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33-479: Underland may refer to: Literature [ edit ] Underland (book) , a 2019 non-fiction book by Robert Macfarlane Underland (Narnia) , the name for all the land under the fictional world of Narnia in the 1953 book The Silver Chair by C. S. Lewis The Underland Chronicles , a 2003–2007 series by Suzanne Collins Alice in Underland ,

66-474: A critical summary saying, "Macfarlane is foremost a poet, “evoking place and mood with astounding economy” ( Wall Street Journal )". The book has received awards and honours, including being a Sunday Times , New York Times , and Los Angeles Times bestseller. It is a 2020 American Library Association Notable Book , and has won The 2019 National Outdoor Book Award for Natural History Literature , The 2019 Wainwright Prize for UK Nature Writing , and

99-776: A dozen languages. An audiobook, read by Matthew Waterson, was also released in June 2019 by HighBridge Audio . The book is a descriptive journey by the author of different subterranean landscapes that he explores, including caving in the Mendip Hills , the Catacombs of Paris , the Karst Plateau , an underground laboratory for detecting evidence of dark matter , and descending into a glacier's moulin among other explorations. These underground spaces represent "burial and unburial and deep time." Through these underground journeys

132-431: A few times a year with the permission of an authorized mines inspector, but later more frequently and permitted by any mine overseer, a flow of visitors degraded the ossuary to a point where the permission-only rule was restored from 1830, and the catacombs were closed completely from 1833 because of church opposition to exposing human remains to public display. Open again for four visits a year from 1850, public demand caused

165-478: A nightly procession of black cloth-covered wagons carrying the millions of Parisian dead. It would take two years to empty the majority of Paris's cemeteries. Cemeteries whose remains were moved to the Catacombs include Saints-Innocents (the largest by far with about 2 million buried over 600 years of operation), Saint-Étienne-des-Grès (one of the oldest), Madeleine Cemetery , Errancis Cemetery (used for

198-516: A short story by Henry Payson Dowst which led to the 1920 film Smiling All the Way Unterland , a 1992 novel by Wolfgang Hohlbein Alice in Underland , a 2000 non-fiction book by Wolfgang Zuckermann Underland , a 2002 Victor Renquist vampire novel by Mick Farren Other uses [ edit ] Ulf Underland (1928–2012), Norwegian barrister Underland, a fictional realm from

231-412: A walled property above one of the principal subterranean passageways was dug to receive Les Innocents' unearthed remains, and the property itself was transformed into a sort of museum for all the headstones, sculptures and other artifacts recuperated from the former cemetery. Beginning from an opening ceremony on 7 April the same year, the route between Les Innocents and the "clos de la Tombe-Issoire" became

264-578: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Underland (book) Underland: A Deep Time Journey is a book by Robert Macfarlane and the sequel to The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot . Initially published in English on 2 May 2019 by Hamish Hamilton in the UK and on 4 June 2019 by W. W. Norton & Company in the US, the book has been translated into over

297-466: The French Resistance used the tunnel system and established the headquarters from where Colonel Rol-Tanguy led the insurrection for the liberation of Paris in June 1944. The Wehrmacht established an underground bunker below Lycée Montaigne , a high school in the 6th arrondissement . During 2004, police discovered a fully equipped movie theater in an area of the catacombs underneath

330-461: The Trocadéro . It was equipped with a giant cinema screen, seats for the audience, projection equipment, film reels of recent thrillers and film noir classics, a fully stocked bar, and a complete restaurant with tables and chairs. The group les UX took responsibility for the installation. The film As Above, So Below , released in 2014, was the first production that secured permission from

363-799: The Adult Swim television series The Venture Bros. Underland , a dance work by Stephen Petronio based on the music of Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds and premiered by the Sydney Dance Company at the Sydney Opera House in May 2003 "Underland", a song by Sleeping People from their 2007 album Growing Underland, the proper name of the world visited by the title character in the 2010 film Alice In Wonderland See also [ edit ] Underground (disambiguation) Underworld (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

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396-562: The Catacombs have numbered among the fourteen City of Paris Museums managed by Paris Musées . Although the ossuary comprises only a small section of the underground mines of Paris , Parisians often refer to the entire tunnel network as the catacombs. Paris 's earliest burial grounds were to the southern outskirts of the Roman-era Left Bank city. In ruins after the Western Roman Empire 's 5th-century end and

429-474: The Catacombs. In 1793, Philibert Aspairt , a door keeper for the Val-de-Grâce hospital, died in the catacombs. It is thought that he had lost his light source, and was left to die in the darkness. In 1804, 11 years later, his body was found, only a few metres away from a staircase that would have led to an exit. He was only identified by his hospital key ring, and the buttons on his jacket. As one visits

462-533: The French government to film in the catacombs. They aimed to use no alterations to the environment with the exception of a piano and a car which were hauled into the catacombs and set on fire. During 2015, Airbnb paid €350,000 as part of a publicity stunt offering customers the chance to stay overnight in the Catacombs. In August 2017, thieves broke into a cellar from the catacombs and stole more than €250,000 of wine. Only one death has officially been confirmed in

495-545: The Left Bank was known to architects as early 17th-century construction of the Val-de-Grâce hospital (most of its building expenses were due to its foundations), but a series of mine cave-ins beginning 1774 with the collapse of a house along the "rue d'Enfer" (near today's crossing of the Avenue Denfert-Rochereau and the boulevard Saint-Michel ) caused King Louis XVI to name a commission to investigate

528-564: The Paris Right Bank settlement began with cemeteries near its centre. The most central of these cemeteries, a burial ground around the 5th-century Notre-Dame-des-Bois church, became the property of the Saint-Opportune parish after the original church was demolished by the 9th-century Norman invasions. When it became its own parish associated with the church of the " Saints Innocents " from 1130, this burial ground, filling

561-459: The [city] walls" ) burials were forbidden after 1780. The problem of what to do with the remains crowding intra muros cemeteries was still unresolved. Mine consolidations were still occurring and the underground around the site of the 1777 collapse that had initiated the project had already become a series of stone and masonry inspection passageways that reinforced the streets above. The mine renovation and cemetery closures were both issues within

594-410: The book received a [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] (4.22 out of 5) from the site which was based on 15 critic reviews. On Bookmarks Magazine Sep/Oct 2019 issue, a magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] (4.0 out of 5) based on critic reviews with

627-513: The book sheds light on the impacts and consequences of human actions within the Anthropocene geological epoch. Upon release, Underland was generally well-received. According to Book Marks , the book received "rave" reviews based on 35 critic reviews with 26 being "rave" and 7 being "positive" and 2 being "mixed". In Books in the Media , a site that aggregates critic reviews of books,

660-401: The catacombs' creation and renovation. He also added monumental tablets and archways bearing ominous warning inscriptions, and added stone tablets bearing descriptions or other comments about the nature of the ossuary, and to ensure the safety of eventual visitors, it was walled from the rest of Paris's Left Bank 's already-extensive tunnel network . During World War II , Parisian members of

693-451: The catacombs, a sign above reads Arrête! C'est ici l'empire de la Mort ("Stop! The empire of Death lies here"). The Catacombs of Paris became a curiosity for more privileged Parisians from their creation, an early visitor being the Count of Artois (later Charles X of France ) in 1787. Public visits began after its renovation into a proper ossuary and the 1814–1815 war. First allowed only

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726-550: The caverns into a visitable mausoleum . In addition to directing the stacking of skulls, femurs and tibias into the patterns seen in the catacombs today he used the cemetery decorations he could find (formerly stored on the Tombe-Issoire property; many had disappeared after the 1789 Revolution ) to complement the walls of bones. Also created was a room dedicated to the display of the various minerals found under Paris, and another showing various skeletal deformities found during

759-607: The cemetery walls. By the end of the 18th century, the central burial ground was a two-metre-high (6.6 ft) mound of earth filled with centuries of Parisian dead, plus the remains from the Hôtel-Dieu hospital and the Morgue; other Parisian parishes had their own burial grounds, but the conditions in Saints Innocents were the worst. A series of ineffective decrees limiting the use of the cemetery did little to remedy

792-548: The ensuing Frankish invasions, Parisians eventually abandoned this settlement for the marshy Right Bank: from the 4th century, the first known settlement there was on higher ground around a Saint-Etienne church and burial ground (behind the present Hôtel de Ville ), and urban expansion on the Right Bank began in earnest after other ecclesiastical landowners filled in the marshlands from the late 10th century. Thus, instead of burying its dead away from inhabited areas as usual,

825-456: The government to allow monthly visits from 1867, bi-weekly visits on the first and third Saturday of each month from 1874 (with an extra opening for the November 1 toussaint holiday), and weekly visits during the 1878, 1889 (the most visitors yet that year) and 1900 World's Fair Expositions. Later they opened for regular daily visits. After an incident of vandalism, the Catacombs were closed to

858-567: The jurisdiction of the Police Prefect Police Lieutenant-General Alexandre Lenoir, who had been directly involved in the creation of a mine inspection service. Lenoir endorsed the idea of moving Parisian dead to the subterranean passageways that were renovated during 1782. After deciding to further renovate the "Tombe-Issoire" passageways for their future role as an underground sepulchre , the idea became law in late 1785. A well within

891-450: The land between the present rue Saint-Denis , rue de la Ferronnerie , rue de la Lingerie and the rue Berger , had become the city's principal cemetery. By the end of the same century, Saints Innocents was neighbour to the principal Parisian marketplace Les Halles , and already filled to overflowing. To make room for more burials, the long-dead were exhumed and their bones packed into the roofs and walls of "charnier" galleries built inside

924-449: The post 12th-century haphazard mining technique of digging wells down to the deposit and extracting it horizontally until depletion, many of these (often illicit) mines were uncharted, and when depleted, often abandoned and forgotten. Paris had annexed its suburbs many times over the centuries, and by the 18th century many of its arrondissements (administrative districts) were or included previously mined territories. The undermined state of

957-415: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Underland . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underland&oldid=1230354200 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

990-421: The situation, and it was not until the late 18th century that it was decided to create three new large-scale suburban burial grounds on the outskirts of the city, and to condemn all existing parish cemeteries within city limits. Much of the Left Bank area rests upon rich Lutetian limestone deposits. This stone built much of the city, but it was extracted in suburban locations away from any habitation. Because of

1023-461: The state of the Parisian underground. This resulted in the creation of the inspection Générale des Carrières (Inspection of Mines) service. The need to eliminate Les Innocents gained urgency from May 31, 1780, when a basement wall in a property adjoining the cemetery collapsed under the weight of the mass grave behind it. The cemetery was closed to the public and all intra muros (Latin: "within

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1056-672: The victims of the French Revolution ), and Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux . By this way the skeletal remains of several notable victims of the French Revolution were transferred to the Catacombs, including (the date is the date of death): Catacombs in their first years were a disorganized bone repository, but Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury , director of the Paris Mine Inspection Service from 1810, had renovations done that would transform

1089-574: Was named the 2020 Stanford Dolman Travel Book of the Year at the Edward Stanford Travel Writing Awards . Catacombs of Paris The ossuary remained largely forgotten until it became a novelty-place for concerts and other private events in the early 19th century; after further renovations and the construction of accesses around Place Denfert-Rochereau , it was opened to public visitation from 1874. Since 2013,

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