Hietzing ( German pronunciation: [ˈhɪtsɪŋ] ) is the 13th municipal District of Vienna ( German : 13. Bezirk, Hietzing ). It is located west of the central districts, west of Meidling . Hietzing is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings, but also contains large areas of the Vienna Woods , along with Schönbrunn Palace .
99-682: The thirteenth district is located at the western end of the city where it borders the Wienerwald . Liesing is to the south, Meidling to the east and Penzing , which was part of Hietzing until 1954, and Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus , to the north. Most of the northern border is formed by the River Wien . Traditionally, it is subdivided into six parts: Hietzing (northeast), Unter Sankt Veit (northwest), Ober Sankt Veit (west of Unter Sankt Veit), Hacking (northwest of Ober Sankt Veit), Lainz (geographic centre) and Speising (south). Furthermore,
198-487: A 1/4 desertion of the Ottoman army ) and disease diminished the Ottoman army on a large scale. According to Ottoman sources, the number of soldiers decreased from 120,000 (according to Kunitz, the Ottoman army totalled 180,000 men and 1/3 of the army was stationed away from the siege ) to a warweary 40,000 soldiers. K. Şakul combines Kunitz's 90,000 combatant information for 12 August with an Ottoman casualties list, estimating
297-684: A detachment of 120 hussars engaged in a probing charge, successfully proving Ottoman vulnerability to attack but taking many casualties. During this action they would begin to approach the Türkenschanze, which was now threatened by three separate forces (the Poles from the west, the Saxons and Bavarians from the northwest and the Austrians from the north). At this point, the Ottoman vizier decided to leave this position and retreat to his headquarters in
396-552: A few more years as a Dampftramway. The city of Vienna under Mayor Karl Lueger (term 1902–1904), in the district-section Lainz, allowed construction of 31 buildings collected as a "care home", later as a retirement home, then as a nursing home, and currently known as the Geriatriezentrum Am Wienerwald (Geriatric Center at the Vienna Woods). The Rothschild Foundation opened a hospital in 1912 in
495-484: A large engagement started on the other side of the battlefield as the Polish infantry advanced on the Ottoman right flank. Despite the arrival of the relief army, several Ottoman forces persisted in their attempts to breach the city's defenses, allowing Polish troops to advance on the field. By 4:00 pm the Poles had captured the village of Gersthof , which would serve as a base for their cavalry charge. The Ottoman army
594-458: A letter to his wife a few days after the battle: Ours are treasures unheard of ... tents, sheep, cattle and no small number of camels ... it is a victory as nobody ever knew before, the enemy now completely ruined, everything lost for them. They must run for their sheer lives ... General Starhemberg hugged and kissed me and called me his saviour. Starhemberg immediately ordered the repair of Vienna's severely damaged fortifications to guard against
693-603: A significant military contingent from the Ottomans, who recognized Thököly as King of " Upper Hungary " (the eastern part of modern-day Slovakia and parts of northeastern Hungary , which he had earlier taken by force from the Habsburgs). This support included explicitly promising the "Kingdom of Vienna" to the Hungarians if it fell into Ottoman hands. Yet before the siege, a state of peace had existed for 20 years between
792-429: A similar choice but were killed anyway. Siege operations started on 17 July. The Viennese had demolished many of the houses around the city walls and cleared the debris, leaving an empty plain that would expose the Ottomans to defensive fire if they tried to rush into the city. In response to this Kara Mustafa Pasha would order his forces to dig long lines of trenches directly toward the city, to help protect them from
891-705: A small proportion of green space territories. Waters in Hietzing take in an area of 0.8% (Wienerwald streams in Lainzer Tiergarten). The proportion of traffic areas in the district region is, with 6.0%, the lowest value in Vienna. The name "Hietzing" derives itself from "Hiezo" or "Hezzo" (short form of "Heinrich"). The first authentic mention comes from the year 1130. Since 1253 the Klosterneuburg Abbey appeared. The oldest properties were in
990-514: A song). Two still very well known Hietzinger residents in the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph were: Johann Strauss II , the "Waltz King" and Katharina Schratt , the confidante of the Emperor. Even the emperor himself, in his last years, lived year-round in Schoenbrunn, and thus in the district and died here in 1916. Of famous painters, Egon Schiele died in the 13th District, in 1918. In
1089-478: A three-month campaign would have taken the Ottomans to Vienna just as winter set in. But the 15-month gap between mobilization and the launch of a full-scale invasion provided ample time for Vienna to prepare its defense and for Leopold to assemble troops from the Holy Roman Empire and form an alliance with Poland, Venice and Pope Innocent XI . The defensive alliance of the Holy Roman Empire with Poland
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#17327835153591188-492: A tree: just at the tree where the statue was hidden. The four unfortunates had since begun to pray to the Mother of God, when their chains fell and a voice from the tree uttered the words: "Hiatz eng!" (Hütet Euch! or "Beware!"). In gratitude for the salvation of the four men, then the place was named after these cautionary words of the Mother of God; the passage of time had changed the name to "Hietzing". Schönbrunn Castle haused
1287-460: Is compared to one for a Viennese township as a very low proportion of farmland (4.3% of the area to be developed). Greenspace in Hietzing takes in a share of 71.7%. This is the highest value in Vienna, where the largest area of Lainzer Tiergarten is included. Nearly 73.4% of green space is accounted for by forest, 15.5% more green space are the meadows, parks 6.3%, and 2.5% in small gardens. Agricultural land (1.5%) and leisure areas (10.8%), are only
1386-536: Is in the latter region. The Vienna Woods was the royal hunting grounds from the 11th century until 1850. Under the influence of the Avars , a Slavic population settled here after the Völkerwanderung , which may account for village names such as Döbling , Liesing or Gablitz . From the 16th century onwards forestry was practised. Industrial development beginning circa 1840 encouraged increased settlement of
1485-733: Is noted for including the largest known cavalry charge in history. Capturing the city of Vienna had long been a strategic aspiration of the Ottoman Empire, due to the control the city had over the Danube and the overland trade routes to Germany and the Eastern Mediterranean. During the years preceding the siege, the Ottoman Empire, under the auspices of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha , undertook extensive logistical preparations, including
1584-731: The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (the march of the Lithuanian army was delayed, and they reached Vienna after it had been relieved). The Viennese garrison was led by Feldzeugmeister of the Holy Roman Imperial Army Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg , an Austrian subject of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. The overall command was held by the senior leader, the King of Poland , John III Sobieski, who led
1683-764: The Danube and some tectonic lines near Vienna. The northern area is part of the Alps' sandstone zone, while its south is part of the Northern Limestone Alps . In the east, the border is the thermal line , which forms a geological break line to the Viennese Basin . Beeches , oaks and hornbeams grow throughout the north of the Wienerwald forest; in the south are conifers , mostly pines and firs . The Föhrenberge (Pine Mountains) natural park
1782-643: The Industrieviertel , two of the four quarters of Lower Austria. Reaching into the city of Vienna itself, they are a favourite outdoor destination for the densely populated area around the city. The highest elevation in the Vienna Woods is Schöpfl at 893 metres (2,930 ft) above sea level , the location of the Leopold Figl observatory . Important rivers in the Vienna Woods are the Wien ,
1881-689: The Lainzer Tiergarten , a large park in the Wienerwald populated by boars , and Schönbrunn Palace and the surrounding parks are part of Hietzing. Hietzing was formed from the six former municipalities Hietzing , Unter-St.-Veit , Ober-St.-Veit , Hacking , Lainz and Speising , and is now divided into nine Katastralgemeinden . Six of the Katastralgemeinden broadly align with the former municipal areas. Rosenberg as well as its own Schönbrunn form Katastralgemeinden. Comes to Katastralgemeinde add Auhof , which covers large parts of
1980-684: The Schwarzenbergpark , were created on the territory of the city of Vienna during the 19th century. The natural park Sandstein-Wienerwald is near Purkersdorf , some 20 km (12 mi) west of Vienna. There are also some caves, such as the Dreidärrischenhöhle ("cave of the three deaf men"). The mountain ranges of the Vienna Woods are the transition between the Eastern Alps and the Carpathians , separated by
2079-626: The Schwechat and the Triesting . The northeasternmost Leopoldsberg overlooking the Danube and the Vienna Basin forms the eastern end of the Alpine chain. Even though the Vienna Woods are a protected landscape and important recreational area, they are threatened by urban sprawl . The Lainzer Tiergarten , an extensive park populated by wild boar and other woodland animals, as well as
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#17327835153592178-412: The "public housing" complexes and the large nursing home Lainz, both with a predominantly social democratic electorate. In the postwar years, initially from 1946 to 1959, the ÖVP named the district director. Afterward, the majority alternated as the most votes from the ÖVP or SPÖ party. From 1978, the ÖVP was able to regain its position as the largest party; they could hold this position until today. While
2277-671: The 13th and 14th District is located in Hietzing currently. In 1938/1939, the Nazi regime set forth in a pheasant garden behind the Schlosspark of Schoenbrunn , started military construction, and built an SS barracks . It is now under the name of Maria Theresa Barracks, or Fasanengarten barracks, used by the armed forces. During the Second World War, the district showed much smaller bomb damage than other districts, since no major industries or major railway lines existed. Vienna
2376-645: The 19th and early 20th century. In the park are the Palm House , the Gloriette and the oldest existing zoo in the world, the Tiergarten Vienna Zoo . In the old Towncenter of Hietzing: 48°10′53″N 16°15′29″E / 48.18139°N 16.25806°E / 48.18139; 16.25806 Vienna Woods The Vienna Woods ( German : Wienerwald , pronounced [ˈviːnɐˌvalt] ) are forested highlands that form
2475-596: The Austrian Government finally gets rid of the occupying powers in the year 2000. In the film, a spaceship lands in Ehrenhof, as thousands of people watched. The Lainzer Tiergarten became, through the 1938 territorial reform, part of the urban area. Hietzing became incorporated first in 1956, resulting in vastly larger surface area. Until then, it had belonged to the District Liesing . Since
2574-427: The Danube. Total casualties: ~66,000–79,000 Casualties during the siege: 48,544 killed, 25% desertion and unknown number of deaths from diseases Casualties during the battle: 8,000–20,000 Total casualties: 16,500–20,000 Casualties during the siege: 12,000 Casualties during the battle: 4,500 The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 12 September 1683 after
2673-527: The Hietzing District consists of five parts: Hietzing (center), Hacking (top left), Sankt Veit (top right), Speising (bottom left) and Lainz (bottom right). In the tree crown, one finds the Virgin Mary with baby Jesus, in the golden rays of the cross, flanked by two angels. Under the tree, four farmers are praying. There is a legend as to the origin of the Mother of God in the emblem, but also
2772-465: The Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire as a result of the Peace of Vasvár . In 1681 and 1682, clashes between the forces of Imre Thököly and the Holy Roman Empire (the border of which was then northern Hungary) intensified, and the incursions of Habsburg forces into central Hungary provided the crucial argument of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha in convincing Sultan Mehmed IV and his Divan to allow
2871-459: The Imperial troops in the area. Emperor Leopold fled Vienna for Passau with his court and 60,000 Viennese, while Charles V, Duke of Lorraine , withdrew his force of 20,000 towards Linz . The main Ottoman army arrived at Vienna on 14 July; the city's only defense force was now that of Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg 's 15,000 men. Saxon engineer Georg Rimpler , who had been employed by
2970-596: The Ottoman Empire. The confederated troops signalled their arrival on the Kahlenberg above Vienna with bonfires. The forces in the city of Vienna responded by sending Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki , a Polish nobleman, diplomat and trader fluent in Turkish, on a successful spy mission to penetrate the Turkish forces and notify the relief troops of when the joint attack was to be made. The battle started before all units were fully deployed. At 4:00 am on 12 September,
3069-410: The Ottoman army as 90,000 men (65,000 soldiers, around 60 guns and 25,000 rear service) but Kunitz's 90,000 combatant information belongs to 12 August while the Ottoman list is for 10 September. The Ottoman vassals of Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia were assigned to hold bridges on key retreat routes, thus not participating in the battle. The Tatar vassals were expected to participate in battle by
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3168-426: The Ottoman army attacked, seeking to interfere with the deployment of Holy League troops. The Germans would be the first to counterattack. Charles of Lorraine moved forward with the imperial army on the left and other imperial forces in the center and, after heavy fighting and multiple Ottoman counterattacks, took several key positions, in particular the fortified villages of Nussdorf and Heiligenstadt . By midday,
3267-408: The Ottoman army in the days of siege ). An Ottoman account captured after battle recorded the number of casualties as 48,544 until 10 September: 10,000 janissary, 12,000 sipahi (elite heavy cavalry), 16,000 beldar (digger), 6,000 engineer (in Turkish lağımcı: miner), 2,000 provincial sipahi and 2,000 Tatars, totaling 48,544 deaths. Compounding this, desertion (Ottoman sources and Luigi Marsigli give
3366-477: The Ottoman camps and Kara Mustafa's headquarters, while the remaining Viennese garrison sallied out of its defenses to join in the assault. The Ottoman forces were tired and dispirited following the failure of the sapping attempt, the assault on the city and the advance of the Holy League infantry on the Türkenschanze. Less than three hours after the decisive cavalry charge, the Holy League forces had won
3465-403: The Ottomans but the mostly irregular Tatar horsemen demonstrated little effectiveness in battle, dissimilar to previous engagements. A lone 28,400 to 50,000 Ottoman army would battle against the relief army consisting of 65,000 soldiers (68,000 misinformation is originated from counting the 3,000 Polish contingent twice joined to the relief army beforehand) with 165–200 guns. In an effort to stop
3564-485: The Ottomans. The defeat was a turning point for Ottoman expansion into Europe, after which they would gain no further ground. In the ensuing war that lasted until 1699, the Ottomans would cede most of Ottoman Hungary to Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor . The battle was won by the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the latter represented only by the forces of
3663-585: The Poles under Sobieski crossed the Danube 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Vienna at Tulln , to unite with imperial troops and the additional forces from Saxony , Bavaria , Baden and other imperial estates . The forces were also joined by several mercenary regiments of Zaporozhian Cossacks hired by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Louis XIV of France declined to help his Habsburg rival , having just annexed Alsace . An alliance between Sobieski and Emperor Leopold I resulted in
3762-586: The Pope. The Habsburgs and Poles also agreed that the Polish government would pay for its own troops while still in Poland, but that the Emperor would fund them once they crossed into imperial territory. However, the Emperor would recognize Sobieski's claim to first rights of plunder of the enemy camp in the event of a victory. The combined besieging forces, led by Kara Mustafa, were less united and facing problems with motivation and loyalty, and struggled to prepare for
3861-724: The Red Army State Registrar Karl Renner as the first residence in Vienna. (Today the building is the Iranian Embassy in Vienna.) The district area north of Vienna was declared, at the Nazi-territorial reform of 15 October 1938 (see Greater-Vienna ) to become the new 14th District, after which this district number was vacant by pooling of Rudolfsheim und Fünfhaus to the 15th District. By this redistricting , Hietzing had lost 94,000 of its 140,000 inhabitants from 1934. The magistrate for
3960-779: The addition of the Polish hussars to the existing allied army. The command of the European allied forces was assigned to the Polish king, renowned for his extensive experience in leading campaigns against the Ottoman army. Notably, he achieved a decisive victory over the Ottoman forces in the Battle of Khotyn (1673) and now commanded an army of 70,000–80,000 soldiers, countering a supposed Ottoman force of 150,000. Sobieski's courage and aptitude for command were already known in Europe. During early September, approximately 5,000 experienced Ottoman sappers had repeatedly demolished large portions of
4059-407: The approaching relief army's movements. According to Austrian Ambassador Kunitz, the besieging Ottoman army had already decreased to 90,000 combatants as of 12 August. Kunitz also claimed that he learned from Ottoman captives that casualties were reaching 20,000 by end of August (other Austrian sources give Ottoman casualties as 12,000 until 13 August, demonstrating a steady increase in casualties of
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4158-520: The area of Altgasse, north therefrom (direction of the Wienfluss canal) were cattle meadows, a few south fields and expanded vineyards. In the vicinity of the Küniglberg and around the zone of the current Hietzinger cemetery, there was also a quarry as well as sand pits and gravel pits whose material was used in the building of Schoenbrunn castle. Before the first Turkish siege (1529), Hietzing
4257-460: The area. Through the northern part of the Vienna Woods (from Tulln an der Donau ), a march of Polish troops of King Jan III Sobieski took place, which were to help Vienna in September 1683. In 1870, plans were brought forward to clear most of the forest, but this caused widespread public resistance, in which Josef Schöffel was one of the most important figures. In 1987, the governors of
4356-516: The average in Vienna. Fundamentals are the high density of pensioners-houses, a large nursing home in Lainz (Geriatriezentrum at Wienerwald) and a very small proportion of foreigners. The number of children under 15 years stood at 13.0%, as only slightly below the Vienna average of 14.7%. The proportion of the population from 15 to 59 years, however, with 56.8% (Vienna: 63.6%), was strongly below average. The proportion of people aged 60 years or more in 2001
4455-428: The battle and successfully defended Vienna. The first Catholic officer who entered the city was Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden , at the head of his dragoons. Afterwards Sobieski paraphrased Julius Caesar 's famous quotation ( Veni, vidi, vici ) by saying " Venimus, vidimus, Deus vicit "- "We came, we saw, God conquered". Contemporary Ottoman historian Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha (1658–1723) described
4554-406: The battle as an enormous defeat and failure for the Ottoman Empire, the most disastrous since the foundation of Ottoman statehood in 1299. The Ottomans lost at least 20,000 men during the siege, while their losses during the battle with Sobieski's forces amounted to around 15,000 dead (according to Podhorodecki ) or 8,000–15,000 dead and 5,000–10,000 captured (according to Tucker). Casualties of
4653-440: The boundaries of the census-districts do not match with those of Katastralgemeinden. The developed area of Hietzing includes only 21.5% (33.3% Vienna-wide) of area of the district, where this is the second lowest value of a municipality of Vienna. The space itself is distributed as 78.7% to 16.5%, for residential areas versus total area of cultural, religious, or sports venues (devoted to public purposes). This relatively high figure
4752-660: The city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarchy ) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , both under the command of King John III Sobieski , against the Ottomans and their vassal and tributary states . The battle marked the first time the Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire had cooperated militarily against
4851-601: The connection train, Verbindungsbahn (Vienna) , with stops in St. Veit, Lainz und Speising. The train was led through a very thinly populated zone at that time. In 1890/1892, the current district areas were summarized (without the Lainzer Tiergarten zoo) and the suburbs north of the Vienna Wienfluss: Penzing , Breitensee Baumgarten and Hütteldorf , then incorporated as the 13th District, with
4950-635: The countryside. The decisive battle took place on 12 September, after the arrival of the united relief army. Some historians maintain that the battle marked a turning point in the Ottoman–Habsburg wars , a 300-year struggle between the Holy Roman and Ottoman Empires. During the 16 years following the battle, the Austrian Habsburgs would gradually conquer southern Hungary and Transylvania , largely clearing them of Ottoman forces. The battle
5049-451: The defenders as they advanced. The Ottomans had 130 field guns and 19 medium-caliber cannon, compared to the defenders' 370. Mining tunnels were dug under the city walls, which would then be filled with sufficient quantities of black powder to demolish the walls. According to Andrew Wheatcroft, the outer palisade was around 150 years old and mostly rotten. To counter this, the defenders set to work knocking very large tree trunks into
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#17327835153595148-609: The district area and essentially Lainzer Tiergarten. Even a small part of Katastralgemeinden Hütteldorf and Unterbaumgarten (14th District) are on Hietzinger area. A breakdown of the district area is also in the census-districts of official statistics in which the census figures of the district municipalities are combined. The eleven census-districts of Hietzing are: Schönbrunn, Hietzing, Auhofstraße, Ober-St.-Veit, Gemeindeberg-Jagdschloßgasse, Lainz, Maxing, Speising, Altersheim Lainz (today: Geriatriezentrum Am Wienerwald), Lainzer Tiergarten and Friedensstadt. Despite partial name matches,
5247-530: The district population of nationals from Germany. Hietzing was next to the inner city as the district with the highest German foreign residents. Another 1.4% were citizens of Serbia and Montenegro, 0.7% were Polish, 0.5% Turkish, and 0.4% Slovak citizens. In 2001, a total of 16.3% of the population of the Hietzing District was not born in Austria. Nearly 1.9% expressed as a language Serbian, 0.5% Turkish, and 1.0% Croatian. The distribution of religious preferences of
5346-499: The district, see: Penzing . In 1869, the current area of the Hietzing District included only 9,808 inhabitants. Due to the low population density at that time, Hietzing was one of the few districts which had a persistent population growth. Before the start of the First World War, the population in 1910, with 34,883 inhabitants, had more than tripled, but then the growth slowed down. In 1971, the district reached 57,068 people,
5445-465: The district-section Speising, one still existing today: Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild Foundation for Nerve Disease - Neurological Center of the city of Vienna - Rose Hill; the area thereto was specifically incorporated into Vienna. In music history, gone is the entertainment Hietzinger Cafe Dommayer ( In the ear nor the rustling waltz, [...] it comes from the Dommayer z'haus" as it was called in
5544-472: The elite Janissary and Sipahi units for a simultaneous assault on the city. The Ottoman leadership had planned, but ultimately failed, to capture Vienna prior to the arrival of Sobieski's forces. Their sappers had prepared a large, final detonation under the Löbelbastei to breach the walls. In total, ten mines were set to explode but they were located by the defenders and disarmed. In the early afternoon,
5643-561: The empire to prepare for war with the Turks, began to prepare Vienna for the upcoming siege – much of Austria's pre-war plans had calculated on fighting the Turks near the city of Győr, a plan made untenable by the Turkish advance. The King of Poland, John III Sobieski, prepared a relief expedition to Vienna during the summer of 1683, honoring his obligations to the treaty, and would depart from Kraków on 15 August. During this time most of Poland would be largely undefended, and taking advantage of
5742-690: The expected relief-army attack. Mustafa had entrusted defense of the rear to the Khan of Crimea and his cavalry force, which numbered between 30,000 and 40,000. There is doubt as to how much the Tatars participated in the final battle before Vienna. Their Khan refused to attack the relief force as it crossed the Danube on pontoon bridges and also refused to attack them as they emerged from the Vienna Woods . The Ottoman allies of Wallachia and Moldavia would also prove unreliable. George Ducas , Prince of Moldavia ,
5841-466: The financial problems of ORF were ridden about 2008, the headquarters of the institute to relocate. In 1997, at Rosenhügel (rose hill) in the area of Bertégasse und Wastlgasse, a slight modification was made to the border at the District Liesing, which mainly affected a small rural settlement. For details on the history of the district, see District sections ; for the 1938 detached parts of
5940-446: The forward march of Ottoman army elements began from Edirne in Rumelia . Ottoman troops reached Belgrade by early May. They were joined by a Transylvanian army under Prince Mihaly Apafi and a Hungarian force under Imre Thököly; they laid siege to Győr and the remaining army of 150,000 moved toward the city of Vienna. About 40,000 Crimean Tatar troops arrived 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Vienna on 7 July, twice as many as
6039-462: The ground to surround the walls. This disrupted the Ottoman plan of a quick siege, adding almost another three weeks to the time it would take to get past the old palisade. This, combined with the delay in advancing their army after declaring war, eventually allowed a relief force to arrive in September. Some historians have speculated that Kara Mustafa wanted to take the city intact with its riches and declined an all-out attack, not wishing to initiate
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#17327835153596138-407: The head of 3,000 Polish heavy lancers, the " Winged Hussars ". Lipka Tatars who participated on the Polish side wore a sprig of straw in their helmets to distinguish them from the tatars fighting on the Ottoman side. The charge quickly broke the battle lines of the Ottomans, who were already exhausted and demoralized and would begin to retreat from the battlefield. The cavalry headed directly towards
6237-422: The highest population to date. Then the population stagnated, falling 4% during the next 2 decades, and later dropping another 10% in the 1990s, but rose gradually after the millennium year. From 2001, the population in Vienna citywide trended to grow, including in Hietzing. At the beginning of 2007, the population stood at 51,120 people. The average age of Hietzinger population in 2001 was significantly higher than
6336-447: The imperial apartments. In an adjoining building, there is the Wagenburg of the Kunsthistorisches Museum , which contains a collection of over 100 wagons, carriages, litters and sedan chairs, with its train and Reit-geschirren which have been used by the imperial court. The connected, not publicly available, uniform depot dates back to the livery-coat of Colonel squire Office and is one of the world's finest collections of court dress from
6435-499: The imperial army had inflicted significant damage on the Ottoman forces and would come close to a breakthrough. At the same time, Cantacuzino and his soldiers (who secretly supported the Christian coalition) were trying to sabotage the Ottoman siege, by abandoning the bridge over the Danube on Brigittenau Island, where the Wallachians had been stationed in order to cover the left flank of the Ottoman Army. Mustafa Pasha launched counterattacks with most of his forces, but held back some of
6534-427: The late 1960s, the ORF operates, which by Roland Rainer designed and in 1975 completed ORF center Küniglberg , in which central TV and radio studios and directors and management of the public broadcaster are located. The name of the unassuming hill in the 13th District has since been used as a synonym for the ORF in the Austrian media discussion omnipresent. The building is, 40 years after its creation, renovated, and
6633-413: The main camp further south. However, by then many Ottoman soldiers were already leaving the battlefield. The relief army was now ready for a final push. At around 6:00 pm, the Polish king ordered the cavalry to attack in four contingents, three Polish groups and one from the Holy Roman Empire. 18,000 horsemen charged down the hills, the largest cavalry charge in history. Sobieski led the charge at
6732-471: The movement of the Ottoman army. Mehmed IV authorized Mustafa Pasha to operate as far as Győr (then known as Yanıkkale , and in German as Raab ) and Komárom (in Turkish Komaron , Komorn in German) Castles, both in northwestern Hungary, and to besiege them. The Ottoman army was mobilized on 21 January 1682 and war was declared on 6 August 1682. Logistically, it would have been risky or impossible to launch an invasion in August or September 1682, since
6831-498: The name Hietzing. Hietzing was reached from 1899 until 1925 with the Viennese operated Dampfloks city train (since 1981 U-train-lines U4) with its Vienna valley line. From 1907, the district was connected through electric streetcar lines (previously: horse train) with the city center. The stretches into the west of the district, after Ober-St.-Veit, and into the south over the district-section Speising to Mauer (today 23rd district) and Mödling, at that time both in lower Austria, were led
6930-403: The northeastern foothills of the Northern Limestone Alps in the states of Lower Austria and Vienna . The 45-kilometre-long (28 mi) and 20–30-kilometre-wide (12–19 mi) range of hills is heavily wooded and a popular recreation area with the Viennese. The Vienna Woods are bounded by the rivers Triesting , Gölsen , Traisen and Danube , and are on the border of the Mostviertel and
7029-408: The number of houses, in the late 18th and early 19th century, changed the structure of the place. The new houses were built by people who occupied superior social position and, in Hietzing, spent the summer. This influx increased the earnings potential of the villagers and shapes the image of Hietzing to the present day. In 1860, the current district area was reached by the first modern transportation:
7128-409: The origin of the name derived Hietzing. During the 2nd Turkish Siege , Hietzing was still a small village. When the Turks advanced, Hietzinger had to hide a valuable statue from her parish church in the crown of a large oak tree, and then sought refuge in nearby Vienna. Four young farmers had one day ventured into the deserted city. There, they were promptly taken prisoner by a Turkish patrol and tied to
7227-469: The period between the wars, the building of the work alliance settlement is remarkable. On 12 March 1938, with Austria now part of Germany and known as "Ostmark", 'official' removal of Jewish citizens commenced. Many were expelled or killed. Their properties and villas were "aryanised" . The villa of the family Blaimschein, located at the corner Lainzer Straße and Wenzgasse, was made available in April 1945 by
7326-528: The place and the remaining vineyards. The place was almost depopulated, and the new settlement proceeded only slowly. The construction of the castle Schoenbrunn, which was built on the site of the destroyed 1683 Katterburg , eventually led to the great boom of the former village Hietzing. The proximity of the Imperial Court brought with it strong construction activity, but it was yet to create quarters for aristocrats and officials. The rapid increase in
7425-568: The plundering that would accompany an assault, which was viewed as the right of conquering soldiers. The Ottoman siege cut virtually all means of food supply into Vienna. Fatigue became so common that von Starhemberg ordered any soldier found asleep on watch to be shot. Increasingly desperate, the forces holding Vienna were on the verge of defeat when, in August, Imperial forces under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, defeated Thököly at Bisamberg, 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Vienna. On 6 September,
7524-452: The population in the 13th District, in 2001, differed most from the average in Vienna. With 57.7% of residents being Roman Catholic (Vienna: 49.2%), it is the highest of all districts of Vienna. There are 8 districts of Roman Catholic parishes, the city Deanery 13 images. Also, the percentage of people with Protestant religion reached 7.4%, as the highest value of a Vienna district. The proportion of people with different religions, on other hand,
7623-473: The predominant issue. Sobieski insisted that he should not have to pay for his march to Vienna, since it was by his efforts that the city had been saved; nor could the Viennese neglect the other German troops who had marched. The Habsburg leadership found as much money as possible to pay for these and arranged deals with the Polish to limit their costs. The main Ottoman army laid siege to Vienna on 14 July. On
7722-444: The relief force under Sobieski's command were much smaller, amounting to approximately 3,500 dead and wounded, including 1,300 Poles. Tucker's estimate is slightly higher: 4,500. The 10,000 strong Viennese garrison and the civilian populace lost, due to all causes, about half of their initial number during the siege. The Holy League troops and the Viennese took a large amount of loot from the Ottoman army, which Sobieski described in
7821-611: The relief forces. The forces of the Ottoman Empire and its vassal states were commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha . The Ottoman army numbered approximately 90,000 to 300,000 men (according to documents on the order of battle found in Kara Mustafa's tent, initial strength at the start of the campaign was 170,000 men ). They began the siege on 14 July 1683. Ottoman forces consisted, among other units, of 60 ortas of Janissaries (12,000 men paper-strength) with an observation army of some 70,000 men watching
7920-546: The remaining Viennese prepared to fight in the inner city. In this table, only household and retinue troops’ numbers are certain, 78,500 and 44,200 while other troops’ numbers are rounded, 50,000 Tatars, 10,000 Wallachian , 170,000 rear service etc. Based on this, Kahraman Şakul claims that this anonymous table shows counted numbers of household and retinue troops while number of provincial troops (Tımarlı Sipahi: 40,000) and vassal states’ troops (100,000) are expected numbers. For instance, Tatars , Nogais and Circassians number
8019-587: The repair and establishment of roads and bridges leading into the Holy Roman Empire and its logistical centers, as well as the forwarding of ammunition, cannon, and other resources from all over the Empire to these centers and into the Balkans. The Siege of Szigetvár in 1566 blocked the advance of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent 's towards Vienna and stopped the Ottoman advance towards Vienna that year. Vienna
8118-425: The same day, Kara Mustafa sent the traditional demand that the city surrender to the Ottoman Empire. Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg, leader of the remaining 15,000 troops and 8,700 volunteers with 370 cannons, refused to capitulate. Only days before, he had received news of the mass slaughter at Perchtoldsdorf , a town south of Vienna, where the citizens had handed over the keys of the city after having been given
8217-476: The siege, the relief army of Poles and Imperial forces would rush to prepare a response. Despite the multinational composition of the army and the short space of only six days, an effective leadership structure was established, centred around the king of Poland and his heavy cavalry ( Polish Hussars ). The Holy League settled the issue of payment by using all available funds from the government, loans from several wealthy bankers and noblemen and large sums of money from
8316-542: The situation, Imre Thököly would attempt an invasion. Kazimierz Jan Sapieha delayed the march of the Lithuanian army, campaigning in the Hungarian Highlands instead, and arrived in Vienna only after it had been relieved. Immediately, tensions rose between Poland and the various German states – especially Austria – over the relief of the city. Payment of troops' wages and supplies while marching would be
8415-563: The start of the campaign, according to documents on the order of battle found in Kara Mustafa's tent. Viennese garrison: 11,000 soldiers + 5,000 volunteers 312 guns but only 141 operational (strength on 10 September 1683) Relief force: 65,000 soldiers with 165–200 guns According to Podhorodecki: 47,000 Germans and Austrians with some 112 guns 27,000 Poles with 28 guns Total: 90,000 but some left behind to guard bridges near Tulln and camps, plus 2,000 Imperial cavalry (not included above) left behind
8514-666: The states of Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland signed the Vienna Woods Declaration to protect nature in the region. German language links Battle of Vienna [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire Vassal states : Holy League : [REDACTED] Habsburg Monarchy [REDACTED] Poland–Lithuania [REDACTED] Cossack Hetmanate 120,000 soldiers to 65,000 soldiers during 60 days of siege with around 60 guns 90,000 to 40,000 soldiers during 60 days of siege 150,000 as of 10 September 1683, down from 170,000 at
8613-560: The third strongest force. After an intermezzo the defeat-serie of the SPÖ continued in 2010 also the ÖVP and the Greens lost votes that year and FPÖ , BZÖ and the LIF could increase their votes. In the 2015 elections the ÖVP regained votes while the SPÖ and Greens lost seats. NEOS was able to win 2 seats in their first district election after forming a party alliance with former LiF. The crest of
8712-494: The villages of Unterdöbling and Oberdöbling. Imperial forces were now closing in on the central Ottoman position (the "Türkenschanze", now the Türkenschanzpark), and as they made preparations for a final push, the Polish cavalry began to take action. It is recorded that the Polish cavalry slowly emerged from a nearby forest to the cheers of onlooking infantry, which had been anticipating their arrival. At 4:00 pm,
8811-512: The walls between the Burg bastion , the Löbel bastion and the Burg ravelin , creating gaps of about 12 metres (39 ft) in width. In response to this, the Viennese began digging their own tunnels to intercept the placing of large amounts of gunpowder in the caverns. The Ottomans finally managed to occupy the Burg ravelin and the low wall nearby on 8 September. Anticipating a breach in the city walls,
8910-642: The ÖVP majority has been relatively stable since 1991, in later election results, starting from 1996, the Social Democrats slipped to a low point, from which benefited in particular the Freedom Party (FPÖ) and the Liberal Forum (LiF). After the electoral defeats of the FPÖ and LiF in 2001 and 2005, the SPÖ was able to regain votes. In 2005, the Greens overtook the Freedom Party ( FPÖ ) and rose to
9009-628: Was 30.2% (Vienna: 21.7%), the highest of the whole of Vienna. Due to the high proportion of older people in 2001, the proportion of women in Hietzing was the largest in Vienna: 44.3% men, 55.7% were women. The number of Hietzing married had a share of 42.8%, compared with Vienna citywide 41.2%, so slightly above the average of Vienna [6]. The proportion of foreign district residents in 2005 was 10.4% (Vienna citywide: 18.7%) and has over 2001 (7.9%) in Vienna as strong rising trend. The highest proportion of foreigners in 2005 represented approximately 2.1% share of
9108-410: Was an emerging wine-making place. After the heavy destruction, the place recovered quickly. The mid-17th century began the transformation of the vineyards into farmland. The growing popularity of the pilgrimage site, "Maria Hietzing" required the expansion of Seelsorge. Choir house and community inn were erected where pilgrims had a possible overnight stay. The second Turkish siege (1683) devastated
9207-652: Was captured. Șerban Cantacuzino , who sympathized with the Christian Coalition, joined the retreat after Sobieski's cavalry charge. Cantacuzino had negotiated with the Imperial forces for Wallachia to join the Christian side, longing for the position of protector of Christians in the Balkan Peninsula . In turn, the Habsburgs promised him the throne of Constantinople which was the capital of
9306-475: Was concluded in the 1683 Treaty of Warsaw, by which Leopold promised to support John III Sobieski if the Ottomans attacked Kraków , and in return, the Polish army would come to the relief of Vienna if it were attacked. On 31 March, another declaration – sent by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha on behalf of Mehmed IV – arrived at the Imperial Court in Vienna. The next day
9405-415: Was in a desperate position between Polish and Imperial forces. Charles of Lorraine and John III Sobieski both decided independently to press the offensive and decisively defeat the Ottoman forces. The German forces resumed the offensive on the left front at 3:30 pm. At first, they encountered fierce resistance and were unable to make progress. However, by 5:00 pm they had begun to advance and taken
9504-638: Was more than 100,000 while this table shows that the Tatars (general term for Crimean Khanate and its vassals) brought 50,000 warriors. Ottoman accounts state the size of the household army as 25,529 Janissaries , 3045 weaponeers (in Ottoman Turkish: cebeci ) and 4000 gunners, totaling 32,574 as opposed to 60,000 estimation in this table. Therefore, according to K. Şakul's assessment, the Ottoman army consisted of approximately 120,000 soldiers and 156 guns. Within their ranks, 30,000 troops were strategically stationed in captured castles and deployed to disrupt
9603-627: Was not threatened again until 1683. In 1679 plague had been raging in Vienna. On the political front, the Ottoman Empire had been providing military assistance to the Hungarians and non-Catholic minorities in Habsburg-occupied portions of Hungary . There, in the years preceding the siege, widespread unrest had grown into open rebellion against Leopold I 's pursuit of Counter-Reformation principles and his desire to suppress Protestantism . In 1681, Protestants and other anti-Habsburg Kuruc forces, led by Imre Thököly , were reinforced with
9702-672: Was taken in the Vienna Offensive of the Red Army on 13 April. From the autumn of 1945 to autumn 1955, Vienna was occupied by the four Allied powers and the 5th District was a part of the British sector - parades of the British army thus took place in the main courtyard of Schoenbrunn Palace, being used as their HQ. In 1952, key scenes were shot there of the Austrian film " 1. April 2000 " (director: Wolfgang Liebeneiner ), in which
9801-459: Was very low: 1.7% is known to Islam, 2.1% for the orthodoxy. About 24.5% said they had no religious community, another 6.6% gave no information about this or any other religion mentioned. The role as majority-party and thereby the claim to the district director has long been disputed between the SPÖ and ÖVP political parties: the traditional, conservative-oriented residential neighborhoods, versus
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