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30-621: Situated in extreme northwest of the city, the borough consists of the municipalities of Allach and Untermenzing. Allach was first documented on March 30, 774 as Ahaloh . The name means "forest by the water", where "aha" means water and "loh" means forest. Over time, "loh" became "lach". Allach is one of the oldest independent municipalities in Bavaria. Politically and regionally it was connected to Dachau . 48°12′00″N 11°27′10″E  /  48.20000°N 11.45278°E  / 48.20000; 11.45278 This Munich location article

60-910: A medieval deed issued by the Noble Erchana of Dahauua to the prince-bishop of Freising , both descendants of the lineage of the Aribonids . With this deed, dated to August 15, 805 A.D. ( the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary ), she donated her entire property in Dachau, including five so-called Colonenhöfe and some serfs and bondsman, to devolve to the Bishop of the Diocese of Freising after her death. During much of

90-693: A result of his support for the Hohenstaufen, Louis was excommunicated by the pope in 1266. In 1267 when his nephew crossed the Alps with an army, Louis accompanied Conradin only to Verona . After the young prince's execution in Naples in 1268, Louis inherited some of Conradin's possessions in Swabia and supported the election of the Habsburg Rudolph I against Ottokar II in 1273. On 26 August 1278,

120-580: Is twinned with: Dachau also cooperates with: Louis II, Duke of Bavaria Louis the Strict ( German : Ludwig der Strenge ) (13 April 1229 – 2 February 1294) was Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1253. He is known as Louis II or Louis VI following an alternative numbering. Born in Heidelberg , he was a son of Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria and Agnes of

150-463: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Dachau, Bavaria Dachau ( German pronunciation: [ˈdaxaʊ] ) is a town in the Upper Bavaria district of Bavaria , a state in the southern part of Germany . It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt —of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria , about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-west of Munich . It

180-522: Is known for its proximity to the Dachau concentration camp , operated by Nazi Germany between 1933 until 1945, in which tens of thousands of prisoners died. The name “Dachau” originated in the Celtic Dahauua , which roughly translates to “loamy meadow” and also alludes to the loamy soil of the surrounding hills. Some theories assume the name “Amper” river, which the town lies on, may derive from

210-577: Is located east of Dachau. Bundesautobahn 99 is connected with Dachau via Karlsfeld which is located south of Dachau. Bundesstraße No. 471 (via Rothschwaige) connects eastbound towns such as the neighboring city Fürstenfeldbruck and westbound towns such as Oberschleißheim. Bundesstraße No. 304 starts in the south of the city and connects southbound towns until the German-Austrian border . Additionally, several Staatsstraßen connect Dachau with surrounding towns and villages. City of Dachau Dachau

240-467: Is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich, with roughly 45,000 inhabitants. The historic centre of town with its 18th-century castle is situated on an elevation and visible over a great distance. Dachau was founded in the 9th century. It was home to many artists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; well-known author and editor Ludwig Thoma lived here for two years. The town

270-467: Is served by Munich S-Bahn (S2) and Deutsche Bahn via Dachau railway station located in the South of the town. The station is also annexed to the central bus terminal. In Dachau the line S2 is split in two directions: Petershausen and Altomünster. Both lines are named S2 but with different direction names. The offshoot to Altomünster is also served by Dachau Stadt Railway Station which is much smaller than

300-597: The 12th century, Dachau was the primary residence of a smaller branch from the House of Wittelsbach led by Otto I, Count of Scheyern-Dauchau . When Conrad III died in 1182, Duke Otto I of Bavaria purchased the land and granted it market rights , that were then affirmed between 1270 and 1280 by Duke Ludwig II der Strenge (the Strict). In 1467 Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria resigned and then kept only Bavaria-Dachau as his domain until his death in 1501. Between 1546 and 1577,

330-654: The Celtic word for “water”. An alternative idea is that it comes from the Old High German word daha meaning clay, and ouwe , water overflown land. As the Amper River would divert into backwaters in several places, there were many fords making it possible to cross the river. The oldest findings of human presence here date back to the Stone Age . The most noteworthy findings were discovered near Feldgeding in

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360-476: The Cistercian friary Fürstenfeld Abbey (Fürstenfeldbruck) near Munich. Different sources tell varying tales about how this happened: In 1256, Louis had been away from home for an extended time due to his responsibilities as a sovereign in the area of the Rhine. His wife wrote two letters, one to her husband, and another to the count of Kyburg at Hunsrück, a vassal of Louis. Details about the actual content of

390-540: The Dachau castle was transported to Schleißheim this way. By allowing it to run to seed and through deliberate cultivation by the town of Dachau the canal is only still recognizable as such between Frühlingstraße and the Pollnbach. Outside the city limit the original canal continues on to Schloss Schleißheim. Within the city boundaries, in Dachau Süd (South), there is also a small lake called Stadtweiher. The city

420-611: The House of Wittelsbach had the Dachau Palace erected in the Renaissance style. From June 1715 to Autumn 1717, Joseph Effner remodeled the palace to suit the contemporary taste in style. At the beginning of the 19th century, the castle's north-, east- and south-wing had to be demolished due to their state of disrepair. The west-wing housing the dance hall with a superb view of the enchanting gardens, still remains today. On

450-665: The Palatinate . In 1246, the young Louis supported his brother-in-law King Conrad IV of Germany against the usurpation of Heinrich Raspe . In 1251, Louis was at war again against the bishop of Regensburg . Louis succeeded his father Otto as Duke of Bavaria in 1253. When the Wittelsbach country was divided in 1255 among Otto's sons, Louis received the Palatinate and Upper Bavaria , while his brother duke Henry XIII of Bavaria received Lower Bavaria . This partition

480-604: The adjoining municipality Bergkirchen. Around 1000 B.C. the Celts arrived in this area and settled. Approximately at the turn of the first millennium the Romans conquered the area and incorporated it into the province of Rhaetia . A Roman trade road between Salzburg and today's Augsburg is said to have run through Dachau. Remains of this old route are found along the Amper marshlands. The first known documentation of Dachau occurs in

510-601: The armies of Rudolph and Louis met Ottokar's forces on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Ottokar was defeated and killed. In 1289, the electoral dignity of Bavaria passed to Bohemia again, but Louis remained an elector as Count Palatine of the Rhine. After Rudolph's death in 1291, Louis could not enforce the election of his Habsburg brother-in-law Albert I against Adolf of Nassau . Louis died at Heidelberg on 2 February 1294. He

540-460: The first floor the original renaissance wood carved, coffered ceiling can be admired by visitors. During the second half of the 19th century, the town began to attract landscape artists. The Dachau art colony , which flourished between 1890 and 1914, brought the town recognition as one of the most important artist's colonies in Germany beside Worpswede . In 1933, the Dachau concentration camp

570-423: The last ice age and the Amper glacial valley . It is also close to a large marshy area called Dachauer Moos. Highest elevation of the district is the so-called "Schlossberg", the lowest point is near the neighborhood of Prittlbach, at the border to the next community of Hebertshausen . The bordering communities are Bergkirchen to the west, Schwabhausen to the northwest, Röhrmoos to the north, Hebertshausen to

600-508: The main railway station. There are five bus lines which are operated by Stadtwerke Dachau: 719, 720, 722, 724 and 726. There is no tramway transport. Dachau has a well-developed road infrastructure for regional transportation. The city is connected to Bundesautobahn 8 (via Fürstenfeldbruck) with Munich- Pasing southbound, and westbound terminating in Karlsruhe . Dachau is connected to Bundesautobahn 92 via Oberschleißheim connector which

630-626: The messenger who brought him the wrong letter; then upon entering his castle, stabbed his own castellan and a court lady and threw his wife's maid from the battlements, before he murdered his wife either by stabbing her or cutting off her head. Several more restrained chronicles support the account of Marie's execution on 18 January 1256 at Mangoldstein Castle in Donauwörth by ducal decree for alleged adultery, but nothing beyond that. Louis married his second wife, Anna of Glogau , in 1260. They had

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660-404: The northeast, and Karlsfeld to the south. To the east the greater district Dachau borders on the greater district of Munich with the community of Oberschleißheim . The city is divided into 3 zones: Since 1972, the former municipality of Pellheim , along with the communities of Pellheim proper, Pullhausen, Assenhausen, Lohfeld, and Viehgarten, have been incorporated into Dachau. Running from

690-504: The second letter vary, but according to the chroniclers, the messenger who carried the letter to Louis had been given the wrong one, and Louis came to the conclusion that his wife had a secret love affair. Over time a great many tales of folklore sprang up around Louis' deed, most of them written long after his death: Ballad-mongers embellished the tale into a murderous frenzy during which Louis allegedly not only killed his wife after having ridden home for five days and nights, but also stabbed

720-562: The so-called Festwiese runs another canal, called Lodererbach. In town there are still parts of the Schleißheimer canal remaining today. This canal was built in the mid-eighteenth century as part of the northern Munich canal system to which the Nymphenburger Canal belongs as well. It functioned as a transportation route between Dachau and Schleißheim. The building material recovered from the demolition of three wings of

750-404: The south and merges into the Amper river at several locations near the festival grounds. The Mühlbach, a man made canal, is diverted from the river Amper at the electrical power plant and runs parallel and flows back into it after passing the paper mill. The name derives from the frequent mills in former times along the canal which took advantage of the decline between Mühlbach and Amper. West of

780-523: The two brothers, who often argued. The main residences of Louis were at Alter Hof located at the very north-eastern part of Munich and Heidelberg Castle . As one of the Prince-electors of the empire, he was strongly involved in the royal elections for forty years. Together with his brother, Louis also aided his young Hohenstaufen nephew Conradin in his duchy of Swabia , but it was not possible to enforce Conradin's election as German king. As

810-459: The west, the river Amper runs south of Dachau's old town, changes its direction at the former paper milling plant to the northeast and continues through Prittlbach into Hebertshausen. Coming from Karlsfeld, the Würm crosses Dachau-East and merges into the river Amper just outside the district limit of Hebertshausen. The Gröbenbach, which has its source south of Puchheim, runs through town coming from

840-478: Was against the law and therefore caused the anger of the bishops in Bavaria who later allied themselves with king Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1257. During the German interregnum , after King William's death in 1256, Louis supported King Richard of Cornwall . In August 1257 King Ottokar finally invaded Bavaria, but Louis and Henry managed to repulse the attack. It was one of the rare concerted and harmonious actions of

870-523: Was built east of the city by the SS of Nazi Germany and operated until 1945. It was the first of what became many Nazi concentration camps . 14,100 prisoners were killed in the camp by the Nazis and almost another 10,000 in its sub-camps. Dachau is 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Munich . It is 483 meters above sea level by the river Amper , with a boundary demarcated by lateral moraines formed during

900-448: Was succeeded by his eldest surviving son Rudolf I who had Adolf of Nassau as his father-in-law a few months later. Louis was buried in the crypt of Fürstenfeld Abbey . Louis II was married three times. He had his first wife, Maria of Brabant —a daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen —beheaded in 1256, on suspicion of adultery. Any actual guilt on her part could never be validated. As expiation, Louis founded

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