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26-606: There are a total of 7,600 inhabitants living in six villages that form the municipality of Untergruppenbach. Approximately 5,100 live in Untergruppenbach, Donnbronn and Obergruppenbach. An additional 2,500 live in Unterheinriet, Oberheinriet and Vorhof. Untergruppenbach's name roughly means "below the ' Groppe ' (a sort of small fish) stream", referring to a small stream that cuts across the valley in which Untergruppenbach and Obergruppenbach are located. The village

52-493: A large broad head and tapering body, large fins and a rounded tail. The eyes are located near the top of the head. To the distinction from the other freshwater sculpin species found in Northern Europe, it can be told from the alpine bullhead Cottus poecilopus by the fact that the rays of its pelvic fins are of similar lengths while the first and last rays are longer in the alpine bullhead. It can be distinguished from

78-421: A number of churches, amongst them the 100-year-old Johanneskirche. Protestants and Catholics make up the bulk of the community. The village youth in Untergruppenbach can partake in their own Jugendhaus , or Youth House, a property located in the center of town where they can go to meet and spend time together. For local amusement, Untergruppenbach has a fine municipal swimming pool with heated facilities, as well as

104-508: Is a member of the family Cottidae , a type of sculpin . It is also known as the miller's thumb , freshwater sculpin , common bullhead , and cob . The European bullhead is a small demersal fish that lives both in cold, clear, fast-flowing small streams and in middle-sized rivers. It also occurs on gravelly shores of cold lakes. Further, it thrives in diluted brackish water of the Northern Baltic Sea . The bullhead has

130-576: Is distinguished by Burg Stettenfels , a 16th-century castle/manor that stands out above the valley, from its lofty position atop a hill. Untergruppenbach is first mentioned in the Monastery of Hirsau , where reference is made to a village settled by the Franconians in the 6th century. It was later named after a small fish, the Groppe or Koppe , which is mentioned as being present in a stream near

156-619: Is not a single uniform taxon , however, but composed of morphologically and genetically differentiated subunits. Some of those have been distinguished already long time ago as separate subspecies or species with their own names, while in practice they have still mostly been treated under the concept of Cottus gobio . In 2005, Freyhof et al. suggested subdivision of the European Cottus gobio into fourteen distinct species, of which six had been described earlier and eight were newly described and named. Additionally, Cottus ferrugineus

182-658: Is said to occupy Italy and the Balkans, but this taxon is considered invalid. For instance, in this classification the British bullhead are Cottus perifretum . In common usage in the UK, especially by conservation authorities, they are still mostly treated as Cottus gobio . Alliance %2790 Alliance 90 ( German : Bündnis 90 ) was a political alliance of three non-communist political groups in East Germany . It

208-614: The New Forum , Democracy Now and the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights agreed upon the creation of the strategic partnership Alliance 90 ("Bündnis 90") for the 1990 East German general election . On 18 March 1990, in the next and final free election of the former East Germany , the Alliance 90 received 2.9% of the vote, thus securing 12 seats. By far the best result for Alliance 90 was in constituency of Berlin with 6.3%. In

234-418: The fourhorn sculpin by the fact that the dorsal and anal fins terminate close to the tail giving a short caudal peduncle . When it rests on the bottom, the pectoral fins flare out resembling wings. The bullhead is usually about 6 to 8 cm (2.4 to 3.1 in) long and is light brown mottled with darker colour. The pelvic fins are colourless and lack the stripes of the alpine bullhead. Food items eaten by

260-803: The Greens which had been a cross-German party since the end of 1990. One part of the Brandenburg state alliance advocated against a unification with the Greens, including future Minister-President of Brandenburg Matthias Platzeck , Günter Nooke, Ute Platzeck, Peter Schüler, Manfred Kruczek and Gerd Gebhardt. However, they were unsuccessful in their case and founded the Citizens' Alliance ("Bürger Bündnis"), headed by Günter Nooke, Matthias Platzeck und Wolfgang Pohl. The party Alliance 90/The Greens in Saxony had already been established on 27 September 1991, one and

286-537: The New Forum did not participate in the alliance. In Brandenburg , the three civic groups of the Alliance 90 took office alone. In other states, the Greens also successfully took part in the electoral alliances. In Brandenburg from 1990 until 1994, Alliance 90 participated in a traffic light coalition with the Social Democrats and Free Democrats . In the 1990 federal election held on 2 December 1990,

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312-539: The TSV sports center, where any number of physical activities can be practiced, amongst them tennis and soccer. Hikers can find particular enjoyment in the surrounding Swabian-Frankish forest, and activities can be scheduled at the Lutz Siegel Hut, which is located within the forest at a short distance from Burg Stettenfels. The castle has a biergarten located on its foreground, open-air during the summer and enclosed in

338-498: The UWG (Independent Voter Community). In the last municipal elections voter turnout was of 58.06%, with the town turning out mainly in favor of the CDU and the independents. The current mayor of Untergruppenbach is Joachim Weller. The municipality shares a strong sense of community, with a large number of leisure and sports associations, as well as a volunteer fire brigade. The municipality has

364-456: The bullhead include benthic insects, crustaceans and other invertebrates . It breeds in the spring. The male digs a shallow hollow in which batches of eggs are deposited by several females. He then guards the nest for the month or so that it takes for the eggs to hatch. The European bullhead, as treated above, is widespread over most of the subcontinent and in the UK, but absent from the southern peninsulae and from Northern Scandinavia. It

390-492: The castle lord, which ended with violence and the death of two men, with several wounded. The Count fled with his son, and in the proceedings that followed they eventually sold their title to the castle to Duke Karl Eugen , and the village came under the jurisdiction of the Duchy of Wurttemberg . From the 17th century up to World War II the population of the municipality hardly changed, maintaining an average of 1,300. Only during

416-495: The colder months. Access to the city of Heilbronn can be achieved easily by autobahn or regular roads. There is regular bus service to and from the city. Nearby villages include Flein , Abstatt , Ilsfeld , Beilstein , Löwenstein , Talheim , Brackenheim and Auenstein . European bullhead The European bullhead ( Cottus gobio ) is a freshwater fish that is widely distributed in Europe, mainly in rivers. It

442-483: The famous renaissance merchant-banker Fugger family, of Augsburg , came to own the castle. It is under Count Fugger that the castle received its current appearance. Although the area was unaffected by the Thirty Years' War , during which it was an area under Catholic rule, the plague year of 1635 seriously affected the population, with a significant death toll. In the following decades there were tensions between

468-655: The first election following the reunification of Germany , 6.1% of voters in the Eastern electoral area (1.2% across Germany) cast their Zweitstimme (the vote for a party, as opposed to for a person) for the group "Alliance 90/Greens – Citizens' Movement" ( Bündnis 90/Grüne – BürgerInnenbewegung ), which entered into the German Bundestag with eight East German electees: Klaus-Dieter Feige, Ingrid Köppe, Gerd Poppe, Christina Schenk, Werner Schulz, Wolfgang Ullmann, Konrad Weiß and Vera Wollenberger. Werner Schultz took over

494-558: The function of Speaker of the Bundestag group, which he held for the entirety of the legislative period. Its West German partners, the Greens, fell short of election to the parliament. On 21 September 1991, the party Alliance 90 was founded, which brought together parts of the New Forum, Democracy Now and the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights. On 14 May 1993 came the agreement to create the union of Alliance 90/The Greens with

520-460: The inhabitants of the village, who were predominantly Protestant, and the village lords, who were Catholic. When Count Xavier Fugger attempted to build a Catholic church and a Capuchin monastery in 1735 the Duke of Wurttemberg intervened and sent troops to destroy the buildings. The tensions continued and apparently reached a breaking point in 1737, when there was a conflict between the villagers and

546-572: The municipality of Untergruppenbach counts a Hauptschule , two primary schools, two kindergartens, and a Volkshochschule amongst its educational institutions. There are four doctors and two dentists in the municipality, as well as a pharmacy. Amongst the groups represented in the local politics one can find the CDU (Christian Democratic Union), the SPD (German Socialist Party), the Green Party , and

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572-676: The remaining constituencies results ranged from 1.6% in Neubrandenburg to 3.8% in Potsdam . Together with the eight elected mandates from the " Green Party in the GDR ", they created the “Alliance ’90/Greens Party” Faction ( Fraktion Bündnis 90/Grüne ). In the East German Landtag elections on 14 October 1990 the differently-composed electoral alliances made their entry into every Landtag except Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , where

598-466: The settlement. After some 700 years of independent rule, the village was sold to Ludwig II, Duke of Bavaria , from whence the orb in the village's coat of arms probably originates. In 1356 Burg Stettenfels is first mentioned. After a series of wars, in 1504 the castle came into the possession of the Dukes of Württemberg . Some years later it was sold to Wolff Philipp of Huernheim , who restored it. In 1551

624-499: The twentieth century did an immigration wave cause notable changes. The structure of the village has changed significantly. Up until the end of the 19th century the inhabitants were mainly farm workers or involved in craft making. In the late 1800s, with better roads, some of the inhabitants began to work in the quarries and factories of the nearby city of Heilbronn, at one point one of the leading paper manufacturers in Germany. In 1971

650-428: The villages of Heinriet were added to the municipality of Untergruppenbach. Although the majority of Untergruppenbach's contemporary residents work in the district of Heilbronn, many are still employed within the municipality or in nearby villages. Viticulture plays a major part in contemporary Untergruppenbach, with the hill upon which Burg Stettenfels stands itself serving as a sloping vineyard. In terms of education,

676-617: Was formed in February 1990 by the New Forum , Democracy Now and the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights . It received 2.9% of the vote in the 1990 Volkskammer elections. For the first all-German federal election it formed a joint list with the East German Green Party . It was this coalition that merged with the West German Green Party in 1993 to form Alliance 90/The Greens . On 7 February 1990,

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