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40-645: Part of the anti-austerity and anti-globalization movements , it advocates direct democracy , federalism , and republicanism in Spain . After the November 2019 Spanish general election , it formed a coalition government with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party . While campaigning for the 2015 Spanish general election , the United Left (IU) promoted the creation of, and later joined,

80-490: A Podemos–IU alliance as "good", so as to "make every vote count" and for "six million votes having a correct translation in deputies", in reference to the Spanish electoral system panning IU in the 2015 election. By 30 April 2016, both Podemos and IU acknowledged that formal coalition talks had started and that, despite differences over the coalition name and the composition of party lists, with discussions continuing throughout

120-551: A couple of economists made that assertion, while many others disagreed. Policy makers abandoned the unemployed and turned to austerity because they wanted to, not because they had to. In October 2012, the International Monetary Fund announced that its forecasts for countries which implemented austerity programs have been consistently overoptimistic. Puerta del Sol The Puerta del Sol ( Spanish: [ˈpweɾta ðel ˈsol] , English : "Gate of

160-503: A motion by Más País to legalise the recreational use of cannabis in Spain. Bold indicates best result to date.   Present in legislature (in opposition)   Junior coalition partner   Senior coalition partner Anti-austerity The anti-austerity movement refers to the mobilisation of street protests and grassroots campaigns that has happened across various countries, especially in Europe , since

200-430: Is mostly dominated by the left-wing Podemos , but there are also further left factions, mostly arising from the United Left (IU) political coalition. Podemos is the only mainstream party that seriously questions the role of the monarchy and the Spanish constitution as it stands. The founder and former leader of Podemos, Pablo Iglesias Turrión , wants Catalonia to continue as part of Spain, but says his party would respect

240-622: Is the main member of the United Left. In its statutes , the PCE defines its goals as "democratically participate in a revolutionary transformation of society and its political structures, overcoming the capitalist system and constructing socialism in the Spanish State, as a contribution to the transition to socialism worldwide, with our goals set in the realization of the emancipating ideal of communism ". In 2021, Unidas Podemos supported

280-812: Is to the southeast. Under the square lies a public transport hub served by lines 1, 2 and 3 of the Madrid Metro . A commuter service was inaugurated on 27 June 2009, four years behind schedule. The lateness of the construction was in part due to the discovery of the remains of the Church of Our Lady of Good Success during the excavation of the main chamber. The new station connects the Puerta to Madrid's commuter rail system and, by extension, to Spain's railroads via direct connections to Atocha and Chamartín railway stations [2] . The square connects several commercial and recreational areas together, and thus both it and

320-682: The April 2019 Spanish general election , the party lost 29 seats and fell to the 4th place in the Congress of Deputies , below Ciudadanos . In the November 2019 Spanish general election , the party lost 7 more seats, falling in 4th place, this time below Vox . It entered a coalition government with the PSOE . On 26 May 2018, Podemos announced that the name of the coalition for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain would be Unidas Podemos cambiar Europa ("United We Can Change Europe"). The alliance

360-624: The Balearic Islands by late April ahead of a prospective electoral alliance, aiming at forming a "grand coalition of the left" in the islands. Despite initial disagreements over Més's place in the Congress lists, both parties finally reached an agreement on 13 May 2016 to run together in the Balearics under the "Units Podem Més" label (Catalan for United We Can More ). Earlier on 11 May 2016, Navarrese party Batzarre —from 2011 within

400-560: The Iraq War [1] . In 2011, the square became established as a focal point and a symbol for the ongoing Spanish democracy demonstrations . The demonstrations included camping in the middle of the plaza (@acampadasol), which began on 15 May 2011 amidst the election campaign for city halls and Autonomous Communities governments and which was fueled by social media, particularly Twitter and Facebook. The demonstrations then spread to more than sixty other cities throughout Spain. Since 12 June 2011,

440-626: The Izquierda-Ezkerra alliance with IU in Navarre —had voted for joining the Podemos–IU alliance. That same day, For a Fairer World ( Por un Mundo más Justo, PUM+J ), which had previously participated in left-wing alliances such as Ahora Madrid , had announced its intention to join the alliance with 61% of its members favouring the pact. Also joining the alliance was Zaragoza in Common (ZEC),

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480-499: The Now in Common ( Ahora en Común, AeC ) platform, seeking a wide alliance with other left-wing parties. After Podemos rejected invitations to join to what some members of this party called an "acronym soup", heightened after the failure of Catalunya Sí que es Pot in the 2015 Catalan election , the AeC platform gradually lost momentum: its founding members left the project and the brand name

520-546: The Scottish independence referendum in 2014, the Scottish Government pledged to end austerity in an independent Scotland. Economist Thomas Piketty welcomed the political reaction to austerity, saying the rise of anti-austerity parties is "good news for Europe". According to Piketty, European countries tried to get rid of their deficits too quickly, resulting in a situation where "their citizens have suffered

560-481: The 5th anniversary of the 15-M Movement . On 9 May 2016, Pablo Iglesias Turrión of Podemos and Alberto Garzón of IU officially announced an alliance between their respective parties, with both leaders symbolically sealing their pact through an embrace at Puerta del Sol in Madrid , landmark of the 15-M movement. The pact guaranteed that 1/6 of the candidates obtained by the coalition—as planned and without including

600-824: The City where people gossip"). The House of the Post Office was built by French architect Jacques Marquet between 1766 and 1768. The building was the headquarters of the Ministry of Interior and State Security in Francoist Spain . It is currently the seat of the Presidency of the Madrid Community . Sol has seen protests against the March 11th 2004 attacks on commuter trains, and Spain's involvement in

640-589: The Post Office, it was visited by those eager for the latest news. The stairs to the Saint Philip church at the square were known as the Gradas de San Felipe , and were among the most prolific mentideros de la Corte (this Spanish idiom sounds as " lie-spreaders of the Court", but it is related with the verb mentar , "to say about someone", not mentir , "to lie", so it is more appropriately translated as "places of

680-679: The Post Office: one is devoted to the neighbours of Madrid who rose up against the Napoleonic invasion of Spain on May 2, 1808; the other one is a memorial of the victims of the March 11th, 2004 terrorist attacks. In 2020, another plaque was added, conmemorating those who died during the COVID-19 pandemic . Also on its south side, the square holds a mounted statue of Charles III of Spain , nicknamed "el rey alcalde" ("the mayor-king") due to

720-606: The Sun") is a public square in Madrid , one of the best known and busiest places in the city. This is the centre ( Km 0 ) of the radial network of Spanish roads . The square also contains the famous clock whose bells mark the traditional eating of the Twelve Grapes and the beginning of a new year. The New Year's celebration has been broadcast live since 31 December 1962 on major radio and television networks including Atresmedia and RTVE . The Puerta del Sol originated as one of

760-646: The alliance from the beginning. Among the supporters of such an alliance was one Podemos' founders, Juan Carlos Monedero —who proposed that both parties should come together under the name "Podemos En Común" ( Spanish for We Can In Common ). Mayor of Barcelona Ada Colau , also voiced her support for such a pact stating "I would see as positive that it could be put together, always with respect", her En Comú Podem regional alliance having already seen both parties working together in Catalonia. Valencian Vice President Mònica Oltra had also commented that she would see

800-480: The chimes at the same time as the archipelago. The Puerta del Sol contains a number of well known sights both domestically and internationally associated with Spain. On the south side, the old Post Office was the headquarters of the Ministry of Interior and State Security in Francoist Spain . The basement of the DGS (Spanish: Dirección General de Seguridad , lit.   'General Directorate of Security')

840-422: The consequences in the shape of austerity policies. It's good to reduce deficits, but at a rate that's commensurate with growth and economic recovery, but here growth has been killed off." Some economists, like Nobel Prize winning Princeton economist Paul Krugman , argue that austerity measures tend to be counterproductive when applied to the populations and programs they are usually applied to. The fact that

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880-597: The extensive public works program he set in motion. The famous Tío Pepe lighted sign was above the square's eastern building between the Calle de Alcalá and the Carrera de San Jerónimo ( Apple Store today) for a long time, now is on top of the former Paris Hotel. Also on the east side lies the statue of The Bear and the Strawberry Tree (in Spanish, el Oso y el Madroño ), the heraldic symbol of Madrid. Until 2009,

920-582: The following week. Concurrently, IU submitted its plan for an alliance with Podemos to a membership vote held on 2–4 May, which received 85% of the vote in favour. Despite the ongoing negotiations on 4 May, Podemos and IU leaders took the coalition between both of their parties for granted, setting the People's Party (PP) as their main electoral rival and seeking to marginalise the PSOE. It was reported that both parties intended to formally announce their alliance during

960-500: The gates in the city wall that surrounded Madrid in the 15th century. Outside the wall, medieval suburbs began to grow around the Christian Wall of the 12th century. The name of the gate came from the rising sun which decorated the entry, since the gate was oriented to the east. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the area was an important meeting place: as the goal for the couriers coming from abroad and other parts of Spain to

1000-863: The most important policies were emphasis on public control, poverty reduction , and social dignity via a basic income for everyone , including lobbying controls and punitive measures against tax avoidance by large corporations and multi-national organizations, as well as promotion of smaller enterprises. It also included revoking or curtailing the Treaty of Lisbon , abandoning the memorandum of understanding , withdrawing from some free-trade area agreements, and promoting referendum on any major constitutional reform. On environmentalism, it advocated reduction of fossil fuel consumption, promotion of public transport and renewable energy initiatives, reduction of industrial cash crop agriculture, and stimulating local food production by small and medium enterprises . The PCE

1040-467: The municipal alliance created for the 2015 municipal election in the city of Zaragoza and which went on to win the city's government. The results of the alliance between Podemos and IU were "highly disappointing" as Pablo Iglesias said the electoral night, however, the alliance itself was called 'the right path'. Unidos Podemos got 71 seats, the same as in December, losing near 1.1 million votes. In

1080-460: The onset of the worldwide Great Recession . Anti- austerity actions are varied and ongoing, and can be either sporadic and loosely organised or longer-term and tightly organised. They continue as of the present day. The global Occupy movement has arguably been the most noticeable physical enactment of anti-austerity and populist sentiment. Since the onset of the economic recession in Europe ,

1120-460: The point from which kilometer distances are numbered in the Spanish road system. The Puerta is located in the very heart of Madrid. It serves as the kilometre zero from which all radial roads in Spain are measured. This is demonstrated by a plaque on the floor of the square, marking the exact point of Km.0. This was established in 1857, setting six major radial roads, clockwise: The old plaque

1160-518: The political establishment response has increasingly focused on austerity: attempts to bring down budget deficits and control the rise of debt. The anti-austerity movement has responded by giving rise to a wave of anti-establishment political parties. Opposition to austerity is seen as the force behind the rise of Podemos in Spain, Italy's Five Star Movement and the Syriza party in Greece. Ahead of

1200-585: The political sphere has been so heavily influenced by a paper known as " Growth in a Time of Debt " based on flawed methodology has led Krugman to argue: What the Reinhart–Rogoff affair shows is the extent to which austerity has been sold on false pretenses. For three years, the turn to austerity has been presented not as a choice but as a necessity. Economic research, austerity advocates insisted, showed that terrible things happen once debt exceeds 90 percent of G.D.P. But "economic research" showed no such thing;

1240-506: The regional coalitions En Comú Podem , En Marea and És el moment —were to be awarded to IU candidates. In addition, the distinct identity of each party was to be preserved. Podemos, IU and Equo put the alliance up to votes from their respective memberships on 10–11 May, all of which overwhelmingly supported the pact. On 13 May 2016, it was announced that the alliance would be named Unidos Podemos , Spanish for United We Can. Discussions between Podemos and Més per Mallorca (Més) started in

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1280-440: The square has held a free-standing domed structure made from pallets, which served as an information point for the 15-M Movement . This continued throughout the summer of 2011 until the dawn of 2 August, when the national police decided to evict the structure and protestors. Currently, dozens of committees have their assemblies in the iconic square. Despite once being the meeting point of the six major radial roads of Spain, in 2020

1320-510: The square was pedestrianized and closed to most traffic. Exceptions are made for supplies to shops, emergency services and blood donation campaigns. During New Year's Eve 2018–2019, the clock of the Puerta del Sol for the first time in history rang the bells according to the schedule of the Canary Islands . After the traditional twelve strokes of midnight, the clock delayed itself one hour to adjust to Canary Islands time, and also gave

1360-412: The statue stood on the north side at the entrance to Calle del Carmen . The Mariblanca (a female figure named for its white marble) is a copy of a statue (possibly of Venus, and so the restored pedestal claims), which marks the place of a former fountain displaying that figure. The kilómetro cero is a plaque on the ground directly north of the Post Office serving as the symbolic center of Spain, and

1400-469: The surrounding streets consist mainly of shopping establishments catering to locals and tourists alike, like the several El Corte Inglés department store buildings in Preciados Street, La Mallorquina cafe, and numerous, ever-changing restaurants. The area remains active late into the night and early morning since nearby bars and dance clubs often only start entertainment at 1 am. Street music

1440-500: The will of the 80% of Catalans who want a referendum according to polls. The party has called for the release of jailed Catalan leaders on trial in Spain's Supreme Court. It is a coalition of other leftist parties, but the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) is the only member party that still runs at the national level. Podemos presented a collaboratively written program for the 2014 European Parliament election in Spain . Some of

1480-719: Was infamous for being a place where Dissidents to the regime were subjected to torture . The building now serves as the office of the President of Madrid , the head of the regional government of the Autonomous Community of Madrid (not to be confused with the Madrid City Council, which is housed in the Palacio de Cibeles ). There are two commemorative plaques in the front of the Royal House of

1520-579: Was lost. Eventually, the platform turned into the Popular Unity (IU-UPeC) electoral coalition without having fulfilled its initial aspirations. From 20 April 2016, Podemos and Popular Unity were reported to be in negotiations to form a joint electoral list for upcoming general election aimed at relegating the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) into third place. Leaders from both parties denied that any agreement had been reached, and stated that they "would not do anything until it [the new election]

1560-641: Was replaced in 2009, as it had become faded after years of foot traffic. It is also the reference for street numbers in Madrid, which begin at the street-end that is closest to Puerta del Sol. Immediately to the southwest lies the Plaza Mayor ; the Palacio Real , the official home of the Royal Family , is further west. Parliament and the museum district are to the east and the train station Atocha

1600-449: Was sure", but confirmed that unofficial talks had begun. More than one hundred intellectuals and artists, including El Gran Wyoming , Antonia San Juan , Carlos Bardem , Fernando Tejero , and Luis Tosar , signed a manifesto calling for Podemos, IU and their regional alliances to join forces for the coming election. On the other hand, some member parties of IU such as Open Left , led by former IU leader, Gaspar Llamazares , were opposed to

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