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88-677: Unistar has one project under development, Calvert Cliffs Unit 3 in Maryland - the reference plant for the Areva , U.S. EPR design. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is currently reviewing UniStar's Combined License (COL) application for this facility. UniStar is also assisting PPL Corporation with the development of their Bell Bend Unit 1 project, which is also a U.S. EPR design. Created in 2005 by Constellation Energy and Areva , UniStar Nuclear became UniStar Nuclear Energy in August 2007 -

176-602: A cutbait . Common natural baits for both fresh and saltwater fishing include earthworm , leech , insects and larvae , minnow , squid , prawn , crayfish , and even crabs, frogs and salamanders . Natural baits are effective due to the real texture, odour and movements of the bait presented. The common earthworm is a universal live bait for freshwater angling, and grubs and maggots are also excellent bait when trout fishing . Grasshoppers , crickets , eels and even ants are also used as bait for trout in their season, although many anglers believe that trout or salmon roe

264-518: A human arm ) and increasing the launch speed of the terminal tackles (the hook, bait/lure, and other co-launched attachments such as float and sinker / feeder ). Traditional fishing rods are made from single piece of hardwood (e.g. ash and hickory ) or bamboo , while contemporary rods are usually made from alloys (e.g. aluminium ) or more often high-tensile composite materials such as fibreglass or carbon fiber , and newer rod designs are often constructed from hollow blanks to increase

352-559: A " direct-drive " design, while modern reels since the Industrial Revolution typically are "multiplier" reels that use internal gear trains to gain a higher rotational speed . Most reels made from the latter half of the 20th century onwards have smoother line guides, anti-reverse designs, gear disengagement mechanisms and sophisticated drag and braking adjustments to help casting farther, more accurately and reliably, and to provide optimal pulling forces when retrieving

440-549: A Delaware limited liability company , was jointly owned by Constellation Energy (CEG) and Électricité de France (EDF), the French builder and supplier of nuclear power plants. The proposed unit was to produce approximately twice the energy of each individual existing unit. On July 13, 2007, UniStar Nuclear Energy filed a partial application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to review its plans to build

528-433: A cooling heat-sink for the plant. Unit 1 went into commercial service in 1975 and Unit 2 in 1977. The total cost of the two units was approximately US$ 766 million, about $ 3.699 billion in 2024. Unit 1 had its two steam generators replaced in 2002 and its reactor vessel closure head replaced in 2006, while unit 2 had its two steam generators replaced in 2003, and its vessel closure head replaced in 2007. The water around

616-523: A decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 miles (80 km) was 2,890,702, a decrease of 2.0 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Washington, D.C., (45 miles to city center). In 2001, when the Dominion Cove Point LNG plant was scheduled to reopen, many local residents were concerned about the proximity to this nuclear power plant (3 miles). Residents thought that

704-428: A denser tackle called a sinker , and is typically dressed with an appetizing bait (i.e. hookbait ) to attract and entice the fish into swallowing the hook, but sometimes an inedible fake/imitation bait with multiple attached hooks (known as a lure ) is used instead of a single hook with edible bait. Some type of bite indicator , such as a float , a bell or a quiver tip , is often used to relay underwater status of

792-522: A fee would doom the project, “or the economics of any nuclear project, for that matter”. In November 2010 a deal to transfer Constellation Energy Group's stake in a nuclear development company to its French partner, EDF Group, closed, according to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission . A month prior, Constellation agreed to sell its 50 percent stake in UniStar Nuclear Energy to EDF for US$ 140 million, giving EDF sole ownership of

880-747: A fish from unhooking itself while being reeled in. Some laws and regulations require hooks to be barbless, typically to facilitate catch and release . This rule is commonly implemented to protect populations of certain species, as a barbed hook could cause significant collateral lacerations (especially when it penetrates the gill) that can kill a fish even after released alive. Fishing lines are long, ultra-thin, flexible cords that may come in monofilament or braided multifilament forms. Traditional fishing lines are made of silk, while most modern fishing lines are made from synthetic polymers such as nylon, polyethylene , polyvinylidene fluoride (" fluorocarbon ") or copolymer materials. Important specifications for

968-423: A fishing line include its material and forms, test weight , diameter, stretch , memory , abrasion resistance, UV resistance, and reflective and/or refractive visibility. A fishing rod is a long, thin stick/pole that acts as an extended lever and allows the angler to amplify line movements while luring and pulling the fish. It also enhances casting distance by lengthening the swing radius (compared to that of

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1056-448: A fishing line. Almost all recreational angling activities involve the use of fishing rods , which is used to manipulate the movements of fishing lines and to allow farther casting of baits / lures . The main rod fishing techniques are float fishing , bottom fishing , lure fishing and trolling , while the former two are often collectively known as "bait fishing" due to the exclusive use of conventional edible baits. Float fishing

1144-572: A joint venture by Constellation Energy and EDF . In 2010, EDF acquired 100 percent of UniStar Nuclear Energy. In 2008, UniStar also submitted a Combined Operating License Application for a new nuclear unit in Oswego NY , to be named Nine Mile Point Unit 3 . UniStar failed to acquire the land rights from Constellation Energy (and other parties) and subsequently terminated the NMP3 project in 2013. In February 2014, after significant staff reductions

1232-441: A laterally flattened float called palyaw , which is shaped like a small outrigger boat , a catamaran or a fish. A longline is attached to the float, and set unto the water's edge and dragged by someone running or walking along the beach. The combination of the water resistance and the diagonal pull forces the float outwards into deeper waters, like a kite . Once the line reaches its maximum line length, it moves rapidly parallel to

1320-412: A longline vertically down into the water (instead of being more horizontally deployed like longlining) with a series of baited hooks. Droplines are weighted at the bottom and have a float at the top. They are not usually as long as longlines and have fewer hooks, and tend to be stationary. Trotlining uses a longline that, instead of being tethered to the water surface only at one end, are fixed at/near

1408-460: A lure they have just been hooked on, a behaviour that is unlikely if hooking were painful. Opponents of catch and release fishing would find it preferable to ban or to severely restrict angling. On the other hand, proponents state that catch-and-release is necessary for many fisheries to remain sustainable, is a practice that generally has high survival rates, and consider the banning of angling as not reasonable or necessary. In some jurisdictions, in

1496-530: A national policy was New Zealand in 1986. The minimum landing size (MLS) is the smallest fish measurement at which it is legal for the fisherman to keep a captured fish. The MLS depends on the species of fish, and allowed sizes also vary around the world, as they are legal definitions which are defined by the local regulatory authority. The idea behind this limitation is that only the older, more mature adult fish get taken, leaving growing juveniles behind to continue breeding and propagating their species. There

1584-572: A new nuclear power plant, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 3 (CCNPP 3) based on the AREVA US Evolutionary Power Reactor (US-EPR), Generation III+, four loop pressurized water reactor. The third reactor was intended to address a need for more baseload power generation in the Mid-Atlantic region. The unit proposed to be located south of the existing units 1 and 2, set back from the shoreline. Although only

1672-427: A plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of 10 miles (16 km), concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination , and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 miles (80 km), concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity. The 2010 US population within 10 miles (16 km) of Calvert Cliffs was 48,798, an increase of 86.4 percent in

1760-691: A single species in a single fishing ground ) around the world had adopted some variant of this approach, along with approximately 100 smaller fisheries in individual countries. Approximately 10% of the marine harvest was managed by ITQs as of 2008. The first countries to adopt individual fishing quotas were the Netherlands , Iceland and Canada in the late 1970s, and the most recent is the United States Scallop General Category IFQ Program in 2010 The first country to adopt individual transferable quotas as

1848-493: A single unit, its power plant footprint was almost twice the size of the existing units together. It was to have a closed-loop cooling system using a single hybrid mechanical draft cooling tower, incorporating plume abatement for no visible water vapor plume from the tower. Units 1 and 2 use an open-cycle heat dissipation system without cooling towers. The cooling tower of the Unit 3 reactor was to release two thirds of its waste heat to

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1936-429: A smaller size survive longer to continue breeding, and the average size of fish stock shrinks over time. This has led to a collapse in the amount of catchable fish in some fisheries. Although most anglers keep their catch for consumption, catch and release fishing is increasingly practiced, especially by fly anglers. The general principle is that releasing fish allows them to survive, thus avoiding unintended depletion of

2024-399: Is a bass fishing technique that resembles jigging , and involves repetitively lifting and dropping a flat lure, usually made of 1 to 2.5 oz of lead painted to look like a baitfish (or heavy slabs of metal), through a school of actively feeding fish that the angler has located on a fishfinder . It is used on white and striped bass in the reservoirs of the southern US. Rodless trolling

2112-561: Is a fishing technique that uses a fish hook attached to a fishing line to tether individual fish in the mouth. The fishing line is usually manipulated via a fishing rod , although rodless techniques such as handlining also exist. Modern angling rods are usually fitted with a fishing reel that functions as a cranking device for storing, retrieving and releasing out the line, although Tenkara fishing and traditional cane pole fishing are two rod-angling methods that do not use any reel. The fish hook itself can be additionally weighted with

2200-525: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a United States company or corporation involved in the energy industry is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant#Proposal to add a third reactor The Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant ( CCNPP ) is a nuclear power plant located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay near Lusby , Calvert County , Maryland, in

2288-598: Is being considered in Case Number 9127. Opponents and supporters of the proposed third reactor at Calvert Cliffs were involved in a series of public hearings before officials of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission . In March 2009, Bill Peil of southern Calvert County asked the NRC to deny an emissions permit for the reactor due to health and safety concerns he asserted that the plant posed to

2376-581: Is designed to contain and release groundbaits to help attract fish towards the hook. Lure fishing uses a type of artificial fake bait known as lure , which is usually made from inedible materials such as wood, metal and plastics. Unlike conventional fishing baits, lures do not emit any scent and thus cannot attract fish olfactorily, but instead using prey-like appearances, movements, vibrations, bright reflections and flashy colors to attract and entice carnivorous predatory fish into mistakenly striking. Many lures are equipped with more than one hooks to better

2464-688: Is generally accepted that this management approach will help the fishery create a number of large, trophy-sized fish. In smaller fisheries that are heavily fished, catch and release is the only way to ensure that catchable fish will be available from year to year. The practice of catch and release is criticised by some who consider it unethical to inflict pain upon a fish for purposes of sport. Some of those who object to releasing fish do not object to killing fish for food. Adherents of catch and release dispute this charge, pointing out that fish commonly feed on hard and spiky prey items, and as such can be expected to have tough mouths, and also that some fish will re-take

2552-428: Is increasingly practiced by sport fishermen in recent years to conserve the fish stocks and help maintain sustainability of the local fisheries. Angling is not to be confused with snagging , another fishing technique that also uses line and hook to catch fish. The principal differences between the two techniques are that angling often uses very small hooks and relies on the target fish itself to voluntarily swallow

2640-1087: Is prepared from a small amount of bread, often moistened and softened by saliva, then squeezed into a ball of the bite size of small fish. Some baits are not actual food items but rather just "fake" replicas of food made of inedible materials (e.g. wood, metal, silicone rubber , plastics, etc), and are designed to entice predatory fish to strike by imitating the appearance and motions of real prey ( shad , worm, frog, insect, crayfish , etc.). These inedible, replica baits are typically called lures instead of baits, although expressions such as " swimbaits ", "crankbaits", "jerkbaits", " spinnerbaits " and "chatterbaits" are still used when describing specific types of lures. Unlike conventional baits, lures typically do not release any scents and rely solely on looks and sounds/vibrations to attract fish, although occasionally chemical attractants (e.g. dimethyl-β-propiothetin ) are still used in addition either to impregnate favorable smells or to mask away unwanted plastic smells. Many anglers prefer to fish solely using lures, as these rely more on

2728-399: Is returned to the bay no more than 12 °F (6.7 °C) warmer than the bay water. Unlike many other nuclear power plants, Calvert Cliffs did not have to utilize water cooling towers to return the hot water to its original temperature. As the water comes out very quickly and creates a sort of artificial rip current , it can be a dangerous place to fish. CCNPP 3 will only need about 10% of

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2816-439: Is some criticism of this legal requirement, however, as it applies artificial selection pressure to the fish population (see Fisheries-induced evolution ) unless the anglers voluntarily practise catch and release indiscriminate of sizes. As larger fish (whose survival has been more successful so far) get taken out of the population, the genes for larger size are reduced or removed from the gene pool , while fish that mature at

2904-516: Is superior to any other bait. Crayfish, which are preyed upon by a variety of ray-finned fishes , are also commonly used as bait, either live or with only the tail meat. They are popular for catching catfish , largemouth bass , smallmouth bass , striped bass , perch and pike . However, studies had confirmed that introducing crayfish outside of their home range has led to various ecological problems of them becoming invasive species . Transporting crayfish as live bait has also contributed to

2992-496: Is the most common method of angling, defined by the use of a compact light buoy attached to fishing line – known as a float (or " bobber " in the United States) — as the bite indicator . Due to buoyancy, the float remains at the water surface and suspends the baited hook at a predetermined depth. It can also drift in the prevailing current and carry the hook to areas of water otherwise inaccessible by casting alone. When

3080-401: Is the oldest angling technique used by mankind, and can be done from boats or from the shore. It is used mainly to catch groundfish and squid , but smaller pelagic fish can also be caught. Deadlining is the practice of leaving a baited handline in the water (with the other end fastened to the bank ) and returning later (usually overnight) to check and capture any tethered fish, similar to

3168-422: Is typically used in commercial fishing, with one or more baited lines drawn through the water behind a slow moving fishing boat that is usually equipped with outriggers , downriggers and trolling motors . Trolling is used to catch economic pelagic fish such as mackerel and kingfish . Pahila (literally meaning "pulled") is a Filipino traditional shoreline trolling, uniquely using baited hooks tied to

3256-538: Is used, and when the lure catches the attention of a game fish and successfully results in biting/swallowing of the lure, the angler can detect it by watching for splashes and feeling any vibrations, rod bending and changes in line tension. Lure fishing also typically uses relatively lightweight fishing rods coupled with baitcasting reels or spinning reels. Depending on the style of lure retrieval, lure fishing can roughly be separated into power fishing , which relies on more frequent and vigorous lure retrievals to increase

3344-534: The Canadian province of Manitoba , for example, catch and release is mandatory for some species such as brook trout . Many of the jurisdictions which mandate the live release of sport fish also require the use of artificial lures and barbless hooks to minimise the chance of injury to fish. Mandatory catch and release also exists in the Republic of Ireland where it was introduced as a conservation measure to prevent

3432-556: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission did not consider the risks could be caused by an attack or an explosion before opening the plant. The NRC's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Calvert Cliffs was 1 in 100,000 for Reactor 1 and 1 in 83,333 for Reactor 2, according to an NRC study published in August 2010. In the 1960s scientists at Johns Hopkins University became concerned that

3520-658: The Mid-Atlantic United States . It is the only nuclear power plant in the state of Maryland. The plant is owned and operated by Constellation Energy and has two 2737 megawatt thermal (MWth) Combustion Engineering Generation II two-loop pressurized water reactors . Each generating plant (CCNPP 1&2) produces approximately 850 megawatt electrical (MWe) net or 900 MWe gross. Each plant's electrical load consumes approximately 50 MWe. These are saturated steam plants (non-superheated) and are approximately 33% efficient (ratio of 900 MWe gross/2700 MWth core). Only

3608-421: The specific strength and reduce the overall weight. Modern rods also may come in multi-piece or telescoping forms, which are more portable and storage-friendly. Fishing reels are manually cranked reels typically mounted onto a fishing rod, used to wind and stow fishing line when a long casting distance or a prolonged retrieval is expected. Traditional fishing reels are essentially compact windlasses with

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3696-655: The NRC extended the license of the plant for 20 additional years, making Calvert Cliffs the first nuclear plant in the United States to receive such an extension. President George W. Bush visited the plant in June 2005, the first time a president had visited a nuclear power plant in nearly two decades. UniStar Nuclear Energy announced plans to build a unit of the Evolutionary Power Reactor ( US-EPR variant) at Calvert Cliffs. UniStar Nuclear Energy,

3784-411: The angler's position; and hookbait , which is directly attached to the fish hook to entice the fish into swallowing the hook along with the bait. In colloquial usage, the word "bait" refers specifically to hookbaits, which can be further separated into three main categories: natural baits , artificial baits and lures . The choice of what bait to use is dictated mainly by the target species's diet,

3872-571: The atmosphere. The proposed EPR design was a saturated steam plant with one high-pressure turbine in tandem with three low-pressure turbines and a main generator design similar to Unit 1 and 2. Alstom was to supply the main steam turbine and main generator. On November 13, 2007, UniStar Nuclear Energy filed an application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity with the Maryland Public Service Commission for authority to construct CCNPP 3. This application

3960-426: The bait/lure is allowed to drift and react freely to the turbulences in the water current, much like how a tethered kite would behave in a wind gust. Although all angling techniques use hook and line, the term "line fishing" specifically refers to those that do not involve using fishing rods. Handlining is angling with a handheld fishing line, baited with lures or bait fish just like normal rod angling. Handlining

4048-515: The bay cooling water volume needed for Unit 1 and 2 combined. The increase in fish and shellfish impingement and entrainment will be less than 3.5% over Unit 1 and 2 existing conditions. In February 2009, Calvert Cliffs set a world record for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) by operating 692 days non-stop. In addition, Unit 2's capacity factor in 2008 was a world-record high of 101.37 percent. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants:

4136-527: The best outcome for managing fish populations. Individual fishing quota (IFQ), also known as individual transferable quota (ITQ), is a kind of catch share that sets a species -specific total allowable catch (TAC), typically by weight and for a given time period. A dedicated portion of the TAC (called "quota share") is then allocated to individual fishermen, and can typically be transferable (i.e. bought, sold or leased). As of 2008, 148 major fisheries (generally,

4224-433: The chance of anchoring into the fish's mouth , though some hookless lures are used to bait the fish nearer so it can be captured via other means such as spearing , netting / trapping or capturing by hand . In addition to rod angling, handlining , longlining and commercial trolling also employ lure fishing. Lure fishing is a popular style of recreational fishing. When fishing, a lure angler will repeatedly cast out

4312-402: The chance of luring fish; and finesse fishing , which focuses on the more lingered and vivid lure presentation within each cast-retrieval cycle to better entice fish. Rod trolling is basically a simplified version of commercial trolling (see below ), with fishing rods functioning as improvised outriggers to tow the baits/lures through the water, usually behind or beside a moving boat with

4400-457: The community. UniStar Nuclear Energy President and CEO George Vanderheyden urged the NRC to approve the air permit application. In October 2010, Constellation Energy said that it had reached an impasse in negotiations for a federal loan guarantee to build the proposed third reactor. The government sought a fee of $ 880 million on a guarantee of about $ 7.6 billion, to compensate taxpayers for the risk of default. Constellation Energy replied that such

4488-498: The decline of Atlantic salmon stocks on some rivers. In Switzerland, catch and release fishing is considered inhumane and was banned in September 2008. Barbless hooks, which can be created from a standard hook by removing the barb with pliers or can be bought, are sometimes resisted by anglers because they believe that increased fish escapes. Barbless hooks reduce handling time, thereby increasing survival. Concentrating on keeping

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4576-504: The definition of angling since they do not rely upon the use of a hook and line. Fishing seasons are set by countries or localities to indicate what kinds of fish may be caught during sport fishing (also known as angling) for a certain period of time. Fishing seasons are enforced (usually by water police ) to maintain ecological balance and to protect species of fish during their spawning period during which they are easier to catch and more physiologically vulnerable. Slot limits prohibit

4664-574: The deployment of a European reactor in the US. Unit 2 at the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant was shut down on September 5, 2013, after a malfunction during testing. It was re-opened September 10, 2013, after the required maintenance was performed. The Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant consist of two operational reactors, one additional was proposed in 2007 and withdrawn. Angling Angling (from Old English angol , meaning " hook ")

4752-669: The discharge of heated cooling water from the plant would be detrimental to a crucial element of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, the bay's famed blue crabs . Litigation pursuant to the 1970 National Environmental Policy Act led to a 1971 decision by the District of Columbia Court of Appeals requiring the Atomic Energy Commission (succeeded by the NRC in 1974) to consider the environmental impact of building and maintaining such an atomic energy plant. In 2000,

4840-857: The entire lure package is known as a rig . Common rigs with a soft plastic lure are the Texas Rig or the Carolina Rig . Some fishing lures (e.g. spoons and spinnerbaits) may not even resemble any prey in looks, and may require skilled rod movements to impart an enticing presentation to the target fish, for example in jigging and topwater fishing . Some lures, such as the flies used in fly fishing , are ultralight and even require specialized gears and techniques to be cast properly. In modern times, there are also lures that photically attract fish with LED illuminiation, as well as battery-powered "bionic" lures that are essentially primitive robot fish that can swim around without needing to be towed by

4928-402: The exhaust of the single high-pressure main turbine is slightly superheated by a two-stage reheater before delivering the superheated steam in parallel to the three low-pressure turbines. Unit 1 uses a General Electric–designed main turbine and generator, while Unit 2 uses a Westinghouse–designed main turbine and generator. The heat produced by the reactor is returned to the bay, which operates as

5016-578: The fish bites and swallows the hook, the float visually signals any forces exerted on the leader line below it, as the fisherman can then see it being pulled underwater and/or sideways. Bottom fishing, also called legering in the United Kingdom, uses a weighted tackle called a sinker tied to the end of the fishing line to keep the baited hook close to the bottom of the water, to target groundfishes such as sucker , bream , catfish and crappie . The sinker can also be used to add momentum to

5104-417: The float pulls the float deeper into the water, causing it to oscillates in and out of water in a bobbing -like fashion (hence its American English name, the "bobber"). Other bite indicators used in angling include: In angling, two broad types of baits are used: groundbait , which is thrown separately into the water in large quantities as an " appetizer " to olfactorily attract distant fish nearer to

5192-437: The habitat and weather conditions](which can alter the fish's foraging behavior), the angler's own personal preferences, and the local fishery regulations . Using an optimal angling bait can increase the chance of catching the intended fish, while conversely using an inadequate bait will greatly reduce the success rate, especially when there are other bait fishermen nearby. Natural baits are food items that are present within

5280-483: The harvest of fish where the measured lengths (from the snout to the end of the tail fin ) fall within a protected interval. These are put in action to help protect certain fish (usually juvenile ) in a given area. They generally require anglers to release captured fish if they fall within a given size range, allowing anglers to keep only smaller (though rare) or larger fish. Slot limits vary from water to water depending on what local officials believe would produce

5368-408: The hook and help casting the line to a further distance. The method can be used both with handlining and rod fishing, and can be done both from boats and from the land . Specialized fishing rods called "donkas" are also commonly used for bottom fishing, and a quiver tip (sometimes coupled with a jingle bell ) is used instead as the bite indicator. Some sinkers are replaced by feeders , which

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5456-409: The hook to pierce internally into the fish's mouth; while snagging uses very large, sharp, multi-pointed grappling hooks that actively "claw" and pierce externally into the body/gill of the fish, and hardly ever involves any hookbait. Snagging also inflicts far more mutilating injuries to the fish and makes it very difficult to heal and survive even if the fish is released alive or manages to escape

5544-409: The hook to the surface and alert the angler of a fish's presence. When angling, the fisherman (known as the angler ) will first throw the hook (i.e. " cast ") to a chosen area of water (i.e. fishing ground ), and then patiently wait for fish to approach and devour the hookbait. It is also not uncommon for the angler to scatter some loose bait ( groundbait ) around the target area before even casting

5632-448: The hook, to better attract distant fish with scents. If a fish has succumbed to its own feeding instinct and swallowed the baited hook (i.e. "bite" or "strike"), the hook point will likely pierce into and anchor itself inside the fish jaw , gullet or gill , and the fish in turn becomes firmly tethered by the fishing line. Once the fish is hooked (often colloquially called "fish-on"), any struggles and attempts to escape will pull along

5720-577: The joint venture and its plans to develop a third unit at Calvert Cliffs in Southern Maryland. The deal called for EDF to transfer 3.5 million shares it owns, valued around US$ 110 million, to Constellation and give up its seat on the Constellation board. EDF designee Samuel Minzberg resigned. In April 2011 the NRC stated that UniStar is not eligible to build a third reactor, as it is not a US owned company since Constellation pulled out of

5808-399: The lay of the line. When the game would swallow the bait, a tug on the line would cause the gorge to orient itself at right angles to the line, thereby sticking in the fish or animal's throat or gullet . Gorges evolved into the modern fishing hook which is J-shaped with a loop on one end and a sharp point on the other. Most hooks have a barb near the point to better anchor the point and prevent

5896-504: The line retrieval to prolong the struggle time and tire out the fish (i.e. "walking" the fish), before dragging it near enough to eventually lift it out of the water (known as " landing ") for a successful catch. Sometimes a hand net (or "landing net") or a long-handled hook is used to make fetching the fish easier. Angling is the principal method of recreational fishing , but commercial fisheries also use angling methods such as longlining , trotlining or trolling . In many parts of

5984-690: The line taut while fighting fish, using recurved point or "triple grip" style hooks on lures, and equipping lures that do not have them with split rings can significantly reduce escapement. Angling is also practiced in fishing tournaments, where contestants compete for prizes based on the total length or weight of a fish, usually of a pre-determined species, caught within a specified time. These contests originated as local fishing contests and have evolved to include large competitive circuits, with professional anglers that are supported by commercial endorsements. Professional anglers may gain cash prizes for placing well in tournaments. Similar competitive fishing exists at

6072-442: The line, causing the bite indicator to signal the angler, who jerks the fishing rod back to further deepen the hook anchorage (i.e. " setting the hook ") and then tries to retrieve the line back, pulling the fish closer in the process. During the line retrieval, the angler will carefully monitor the line and rod tension to avoid equipment breaking. With stronger and feistier fish, the angler might need to temporarily halt or even reverse

6160-401: The line. A bite indicator is any device that can help to notify the angler that the hook has been swallowed by a fish. There are many types of bite indicators, the oldest and most ubiquitously used being the fishing float , a lightweight marker buoy that floats at the water surface with the hook and bait suspended below it. When the fish swallows the hook, the leader line between the hook and

6248-401: The lure afar and then methodically retrieves the line, pulling the lure through the water and creating vibrations, turbulent splashes and/or a popping action in the process, which imitating a small aquatic prey such as a baitfish , a drowning insect or a frog. A skilled angler can explore many possible hiding spots for fish through lure casting such as under logs and on flats. No bite indicator

6336-407: The mouth (i.e. snagging , or "foul hooking" and "jagging" ) or the use of nets and hand hooks other than as an aid in landing a captured fish. Some species, such as bait fish , may be taken with nets, and a few for food. Sometimes, non-sport fish are considered of lesser value and it may be permissible to take them by methods like snagging, bow and arrow or spearing , none of which fall under

6424-493: The partnership in 2010. The NRC would continue to process the application, but a license would not be issued until the ownership requirements were met. The reactor was estimated to cost $ 9.6 billion. Constellation Energy merged into Exelon in 2012. In 2015 Areva, struggling with internal restructuring of its corporation, withdrew from the certification process for the US EPR reactor design, effectively putting on hold plans for

6512-577: The person pulling it along the beach, and is pulled back to the shore intermittently to check for catches. It is also called subid-subid , sibid-sibid , paguyod , pahinas , hilada, or saliwsiw , among other names, in other Philippine languages . Laws and regulations managing angling vary greatly, often regionally, within countries. These commonly include permits (licences), closed periods (seasons) where specific species are unavailable for harvest, restrictions on gear types, and quotas . Laws generally prohibit catching fish with hooks other than in

6600-436: The plant (see lower-right-center of photograph) is a very popular place for anglers . Unit 1 & 2 each takes in bay water (from the fenced-in area) to cool its steam driven turbine condensers plus other bay-water–cooled primary and secondary system heat exchangers. The bay water is pumped out at a nominal flow rate of 1.2 million gallons per minute (75,000 L/s) per unit (Unit 1 and 2) for each steam turbine condenser. The water

6688-610: The popular freshwater fish species include bass , northern pike / muskellunge , walleye , trout and anadromous salmon , tilapia , channel catfish and panfishes such as crappie , sunfish (e.g. bluegill ) and yellow perch . In Europe, Asia and Australasia , freshwater anglers often pursue species such as carp , pike , bream , tench , rudd , roach , European perch , catfish and barbel , many of which are regarded as undesirable " rough fish " in North America. In developed countries , catch and release angling

6776-485: The population. For species such as marlin, muskellunge, and bass, there is a cultural taboo among anglers against taking them for food. In many parts of the world, size limits apply to certain species, meaning fish below a certain size must, by law, be released. It is generally believed that larger fish have a greater breeding potential. Some fisheries have a slot limit that allows the taking of smaller and larger fish, but requiring that intermediate sized fish be released. It

6864-667: The prior year, UniStar vacated its Baltimore MD office and moved remaining staff to the EDF North America Headquarters in Chevy Chase MD . UniStar continues to pursue the a COL for the Calvert Cliffs Unit 3 project, however continued delays by AREVA to obtain the U.S. NRC approval of the U.S. EPR design (i.e. Design Certification) have delayed the project. This article about nuclear power and nuclear reactors for power generation

6952-1189: The risk of transmitting Myxobolus cerebralis (whirling disease), trout and salmon should not be used as bait. Anglers may increase the possibility of contamination by emptying bait buckets into fishing venues and collecting or using bait improperly. The transportation of fish from one location to another can break the law and cause the introduction of fish alien to the ecosystem. Artificial baits are edible baits that are not directly acquired via natural means, but are made from other food materials via some kind of artificial processing. These can be fish food that are either homemade (e.g. dried food paste ) or commercially purchased (e.g. boilies and feed pellets ), or prepared/processed food such as cutlets , offals , dehulled kernels (e.g. peas and corns), dairy products (cheese and curd ), bread or doughballs made from various ingredient mixtures (e.g. rice, semolina , cornmeal , bread crumbs, and fishmeal , etc.), which can be used to attract omnivorous or even herbivorous fish. In lakes in southern climates such as Florida, panfish such as sunfish will even take household wheat bread or pet food as bait. These bread bait

7040-407: The rod fixated to the gunwale . It can also be done by very slowly winding the line in (like "finesse"-type lure fishing) or even sweeping the line sideways, with the angler operating the rod from a static position (e.g. atop a jetty, pier or bridge). A variation of trolling is drift fishing , which is usually done from an unpowered boat in faster-flowing waters. The line is not actively reeled, and

7128-435: The snag. The use of the hook in angling is descended, historically, from what would today be called a gorge . The word "gorge", in this context, comes from the French word meaning "throat". Gorges were used by ancient peoples to capture fish and animals like seal, walrus and birds. A gorge was a long, thin piece of bone or stone attached by its midpoint to a thin line. The gorge would be baited so that it would rest parallel to

7216-436: The spread of zebra mussels , which are known to attach themselves onto crayfish, in various waterways throughout Europe and North America. The capture, transportation and culture of bait fish can spread damaging organisms between ecosystems , endangering them. In 2007 several American states enacted regulations designed to slow the spread of fish diseases, including viral hemorrhagic septicemia , by bait fish. Because of

7304-415: The surface at both ends of the longline, with hooked snood lines hanging vertically down along the main line. Trotlines are used for catching crabs or fish (e.g. catfish ), particularly across rivers. They can be physically set in many ways, such as tying each end to a fixed structure and span the line across the water in-between like a boom , and adjusting rest of the line with weights and floats. Slabbing

7392-408: The target fish's natural diet, which are usually animals at a lower trophic level in the food web . A natural bait angler, with few exceptions, will use a common prey species of the target fish as a bait. The natural bait used may be live food (known as a live bait ) or carcass (i.e. dead bait ), and a bait improvised from grossly intact portions of a dead animal (e.g. fish head ) is known as

7480-511: The use of a snare trap by hunters . Longlining is a commercial fishing technique that uses a long heavy line with a series of hundreds or even thousands of baited hooks hanging from the main line via branch lines called snoods . Longlines are usually operated from specialised boats called longliners , which use a special winch to haul in the line and can operate in deeper waters targeting pelagic species such as swordfish , tuna , halibut and sablefish . Droplining involves setting

7568-407: The user's rod and reel actions to successfully attract fish, and requires frequent casting and retrieving the line, and are thus more interactive and exciting. Lures can be broadly categorized into hard-body and soft-body lures , although hybrid lures with both hard and soft components are also common. Soft-body lures tend to give a more flexible and realistic "swimming" posture when towed through

7656-502: The water, while hard-body lures usually rely on stirring up more noise and turbulences . Some newer hard lure designs, however, are multi-jointed and can resemble soft lures in dynamics. Soft lures are typically coupled with a single conventional fish hook or a jighead , while hard lures commonly have more than one hooks (which are often treble hooks ). When lures are used in combination with other terminal tackles ( floats , sinkers , swivels , etc.) to produce sophisticated presentations,

7744-594: The world, a fishing licence is mandated for angling and size limits apply to certain species, meaning by law, fish below and/or above a certain size range must be released alive after capture. The popular fish species pursued by anglers, collectively known as game fish , vary with geography. Among the many species of saltwater fish that are angled for sport globally are billfish ( swordfish , sailfish and marlin ), tuna , trevally and grouper , while cod and sea bass are popular targets in Europe. In North America,

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