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82-465: With the release of Mac OS X Snow Leopard , and before that, since the move to 64-bit architectures in general, some software publishers such as Mozilla have used the term "universal" to refer to a fat binary that includes builds for both i386 (32-bit Intel) and x86_64 systems. The same mechanism that is used to select between the PowerPC or Intel builds of an application is also used to select between

164-520: A 25 MHz 486 and 30 MHz 68040, including floating-point unit support, with the product aiming for mid-1993 production at a per-unit cost of $ 50 to 60 . Amidst the apparent proliferation of emulation support in processors such as the PowerPC 615 , in 1994, IMS had reportedly filed a patent on its emulation technology but had not found any licensees. Repeated delays to the introduction of this product, blamed on one occasion on "a need to improve

246-497: A C -based programming language with a structure that is already familiar to Mac OS X programmers, who can use Xcode developer tools to adapt their programs to work with OpenCL. Only the most process intensive parts of the application need to be written in OpenCL C without affecting the rest of the code. OpenCL is an open standard that has been supported by AMD , Intel , and Nvidia ; it is maintained by Khronos Group . It serves

328-465: A scaled indexing address mode, and added another level of indirection to many of the pre-existing modes. Most instructions have dot-letter suffixes, permitting operations to occur on 8-bit bytes (".b"), 16-bit words (".w"), and 32-bit longs (".l"). Most instructions are dyadic , that is, the operation has a source, and a destination, and the destination is changed. Notable instructions were: Motorola mainly used even numbers for major revisions to

410-511: A 64-bit kernel by default; newer iMac and MacBook Pro machines can run a 64-bit kernel, but will not do so by default. Users wishing to use the 64-bit kernel on those machines must hold down the numbers 6 and 4 on the keyboard while booting to get the 64-bit kernel to load. A change to the com.apple.Boot.plist will also enable users with compatible computers to permanently boot into 64-bit for those wishing to do so. Stuart Harris, software product marketing manager at Apple Australia, said, "For

492-458: A 68000 as its main processor; it drove several others to perform 3D animation in a computer that could easily apply Gouraud and Phong shading. It ran a modified Motorola VERSAdos operating system. People who are familiar with the PDP-11 or VAX usually feel comfortable with the 68000 series. With the exception of the split of general-purpose registers into specialized data and address registers,

574-448: A RISC for its processor, as its competitors, with their PostScript clones, had already gone with RISCs, often an AMD 29000-series. The early 68000-based Adobe PostScript interpreters and their hardware were named for Cold War -era U.S. rockets and missiles: Atlas, Redstone, etc. Microcontrollers derived from the 68000 family have been used in a huge variety of applications. CPU32 and ColdFire microcontrollers have been manufactured in

656-480: A bug that frequently prevented DNS queries from returning IPv6 addresses . This was resolved in 10.6.8. At the WWDC in 2009, Apple stated that Snow Leopard features no new major visual changes. Instead, the release focuses on refining the operating system to enable better performance. OSNews reported that Mac OS X Snow Leopard was well received by critics. Engadget reviewed Snow Leopard and pointed out that

738-603: A clean install. But he complained of slowness even after his clean install. He wrote, "I ended up downgrading back to OSX 10.5.8" then he concluded by writing, "I might try to do it again but it won't be till Apple releases at least 2 major fix updates. If you want to roll the dice and try, go ahead... your upgrade might work, however, random installs not working is not good for me. Lesson learned --- I'll wait." The single-user upgrade and Family Pack units of Snow Leopard ranked 1 and 2 respectively on Amazon.com 's software bestseller charts when Apple announced it would release it within

820-630: A discounted price through its "up-to-date" program, provided that customers' orders were faxed or postmarked by December 26, 2009. The standalone retail version of Snow Leopard is marketed as being restricted to users of Mac OS X Leopard , while the recommended upgrade path from Apple for Mac OS X Tiger is through the " Mac Box Set ", which includes Mac OS X Snow Leopard and the current versions of iLife and iWork . There are three licenses available. These licenses differ in their requirements for pre-installed versions of Mac OS X: If you have purchased an Upgrade for Mac OS X Leopard license, then subject to

902-534: A list of applications with known compatibility issues with Snow Leopard. Printer and scanner drivers used by previous versions of Mac OS X are not compatible with Snow Leopard and will be replaced during Snow Leopard installation. Since the initial release of Snow Leopard many manufacturers have provided compatible drivers that are available via Software Update. If a native driver is not available Snow Leopard also includes CUPS and Gutenprint open source drivers that may provide limited functionality. 10.6.0 introduced

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984-637: A refinement of the previous OS X version, Leopard. Much of the software in Mac OS X was extensively rewritten for this release in order to take full advantage of modern Macintosh hardware and software technologies ( 64-bit , Cocoa , etc.). New programming frameworks, such as OpenCL , were created, allowing software developers to use graphics cards in their applications. It was also the first Mac OS release since System 7.1.1 to not support Macs using PowerPC processors, as Apple dropped support for them and focused on Intel-based products . As support for Rosetta

1066-679: A revised 68060, likely with a superior FPU (pipelining was widely speculated upon on Usenet). There was a CPU with the 68070 designation, which was a licensed and somewhat slower version of the 16/32-bit 68000 with a basic DMA controller, I²C host and an on-chip serial port. This 68070 was used as the main CPU in the Philips CD-i . This CPU was, however, produced by Philips and not officially part of Motorola's 680x0 lineup. The 4th-generation 68060 provided equivalent functionality (though not instruction-set-architecture compatibility) to most of

1148-478: A similar purpose to Nvidia 's C for CUDA and Microsoft 's Direct3D 11 compute shaders. It only works with the following Mac GPUs: NVIDIA GeForce 320M, GT 330M, 9400M, 9600M GT, 8600M GT, GT 120, GT 130, GTX 285, 8800 GT, 8800 GS, Quadro FX 4800, FX 5600 and ATI Radeon HD 4670, HD 4850, HD 4870, HD 5670, HD 5750, HD 5770, HD 5870, HD 6490M, HD 6750M, HD 6770M, HD 6970M. If the system does not possess one of these compatible GPUs, OpenCL code will instead execute on

1230-528: A universal binary, but a complex application designed to take advantage of architecture-specific features might require substantial modification. Applications originally built using other development tools might require additional modification. These reasons have been given for the delay between the introduction of Intel-based Macintosh computers and the availability of third-party applications in universal binary format. Apple's delivery of Intel-based computers several months ahead of their previously announced schedule

1312-414: A welcome video at first boot after installation. Reception of Snow Leopard was positive; see the section below. Apple states the following basic Snow Leopard system requirements are: Additional requirements to use certain features: Snow Leopard drops support for PowerPC -based Macs (e.g., Power Macs , PowerBooks , iBooks , iMacs (G4 and G5), all eMacs , plus pre-February 2006 Mac Minis and

1394-453: Is a must-have (especially with Outlook for Mac on the way). With a ton of technological improvements, Snow Leopard is worth the $ 29 upgrade fee." On October 21, 2009, SFGate blogger Yobie Benjamin wrote that the "MacBook Pro that came preloaded with Snow Leopard kicks butt and is a screaming fast machine", but "when I tried to upgrade one of my 'older' MacBooks, it was a fricking disaster from hell". Apart from upgrading, Benjamin also tried

1476-453: Is a new blue and gray, as well as a solid kelp which serves as the "green wallpaper." The default "space nebula" wallpaper has been updated as well. Mac OS X Tiger added limited support for 64-bit applications on machines with 64-bit processors; Leopard extended the support for 64-bit applications to include applications using most of Mac OS X's libraries and frameworks. In Snow Leopard, most built-in applications have been rebuilt to use

1558-408: Is another factor in this gap. Apple's Xcode 2.4 takes the concept of universal binaries even further, by allowing four-architecture binaries to be created (32- and 64-bit for both Intel and PowerPC), therefore allowing a single executable to take full advantage of the CPU capabilities of any Mac OS X machine. Many software developers have provided universal binary updates for their products since

1640-416: Is designed to have backward compatibility with older versions of Mac OS X running on older hardware. The new Universal 2 binary format was introduced at the 2020 Worldwide Developers Conference. Universal 2 allows applications to run on both Intel x86-64 -based and ARM64 -based Macintosh computers, to enable the transition to Apple silicon . There are two general alternative solutions. The first

1722-745: Is more vulnerable to attack than Microsoft Windows for lacking full address space layout randomization (ASLR) since Mac OS X Leopard, a technology that Microsoft started implementing in Windows Vista . The Safari web browser has received updates to version 6.0 in Lion and Mountain Lion, but not in Snow Leopard. Snow Leopard breaks compatibility with several older versions of some applications, such as Parallels Desktop 3.0, versions of Aperture before 2.1.1, and versions of Keynote before 2.0.2, among other software. Apple has also published

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1804-453: Is no longer part of the OS. Apple has used the same binary format as Universal Binaries for iOS applications by default on multiple occasions of architectural co-existence: around 2010 during the armv6-armv7-armv7s transition and around 2016 during the armv7-arm64 transition. The App Store automatically thins the binaries. No trade names were derived for this practice, as it is only a concern of

1886-470: Is separate from the carry flag . This permits the extra bit from arithmetic, logic, and shift operations to be separated from the carry for flow-of-control and linkage. While the 68000 had a 'supervisor mode', it did not meet the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements due to the single instruction 'MOVE from SR', which copies the status register to another register, being unprivileged but sensitive. In

1968-634: Is the lipo command found in Xcode . The file command on macOS and several other Unix-like systems can identify Mach-O universal binaries and report architecture support. Snow Leopard 's System Profiler provides this information on the Applications tab. Mac OS X Snow Leopard Mac OS X Snow Leopard (version 10.6) (also referred to as OS X Snow Leopard ) is the seventh major release of macOS , Apple 's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Snow Leopard

2050-628: Is the stack pointer , and assemblers accept the label SP as equivalent to A7. In addition, it has a 16-bit status register. The upper 8 bits is the system byte, and modification of it is privileged. The lower 8 bits is the user byte, also known as the condition code register (CCR), and modification of it is not privileged. The 68000 comparison, arithmetic, and logic operations modify condition codes to record their results for use by later conditional jumps. The condition code bits are "zero" (Z), "carry" (C), "overflow" (V), "extend" (X), and "negative" (N). The "extend" (X) flag deserves special mention, because it

2132-403: Is to simply provide two separate binaries, one compiled for the x86 architecture and one for the PowerPC architecture. However, this can be confusing to software users unfamiliar with the difference between the two, although the confusion can be remedied through improved documentation, or the use of hybrid CDs . The other alternative is to rely on emulation of one architecture by a system running

2214-570: The AIM alliance . 68010 : 68020 : 68030 : 68040 : 68060 : The 680x0 line of processors has been used in a variety of systems, from high-end Texas Instruments calculators (the TI-89 , TI-92 , and Voyage 200 lines) to all of the members of the Palm Pilot series that run Palm OS 1.x to 4.x (OS 5.x is ARM -based), and even radiation-hardened versions in the critical control systems of

2296-852: The Capcom System I (Arcade), the AT&;T UNIX PC , the Tandy Model 16/16B/6000 , the Sun Microsystems Sun-1 , Sun-2 and Sun-3 , the NeXT Computer , NeXTcube , NeXTstation , and NeXTcube Turbo , early Silicon Graphics IRIS workstations, the Aesthedes , computers from MASSCOMP , the Texas Instruments TI-89 / TI-92 calculators, the Palm Pilot (all models running Palm OS 4.x or earlier),

2378-780: The Control Data Corporation CDCNET Device Interface, the VTech Precomputer Unlimited and the Space Shuttle . Although no modern desktop computers are based on processors in the 680x0 series, derivative processors are still widely used in embedded systems . Motorola ceased development of the 680x0 series architecture in 1994, replacing it with the PowerPC RISC architecture, which was developed in conjunction with IBM and Apple Computer as part of

2460-763: The Finder was completely rewritten in Cocoa , it did not receive a major user interface overhaul. Instead, the interface has been modified in several areas to promote ease of use. These changes include: As with most upgrades of Mac OS X, new wallpapers are available. There are new wallpapers in the Nature (two of which are of snow leopards ), Plants and Black and White sub-folders under the Apple folder. Furthermore, there are new Apple wallpaper sub-folders with multiple wallpapers: New solid colors can be used as wallpapers as well. There

2542-562: The H.264 decoder in QuickTime and browser plug-ins as a separate process in Safari . Secure virtual memory was an option in earlier releases on Snow Leopard, but the checkbox to disable it was removed later. An anti- malware feature was also added to the system that alerts the user if malware is detected. Mac OS X 10.6.8 added regular malware definition updates. Computer security researcher Charlie Miller claims that OS X Snow Leopard

Universal binary - Misplaced Pages Continue

2624-501: The Mac App Store introduced in the Snow Leopard 10.6.6 update. Snow Leopard is the last version of Mac OS X that supports the 32-bit Intel Core Solo and Intel Core Duo CPUs . Because of this, Snow Leopard still remained somewhat popular alongside OS X Lion, despite its lack of continued support, mostly because of its ability to run PowerPC-based applications. Snow Leopard is also the last release of Mac OS X to ship with

2706-468: The Motorola 68010 and later, this was made privileged, to better support virtualization software. The 68000 series instruction set can be divided into the following broad categories: The Motorola 68020 added some new instructions that include some minor improvements and extensions to the supervisor state, several instructions for software management of a multiprocessing system (which were removed in

2788-614: The P5 Pentium line, but it was not nearly as widely used as its predecessors, since much of the old 68000 marketplace was either defunct or nearly so (as was the case with Atari and NeXT), or converting to newer architectures ( PowerPC for the Macintosh and Amiga , SPARC for Sun , and MIPS for Silicon Graphics (SGI)). There are dozens of processor architectures that are successful in embedded systems . Some are microcontrollers which are much simpler, smaller, and cheaper than

2870-655: The Power Mac G4 Cube ), although PowerPC applications are supported via Rosetta , which is now an optional install. In 2020, two developer previews of Snow Leopard that are universal appeared on the Internet that can be booted on select G4 and G5 Power Macs with modification and patching. Snow Leopard is available as an upgrade for Intel-based Macintosh computers. Single-user licenses and "family pack" licenses for up to five computers are available. For qualifying Mac computers bought after June 8, 2009, Apple offered

2952-588: The QUICC and the DragonBall . With the advent of FPGA technology an international team of hardware developers have re-created the 68000 with many enhancements as an FPGA core. Their core is known as the 68080 and is used in Vampire-branded Amiga accelerators. Magnetic Scrolls used a subset of the 68000's instructions as a base for the virtual machine in their text adventures . During

3034-521: The Space Shuttle . The 680x0 CPU family became most well known for powering desktop computers and video game consoles such as the Macintosh 128K , Amiga , Sinclair QL , Atari ST , Genesis / Mega Drive , NG AES / Neo Geo CD , CDTV . They were the processors of choice in the 1980s for Unix workstations and servers such as AT&T's UNIX PC , Tandy's Model 16/16B/6000 , Sun Microsystems' Sun-1 , Sun-2 , Sun-3 , NeXT Computer , Silicon Graphics (SGI), and numerous others. The Saturn uses

3116-469: The sleep proxy service implemented in AirPort and Time Capsule routers, so that the computer can sleep while the router responds to mDNS queries. Should the request require the host computer to wake up , the router sends the necessary special wake-up-packet to the sleeping computer. Apple strengthened Mac OS X by implementing stack protection , and sandboxing more Mac OS X components such as

3198-412: The "Single Use" license: The Snow Leopard single user license will be available for a suggested retail price of $ 29 (US) (emphasis added) However, even if the retail edition of Snow Leopard is in fact a "Leopard Upgrade", the company has acknowledged that there is no technical barrier in that edition preventing a direct upgrade from Mac OS X "Tiger". The Leopard Upgrade license explicitly applies to

3280-830: The 1980s and early 1990s, they were popular in personal computers and workstations and were the primary competitors of Intel 's x86 microprocessors. They were best known as the processors used in the early Apple Macintosh , the Sharp X68000 , the Commodore Amiga , the Sinclair QL , the Atari ST and Falcon , the Atari Jaguar , the Sega Genesis (Mega Drive) and Sega CD , the Philips CD-i ,

3362-457: The 1980s and early 1990s, when the 68000 was widely used in desktop computers, it mainly competed against Intel 's x86 architecture used in IBM PC compatibles . Generation 1 68000 CPUs competed against mainly the 16-bit 8086 , 8088 , and 80286 . Generation 2 competed against the 80386 (the first 32-bit x86 processor), and generation 3 against the 80486 . The fourth generation competed with

Universal binary - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-428: The 2005 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a means to ease the transition from the existing PowerPC architecture to systems based on Intel processors, which began shipping in 2006. Universal binaries typically include both PowerPC and x86 versions of a compiled application. The operating system detects a universal binary by its header, and executes the appropriate section for the architecture in use. This allows

3526-877: The 2005 WWDC. As of December 2008, Apple's website listed more than 7,500 Universal applications. On April 16, 2007, Adobe Systems announced the release of Adobe Creative Suite 3 , the first version of the application suite in the Universal Binary format. From 2006 to 2010, many Mac OS X applications were ported to Universal Binary format, including QuarkXPress , Apple's own Final Cut Studio , Adobe Creative Suite , Microsoft Office 2008 , and Shockwave Player with version 11 - after that time most were made Intel-only apps. Non-Universal 32-bit PowerPC programs will run on Intel Macs running Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5, and 10.6 (in most cases), but with non-optimal performance, since they must be translated on-the-fly by Rosetta ; they will not run on Mac OS X 10.7 Lion and later as Rosetta

3608-465: The 32-bit or 64-bit builds of either PowerPC or Intel architectures. Apple, however, continued to require native compatibility with both PowerPC and Intel in order to grant third-party software publishers permission to use Apple's trademarks related to universal binaries. Apple does not specify whether or not such third-party software publishers must (or should) bundle separate builds for all architectures. Universal binaries were introduced into Mac OS at

3690-447: The 64-bit x86-64 architecture (excluding iTunes , Front Row , Grapher and DVD Player applications). They will run in 32-bit mode on machines with 32-bit processors, and in 64-bit mode on machines with 64-bit processors. In addition, the Mac OS X kernel has been rebuilt to run in 64-bit mode on some machines. On those machines, Snow Leopard supports up to 16 terabytes of RAM. Newer Xserve and Mac Pro machines will run

3772-616: The 68000 architecture is in many ways a 32-bit PDP-11. It had a more orthogonal instruction set than those of many processors that came before (e.g., 8080) and after (e.g., x86). That is, it was typically possible to combine operations freely with operands, rather than being restricted to using certain addressing modes with certain instructions. This property made programming relatively easy for humans, and also made it easier to write code generators for compilers. The 68000 series has eight 32-bit general-purpose data registers (D0-D7), and eight address registers (A0-A7). The last address register

3854-542: The 68000 for audio processing and other I/O tasks, while the Jaguar includes a 68000 intended for basic system control and input processing, but was frequently used for running game logic. Many arcade boards also use 68000 processors including those from Capcom, SNK, and Sega. The first several versions of Adobe's PostScript interpreters were 68000-based. The 68000 in the Apple LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus

3936-478: The 68030 instruction set and reportedly offering a performance rating of 16 VAX MIPS. Similar deals with Nixdorf Computer and Hitachi were also signed in 1989. Edge Computer reportedly had an agreement with Motorola. Despite increasing competition from RISC products, Edgcore sought to distinguish its products in the market by emphasising its "alliance" with Motorola, employing a marketing campaign drawing from Aesop's fables with "the fox (Edgecore) who climbs on

4018-481: The 68060 was in development, that the Intel 80486 was not progressing as quickly as Motorola assumed it would, and that 68060 was a demanding project, the 68050 was cancelled early in development. There is also no revision of the 68060 , as Motorola was in the process of shifting away from the 68000 and 88k processor lines into its new PowerPC business, so the 68070 was never developed. Had it been, it would have been

4100-412: The 68060), some support for high-level languages which did not get used much (and was removed from future 680x0 processors), bigger multiply (32×32→64 bits) and divide (64÷32→32 bits quotient and 32 bits remainder) instructions, and bit field manipulations. The standard addressing modes are: Plus: access to the status register , and, in later models, other special registers. The Motorola 68020 added

4182-609: The Apple Software on a single Apple-branded computer at a time. It is not entirely clear which license is offered with the retail version of Snow Leopard. As noted above, Apple's website advertised this version as an "upgrade from Mac OS X Leopard for $ 29" and suggest that others upgrade using the Mac Box Set, implying the stand-alone retail version to be a "Leopard Upgrade" license. On the other hand, some Apple press materials appear to indicate that this version is, in fact,

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4264-491: The CPU core such as 68000, 68020, 68040 and 68060. The 68010 was a revised version of the 68000 with minor modifications to the core, and likewise the 68030 was a revised 68020 with some more powerful features, none of them significant enough to classify as a major upgrade to the core. There was no 68050, though at one point it was a project within Motorola. Odd-numbered releases had always been reactions to issues raised within

4346-469: The Up-To-Date Program (US$ 9.95) for Macs bought between June 8 and December 26, 2009 and the installation discs provided through this program are clearly marked as upgrades unlike either of the retail editions. Mac OS X Snow Leopard is a release that refined the existing feature set, expanded the technological capabilities of the operating system, and improved application efficiency. Many of

4428-733: The application to run natively on any supported architecture, with no negative performance impact beyond an increase in the storage space taken up by the larger binary. Starting with Mac OS X Snow Leopard, only Intel-based Macs are supported, so software that specifically depends upon capabilities present only in Mac OS X 10.6 or newer will only run on Intel-based Macs and therefore does not require Intel/PPC fat binaries. Additionally, starting with OS X Lion , only 64-bit Intel Macs are supported, so software that specifically depends on new features in OS X 10.7 or newer will only run on 64-bit processors and therefore does not require 32-bit/64-bit fat binaries. Fat binaries would only be necessary for software that

4510-457: The back of the stallion (Motorola) to pluck fruit off the higher branches of the tree". Other folktale advertising themes such as Little Red Riding Hood were employed. With the company's investors having declined to finance the company further, and with a number of companies having been involved in discussions with other parties, Arix Corp . announced the acquisition of Edgcore in July 1989. Arix

4592-505: The basis of comments made by an Intel representative who had characterised TechSearch's business model unfavourably in remarks to the press. After the mainline 68000 processors' demise, the 68000 family has been used to some extent in microcontroller and embedded microprocessor versions. These chips include the ones listed under "other" above, i.e. the CPU32 (aka 68330 ), the ColdFire ,

4674-468: The binary format underlying the universal binary. Apple previously used a similar technique during the transition from 68k processors to PowerPC in the mid-1990s. These dual-platform executables are called fat binaries , referring to their larger file size. Apple's Xcode 2.1 supports the creation of these files, a new feature in that release. A simple application developed with processor-independence in mind might require very few changes to compile as

4756-466: The changes involve how the system works in the background and are not intended to be seen by the user. For example, the Finder application was completely rewritten in the Cocoa application programming interface , from its previous Carbon codebase. Despite significant changes in the software, users will experience almost no changes in the user interface. Snow Leopard includes the following changes: While

4838-492: The chip's speech-processing capabilities", apparently led to the company seeking to introduce another chip, the Meta6000 , aiming to compete with Intel's P6 products. Ultimately, IMS entered bankruptcy having sold patents to a litigator, TechSearch, who in 1998 attempted to sue Intel for infringement of an IMS patent. TechSearch reportedly lost their case but sought to appeal, also seeking to sue Intel for "libel and slander" on

4920-515: The company introduced the Edge 1000 range of "32-bit superminicomputers implementing the Motorola instruction set in the Edge mainframe architecture", employing two independent pipelines - an instruction fetch pipeline (IFP) and operand executive pipeline (OEP) - relying on a branch prediction unit featuring a 4096-entry branch cache, retrieving instructions and operands over multiple buses. An agreement between Edge Computer and Olivetti subsequently led to

5002-434: The developer. On June 22, 2020, Apple announced a two-year permanent transition from Intel x86-64 -based processors to ARM64 -based Apple silicon beginning with macOS Big Sur in late 2020. To aid in this transition, a new Universal 2 binary was introduced to enable applications to be run on either x86-64 -based processors or ARM64-based processors. The main tool for handling (creating or splitting) universal binaries

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5084-574: The early 2009 Mac Mini and MacBook may be capable of running the 64-bit kernel; however, Apple has set these models to boot into the 32-bit kernel. With some tweaking, the Unibody MacBook can be set to boot the 64-bit kernel. Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) uses the multiple processor cores now in every new Macintosh for more efficient performance. Due to the complexity of multithreaded programming and technical difficulties traditionally involved in making applications optimized for multicore CPUs,

5166-613: The features of the Intel P5 microarchitecture . The Personal Computers XT/370 and AT/370 PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes each included two modified Motorola 68000 processors with custom microcode to emulate S/370 mainframe instructions. An Arizona-based company, Edge Computer Corp , reportedly founded by former Honeywell designers, produced processors compatible with the 68000 series, these being claimed as having "a three to five times performance – and 18 to 24 months’ time – advantage" over Motorola's own products. In 1987,

5248-470: The latter introducing products in its own "Linea Duo" range based on Edge Computer's machines. The company was subsequently renamed to Edgcore Technology Inc. (also reported as Edgecore Technology Inc. ). Edgcore's deal with Olivetti in 1987 to supply the company's E1000 processor was followed in 1989 by another deal with Philips Telecommunications Data Systems to supply the E2000 processor, this supporting

5330-463: The launch of Mac OS X Leopard , the second longest time span between successive Mac OS X releases (the time span between Tiger and Leopard was the longest). The goals of Snow Leopard were improved performance, greater efficiency and the reduction of its overall memory footprint , unlike previous versions of Mac OS X which focused more on new features. Apple famously marketed Snow Leopard as having "zero new features". Its name signified its goal to be

5412-484: The majority of computer applications do not effectively use multiple processor cores. As a result, additional processing power, compared to single-core machines, often goes unused. Grand Central Dispatch includes APIs to help programmers efficiently use these cores for parallel programming. Grand Central Dispatch abstracts the notion of threads away, and instead provides developers with the concept of queues—lists of jobs ( blocks of code ) that need to be executed. GCD takes

5494-543: The millions as automotive engine controllers. Many proprietary video editing systems used 68000 processors, such as the MacroSystem Casablanca, which was a black box with an easy to use graphic interface (1997). It was intended for the amateur and hobby videographer market. It is also worth noting its earlier, bigger and more professional counterpart, the "DraCo" (1995). The groundbreaking Quantel Paintbox series of early based 24-bit paint and effects system

5576-485: The most part, everything that they experience on the Mac, from the 64-bit point of view, the applications, the operating system, is all going to be 64-bit, but that at this stage there were very few things, such as device drivers, that required 64-bit mode at the kernel level". With Mac OS X Snow Leopard only the following Apple computers run or are capable of running the 64-bit kernel: ^* Amit Singh has reported that

5658-406: The other architecture. This approach results in lower performance, and is generally regarded an interim solution to be used only until universal binaries or specifically compiled binaries are available as with Rosetta . Universal binaries are larger than single-platform binaries, because multiple copies of the compiled code must be stored. However, because some non-executable resources are shared by

5740-426: The power of graphics processing units (GPUs) to leverage them in any application, and not just for graphics-intensive applications like 3D games. OpenCL automatically optimizes for the kind of graphics processor in the Mac, adjusting itself to the available processing power. OpenCL provides consistent numeric precision and accuracy, fixing a problem that has hampered GPU-based programming in the past. OpenCL includes

5822-538: The price of Snow Leopard dropped from the $ 129 Apple charged for previous versions of Mac OS X to $ 29. Engadget's opinion was that this could be largely because most users would not see a noticeable change in the look and feel of the system. However, most reviews commented on the large improvement in speed of the native Mac OS X applications Finder , iCal , Mail , etc. CNET editors gave it 4 stars out of 5, stating "Intel Mac users will like Snow Leopard's smartly designed interface enhancements, and its Exchange support

5904-473: The prior even numbered part; hence, it was generally expected that the 68050 would have reduced the 68040's power consumption (and thus heat dissipation), improved exception handling in the FPU, used a smaller feature size and optimized the microcode in line with program use of instructions. Many of these optimizations were included with the 68060 and were part of its design goals. For any number of reasons, likely that

5986-571: The responsibility of distributing the jobs among actual threads and cores , and clearing up unused memory created by inactive or old threads to achieve maximum performance. Apple is also releasing APIs for Grand Central Dispatch for developers to use in their applications and also to analyze specific blocks of code running on Grand Central Dispatch. A new C and Objective-C language feature named " Blocks " facilitates creation of code that will easily optimize to take advantage of Grand Central Dispatch. OpenCL (Open Computing Language) addresses

6068-577: The system's CPU. CUPS (the printing system used in many Unix-like operating systems) has been updated to version 1.4 which provides improved driver, networking, and Kerberos support along with performance improvements. CUPS 1.4 is also the first implementation of the Internet Printing Protocol version 2.1. Power management has been improved, with implementation of a new wake on demand feature supported on more recent Macintosh hardware. Wake on demand takes advantage of

6150-428: The terms and conditions of this License, you are granted a limited non-exclusive license to install, use and run one (1) copy of the Apple Software on a single Apple-branded computer as long as that computer has a properly licensed copy of Mac OS X Leopard already installed on it. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License ... you are granted a limited non-exclusive license to install, use and run one (1) copy of

6232-708: The two architectures, the size of the resulting universal binary can be, and usually is, smaller than the combined sizes of two individual binaries. They also do not require extra RAM because only one of those two copies is loaded for execution. The concept of a universal binary originated with " Multi-Architecture Binaries " in NeXTSTEP , the main architectural foundation of Mac OS X . NeXTSTEP supports universal binaries so that one executable image can run on multiple architectures, including Motorola 's m68k , Intel 's x86 , Sun Microsystems 's SPARC , and Hewlett-Packard 's PA-RISC . NeXTSTEP and macOS use Mach-O archive as

6314-425: The week. Testmac.com highlighted other unexpected improvements including the release of a new version of Boot Camp , version 3.0, a cleaner, popup software update process and screen and video recording in the new QuickTime Player . 68k The Motorola 68000 series (also known as 680x0 , m68000 , m68k , or 68k ) is a family of 32-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) microprocessors . During

6396-531: Was clocked faster than the version used then in Macintosh computers. A fast 68030 in later PostScript interpreters, including the standard resolution LaserWriter IIntx, IIf and IIg (also 300 dpi), the higher resolution LaserWriter Pro 600 series (usually 600 dpi, but limited to 300 dpi with minimum RAM installed) and the very high resolution Linotronic imagesetters, the 200PS (1500+ dpi) and 300PS (2500+ dpi). Thereafter, Adobe generally preferred

6478-580: Was dropped in Mac OS X Lion , Snow Leopard is the last version of Mac OS X that is able to run PowerPC-only applications. Snow Leopard was succeeded by OS X Lion (version 10.7) on July 20, 2011. For several years, Apple continued to sell Snow Leopard at its online store for the benefit of users that required Snow Leopard in order to upgrade to later versions of OS X. Snow Leopard was the last version of Mac OS X to be distributed primarily through optical disc , as all further releases were mainly distributed through

6560-575: Was originally released in 1981 and during its lifetime it used nearly the entire range of 68000 family processors, with the sole exception of the 68060, which was never implemented in its design. Another contender in the video arena, the Abekas 8150 DVE system, used the 680EC30, and the Play Trinity, later renamed Globecaster, uses several 68030s. The Bosch FGS-4000/4500 Video Graphics System manufactured by Robert Bosch Corporation, later BTS (1983), used

6642-463: Was publicly unveiled on June 9, 2008 at Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference . On August 28, 2009, it was released worldwide, and was made available for purchase from Apple's website and retail stores at the price of $ 29 USD for a single-user license. As a result of the low price, initial sales of Snow Leopard were significantly higher than that of its predecessors whose price started at $ 129 USD. The release of Snow Leopard came nearly two years after

6724-527: Was reportedly able to renew its deal with Hitachi in 1990, whereas the future of previous deals with Olivetti and Philips remained in some doubt after the acquisition of Edgcore. In 1992, a company called International Meta Systems (IMS) announced a RISC-based CPU, the IMS 3250 , that could reportedly emulate the "Intel 486 or Motorola 68040 at full native speeds and at a fraction of their cost". Clocked at 100  MHz , emulations had supposedly been developed of

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