this train to Roseburg, Oregon. Now there's

2106-433: The main north–south arterial. Interstate 5 runs along the west side of the city, across the South Umpqua River from downtown. Oregon Route 138 runs northwest from Roseburg to Elkton, Oregon , and generally east from Roseburg to its terminus at a junction with U.S. Route 97 , just east of Diamond Lake and Crater Lake . Roseburg and surrounding communities are regionally served by U-Trans (formerly Umpqua Transit),

2160-479: The middle of the wilderness area. Tsuga heterophylla Tsuga heterophylla , the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce , is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula , Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California . The Latin species name means 'variable leaves'. Western hemlock

2214-569: The poor-quality eastern hemlock . Since then, it has been greatly utilized for timber (as a softwood ) and paper production; it is used for making doors, joinery, and furniture. Its fiber is used to make rayon and various plastics. It has naturalised in some parts of Great Britain and New Zealand—not so extensively as to be considered an invasive species , but as an introduced one . The edible cambium can be collected by scraping slabs of removed bark. The resulting shavings can be eaten immediately, or can be dried and pressed into bread, as

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2268-407: The population. There were 8,237 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and

2322-442: The population. There were 9,081 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.0% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2376-439: The record wet month of December 1955. Roseburg averages 30.7 inches (779.8 mm) of rain per year, more than half of which falls between November and January. The wettest "rain year" has been from July 1955 to June 1956 with 50.29 inches (1,277.4 mm) and the driest from July 2000 to June 2001 with only 18.43 inches (468.1 mm). Light dustings of snow can sometimes be seen, but accumulations are rare. The most snowfall in

2430-512: The rivers and streams of the forest. A 1993 Forest Service study estimated that the extent of old growth in the forest was 535,300 acres (216,600 ha), 82,200 acres (33,300 ha) of which were mountain hemlock ( Tsuga mertensiana ) forests. Recreational activities in the forest include camping, fishing, hiking, horseback riding, hunting, mountain biking, rock climbing, and boating. Winter activities include both Nordic and downhill skiing, as well as snowshoeing and snowmobiling. In 1988,

2484-515: The shooting. Hundreds of local residents protested the visit due to Obama's support of gun control legislation. In 1968, Bobby Kennedy had given a speech in Roseburg advocating for gun control for the mentally ill and for those with a "long criminal record" of murder. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 10.20 square miles (26.42 km ), of which 10.01 square miles (25.93 km )

2538-519: The spring spawn in southeast Alaska. The boughs provide an easily collectible surface for the eggs to attach to as well as providing a distinctive taste. This practice originates from traditional gathering methods used by Native Alaskans from southeast Alaska, specifically the Tlingit people . Tender new-growth needles can be chewed directly or made into a bitter tea, rich in vitamin C (similar to some other hemlock and pine species). Western hemlock

2592-409: The temperature reaches or exceeds 90 °F or 32.2 °C, and 2.7 days with a temperature of at least 100 °F or 37.8 °C. Conversely, the temperature drops to 32 °F (0 °C) or below 27.6 days a year. The record high temperature is 114 °F (45.6 °C), set on June 27, 2021, and the record low temperature is −1 °F (−18.3 °C), set on January 22, 1962. In the summer,

2646-523: The truck after arranging his delivery for the following morning, despite warnings given to the Pacific Powder Company two days earlier not to leave such trucks unattended or park them in "congested areas". A police officer named Donald De Sues and the Chief of Police were on site and managed to evacuate citizens from the area of the truck before the explosion. Donald De Sues and the town Assistant Fire Chief were recognized as heroes that day and were both killed in

2700-558: The waters". The Umpqua National Forest was created by the United States Congress on July 2, 1907. The Forest Service staff soon began building trails, constructing bridges, fighting fires, monitoring grazing, and erecting lookouts. Logging and mining began in 1925. The Civilian Conservation Corps was active in the Umpqua National Forest by building roads, bridges and recreation facilities in

2754-407: The weather would be good. If rain was pending, the goats moved to lower levels. Because the goats wandered across the freeway for grazing, they were a risk to traffic. In the 1980s, they were rounded up and placed for adoption. Roseburg has a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb borderline with Csa ) with cool, rainy winters and very warm, dry summers. In a typical year, there are 30.9 days where

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2808-399: Was $ 31,250, and the median income for a family was $ 40,172. Males had a median income of $ 32,624 versus $ 25,707 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,082. About 11.0% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. Primary and secondary public education in Roseburg are provided by

2862-437: Was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 19.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 20,017 people, 8,237 households, and 5,098 families residing in

2916-415: Was done by the natives of Southeast Alaska . The inner bark was eaten by some Native American tribes as an emergency food, and the bark was cooked to make medicinal extracts for tuberculosis , rheumatic fever , and hemorrhage . The bark could also be boiled to make dark red dyes to make fishing nets and lines less visible to fish. Western hemlocks have been submerged to collect herring eggs during

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