Opposition (45)
49-715: United Netherlands may refer to: In history [ edit ] Seventeen Provinces (1482–1581), a precursor state to the three modern states of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg Republic of the Seven United Netherlands or Dutch Republic , (1581–1795), a precursor state of the Netherlands Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815),
98-641: A certain wealth. Universal male suffrage would be granted in 1917 and women would receive suffrage in 1919. At this occasion, the electoral system was changed to proportional representation . The States General were suspended from 1940 to 1945, during the German occupation . In 1956 the number of members of the Senate was enlarged to 75, and that of the House of Representatives to 150. (joint session of both houses) The States General meets in joint session at least once
147-641: A kind of ambassadors acting with a mandate limited by instruction and obligatory consultation ( last en ruggespraak ). The States General, in which the voting was by province, each of the seven provinces having one vote, took on many executive functions after the Council of State of the Netherlands had temporarily come under English influence, due to the Treaty of Nonsuch . The States General for this reason since 1593 remained continually in session until their dissolution in 1795. The presidency rotated weekly among
196-497: A large number of people from the southern provinces emigrated north to the new republic. The centre of prosperity moved from cities in the south such as Bruges, Antwerp , Ghent , and Brussels to cities in the north, mostly in Holland, including Amsterdam , The Hague , and Rotterdam . To distinguish between the older and larger Low Countries of the Netherlands from the current country of the Netherlands, Dutch speakers usually drop
245-665: A part of the Duchy of Guelders, and the Duchy of Limburg was dependent on the Duchy of Brabant. The Lordship of Drenthe is sometimes considered part of the Lordship of Overijssel. On the other hand, the French-speaking cities of Flanders were sometimes recognised as a separate province. Therefore, in some lists Zutphen and Drenthe are replaced by There were a number of fiefdoms in the Low Countries that were not part of
294-600: A precursor state of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (its territory corresponded roughly to that of the Netherlands) United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839), a precursor state of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg Other uses [ edit ] United Netherlands (organization) , a Dutch student organization Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
343-489: A year, at the opening of the parliamentary year, when the king gives his Speech from the Throne on Prince's Day . On special occasions, such as when a States Generate vote on a marriage of a member of the royal house, an inauguration of the monarch , or the death of a member of the royal house, both houses also meet in a joint session ( Verenigde Vergadering ), with the president of the Senate presiding. They take place in
392-877: The Staten-Generaal . The "southern" States General after 1579 were a continuation of the States General as they had been under the Habsburg Netherlands. After the (re)conquest of most of the territory of the States of Brabant and of Flanders these States again sent representatives to these States General for the Southern Netherlands , together with the "obedient" provinces of the Union of Arras. The southern States General only occasionally came in session, however. The last regular session
441-901: The Burgundian Netherlands , a number of fiefs held by the House of Valois-Burgundy and inherited by the House of Habsburg in 1482, and held by Habsburg Spain from 1556. Starting in 1512, the Provinces formed the major part of the Burgundian Circle . In 1581, the Seven United Provinces seceded to form the Dutch Republic . After the Habsburg emperor Charles V had re-acquired the Duchy of Guelders from Duke William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by
490-544: The County of Flanders , corresponding roughly with the present-day provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders and French Flanders . However, when the Dutch-speaking population of Belgium sought more rights in the 19th century, the word Flanders was reused, this time to refer to the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, which is larger and contains only part of the old county of Flanders (see Flemish Movement ). Therefore,
539-671: The Eighty Years' War , which started in 1568. The seven northern provinces gained their independence as a republic called the Seven United Provinces . They were: The southern provinces, Flanders, Brabant, Namur, Hainaut, Luxembourg and the others, were restored to Spanish rule due to the military and political talent of the Duke of Parma , especially at the Siege of Antwerp (1584–1585) . Hence, these provinces became known as
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#1732765050584588-767: The Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries , i.e., what is now the Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg , and most of the French departments of Nord ( French Flanders and French Hainaut ) and Pas-de-Calais ( Artois ). Also within this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly ecclesiastical ones, such as Liège , Cambrai and Stavelot-Malmedy . The Seventeen Provinces arose from
637-671: The Netherlands consisting of the Senate ( Dutch : Eerste Kamer ) and the House of Representatives ( Dutch : Tweede Kamer ). Both chambers meet at the Binnenhof in The Hague . The States General originated in the 15th century as an assembly of all the provincial states of the Burgundian Netherlands . In 1579, during the Dutch Revolt , the States General split as the northern provinces openly rebelled against Philip II , and
686-690: The Ridderzaal (Hall of Knights) in the Binnenhof, except for the inauguration of the monarch, which occurs in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam . The rest of the time, the two chambers sit separately. Constitutionally, all functions of the parliament are given to both houses, except for the rights of initiative and amendment, which only the Tweede Kamer has. The Joint Session also appoints
735-523: The Spanish Netherlands . The County of Drenthe, surrounded by the other northern provinces, became de facto part of the Seven United Provinces, but had no voting rights in the Union of Utrecht and was therefore not considered a province. The northern Seven United Provinces kept parts of Limburg, Brabant, and Flanders during the Eighty Years' War (see Generality Lands ), which ended with
784-465: The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Artois and parts of Flanders and Hainaut ( French Flanders and French Hainaut ) were ceded to France in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries. By the mid-16th century, the Margraviate of Antwerp (Duchy of Brabant) had become the economic, political, and cultural centre of the Netherlands after its capital had shifted from the nearby Lordship of Mechelen to
833-600: The 1543 Treaty of Venlo , the Seventeen Provinces comprised: Each province had a distinct Coat of Arms. The States General of the Netherlands had itself its coat, a red shield with an armed golden lion. It was not always the same seventeen provinces represented at the Estates-General of the Netherlands . Sometimes, one delegation was included in another. In later years, the County of Zutphen became
882-459: The 16th century are often said to belong to the Dutch School ( Nederlandse School ). Although they themselves would not have objected to that term at that time, nowadays it may wrongly create the impression that they were from the current Netherlands. In fact, they were almost exclusively from current Belgium. The same confusion exists around the word Flanders . Historically, it applied to
931-655: The Catalan and Valencian Generalitat and the Estates General of France during the Ancien Régime . Several geographic place names are derived from the States General. In 1609, Henry Hudson established Dutch trade in Staten Island , New York City and named the island Staaten Eylandt after the States General. Isla de los Estados , now an Argentine island , was also named after this institution,
980-553: The Netherlands in 1848, the (now 39) members of the Senate were elected by the States-Provincial, and the members of the House of Representatives were directly elected in electoral districts (one for every 45,000 electors, so the number of members of that House became variable for a while). The House of Representatives became more powerful at the same time, as it received the important rights of inquiry and amendment , while its budgetary rights were strengthened. Formally,
1029-415: The Netherlands . After the constitutional amendment of 1848, members of the House of Representatives were directly elected, and the rights of the States General were vastly extended, practically establishing parliamentary democracy in the Netherlands. Since 1918, the members of the House of Representatives have been elected for four years using party-list proportional representation , while the 75 members of
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#17327650505841078-468: The Netherlands"). Only he and his son ever used this title. The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 determined that the Provinces should remain united in the future and inherited by the same monarch. After Charles V's abdication in 1555, his realms were divided between his son, Philip II of Spain , and his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor . The Seventeen Provinces went to his son, the king of Spain. Conflicts between Philip II and his Dutch subjects led to
1127-706: The Senate are elected by the States-Provincial every four years. On exceptional occasions as stipulated by the Constitution or the Charter for the Kingdom , the two houses form a joint session known as the United Assembly ( verenigde vergadering) . The president of the Senate serves as President of the States General during a United Assembly. Jan Anthonie Bruijn ( VVD ) has been President of
1176-548: The Senate since 2019. The archaic Dutch word staten originally related to the feudal classes (" estates ", or standen in Dutch) in which medieval European societies were stratified; the clergy, the nobility and the commons. The word eventually came to mean the political body in which the respective estates were represented. Each province in the Habsburg Netherlands had its own staten . These representative bodies (and not their constituent estates) in turn were represented in
1225-681: The Seventeen Provinces, mainly because they did not belong to the Burgundian Circle, but to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle . The largest of these were the Prince-Bishopric of Liège , including the County of Horne , and the Bishopric of Cambrai . The ethnically and culturally Dutch duchies of Cleves and Julich did not join either. In the north, there were also a few smaller entities like
1274-650: The Spanish name being a translation of the Dutch name. Abel Tasman originally gave the name Staten Landt to what would become New Zealand. Staaten River is a river in the Cape York Peninsula , Australia. Historically, the convocation of the States General consisted of delegates from the States of the several provinces, like the States of Brabant , and dated from about the middle of the 15th century, under
1323-726: The States General. Twenty per cent of the new Republic's territory, known as the Generality Lands , was so under the direct rule of the Generality ( generaliteit ). The Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company were also under its general supervision; for this reason Staten Island in New York City (originally New Amsterdam ) and Staten Island, Argentina (Discovered by Dutchman Jacob le Maire ), are among places named after
1372-579: The Union of Utrecht remained represented in the States General. The States of Brabant and of Flanders lost their representation after 1587 as most of their territory had been conquered by the Army of Flanders , and it was not restored after part of that territory (together with parts of the Duchy of Limburg ) was reconquered by the Dutch Republic. The Drenthe territory was never directly represented in
1421-425: The assembly that came to be known as Staten-Generaal (a plurale tantum ), or Algemene Staten (General States). The English word "states" may have a similar meaning as the Dutch word staten , as in e.g. States of Jersey . The English phrases "States General" is probably a literal translation of the Dutch word. Historically, the same term was used for the name of other national legislatures as, for example,
1470-507: The central government to discuss matters of general importance with the States of the provinces, especially the special subsidies known as beden or aides . Legislative and executive functions were still reserved for the Sovereign in these years At the start of the Dutch Revolt the States General (who were then not continually in session) remained loyal to the overlord of the Habsburg Netherlands , Philip II of Spain (who did not have
1519-576: The city of Brussels . Bruges (County of Flanders) had already lost its prominent position as the economic powerhouse of northern Europe, while Holland was gradually gaining importance in the 15th and 16th centuries. However, after the revolt of the seven northern provinces (1568), the Sack of Antwerp (1576), the Fall of Antwerp (1584–1585), and the resulting closure of the Scheldt river to navigation,
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1568-692: The end of the annexation to the First French Empire by Napoleon I of France in 1813. These had, however, little resemblance to the States General under the Republic. Beginning with the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands the States General was a unicameral legislature, without executive functions, in which the 55 representatives no longer represented the States-Provincial (though those newly constituted entities elected them, now acting as electoral colleges), but
1617-476: The entire people of the Netherlands and without last en ruggespraak (the Netherlands had become a unitary state under the Batavian Republic and the federal structure of the Dutch Republic was not restored). The States General became a bicameral legislature under the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, in which the 50 members of the Senate were appointed for life by the new King from
1666-508: The island of Ameland that would retain their own lords until the French Revolution . Historians came up with different variations of the list, but always with 17 members. This number could have been chosen because of its Christian connotation. The Seventeen Provinces originated from the Burgundian Netherlands . The dukes of Burgundy systematically became the lords of different provinces. Mary I of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy
1715-529: The last one being the Duchy of Guelders , in 1543. Most of these provinces were fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire . Two provinces, the County of Flanders and the County of Artois, were originally French fiefs, but sovereignty was ceded to the Empire in the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529. On 15 October, 1506, in the palace of Mechelen, the future Charles V was recognized as Heer der Nederlanden ("Lord of
1764-449: The monarch if there is no heir to the throne and the regent is unable to exercise his or her powers. An important question is whether the relationship between cabinet and parliament should be dualistic or monistic. That is, whether ministers and leaders of governing parliamentary parties should prepare important political decisions. According to the dualistic position, members of parliament of governing parties should remain independent of
1813-552: The northern States General replaced Philip II as the supreme authority of the Dutch Republic in 1581. The States General were replaced by the National Assembly after the Batavian Revolution of 1795, only to be restored in 1814, when the country had regained its sovereignty. The States General was divided into a Senate and a House of Representatives in 1815, with the establishment of the United Kingdom of
1862-526: The plural for the latter. They speak of Nederland in the singular for the current country and of de Nederlanden in the plural for the integral domains of Charles V. In other languages, this has not been adopted, though the larger area is sometimes known as the Low Countries in English. The fact that the term Netherlands has such different historical meanings can sometimes lead to difficulties in expressing oneself correctly. For example, composers from
1911-543: The position of the States General was strengthened, because henceforth the ministers of the Crown became politically accountable to them, making the role of the King largely ceremonial. With the constitutional revision of 1888 the number of members of the House of Representatives was fixed at 100, while the Senate was enlarged to 50 members. The suffrage was enlarged at the same time, but still limited to male citizens possessing
1960-590: The rebellion. After the Act of Abjuration in 1581 the northern States General replaced Philip II as the supreme authority of the northern Netherlands, which then became known as the United Provinces . This was a confederation in which most government functions remained with the provincial States (and local authorities, like the Vroedschappen ). These delegated representatives to the States General as
2009-399: The resurrected ridderschappen , representative bodies of the aristocracy, and the 110 members of the House of Representatives (55 for the North and 55 for the South) were elected by the States-Provincial (in their new form). After the Belgian Revolution of 1830 under the Kingdom of the Netherlands the States General remained bicameral, but after the revision of the Constitution of
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2058-415: The rule of the Dukes of Burgundy . The first important session was the Estates General of 1464 that met on 9 January 1464 in Bruges , Flanders , on the initiative of the States of Holland , the States of Flanders , and the States of Brabant , with the initially reluctant agreement of Philip the Good . Later, regular sessions were held at Coudenberg in Brussels , Brabant . The next important event
2107-511: The senior representatives of the provinces. Under the Union of Utrecht treaty the States General formally was the sovereign power, representing the Republic in foreign affairs and making treaties with foreign monarchs. As such the honorific title of the States General collectively was Hoogmogende Heren (mightiest, or very mighty, lords). Due to the vagaries of the Eighty Years' War in which territories were lost and (partially) reconquered, not all territories that had originally signed up for
2156-439: The territory of the County of Flanders and that of present-day Flanders do not fully match: This explains, for instance, why the province of East Flanders is not situated in the east of present-day Flanders. States General of the Netherlands Opposition (62) The States General of the Netherlands ( Dutch : Staten-Generaal [ˈstaːtə(ŋ) ɣeːnəˈraːl] ) is the supreme bicameral legislature of
2205-504: The title United Netherlands . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Netherlands&oldid=812556231 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Seventeen Provinces The Seventeen Provinces were
2254-420: The title of King in the Netherlands, but held the title of duke and count in the several provinces, and was just a Lord of the Netherlands). In 1576 the States General as a whole, however, openly rebelled against the Spanish crown. In 1579 the States General split as a number of southern provinces, united in the Union of Arras returned to obedience, while other provinces, united in the Union of Utrecht continued
2303-420: Was in 1634, when Philip IV of Spain dissolved them. The States General in both The Hague and Brussels came to an end after 1795; the South was annexed by France, and the North saw the proclamation of the Batavian Republic and the subsequent convocation of the National Assembly (1 March 1796). The name Staten-Generaal was resurrected in the title of subsequent Dutch parliaments in and after 1814, after
2352-402: Was the convocation of the States General by the ducal Council for 3 February 1477 after the death of Charles the Bold . In this session the States General forced the grant of the Great Privilege by Mary of Burgundy in which the right of the States General to convene on their own initiative was recognised. The main function of the States General in these early years was to form a platform for
2401-480: Was the last of the House of Burgundy . Mary married Archduke Maximilian in 1477, and the provinces were acquired by the House of Habsburg on her death in 1482, with the exception of the Duchy of Burgundy itself, which, with an appeal to Salic law , had been reabsorbed into France upon the death of Mary's father, Charles the Bold . Maximilian and Mary's grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain, eventually united all 17 provinces under his rule,
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