Dog Latin, or cod Latin is a phrase or jargon that imitates Latin , often by what is referred to as "translating" English words (or those of other languages) into Latin by conjugating or declining them, as if they were Latin words. Dog Latin usually is a humorous device mocking scholarly seriousness. The term can also refer to a poor-quality attempt at writing genuine Latin.
29-419: Univisium ( macaronic Latin for "unity of images") is a proposed universal film format created by cinematographer Vittorio Storaro , ASC , AIC and his son, Fabrizio, to unify all future theatrical and television films into one respective aspect ratio of 2:1. The 2:1 aspect ratio was first used in the 1950s (April 1, 1953) for one of the two flat formats that Universal Pictures developed (alongside 1.85:1),
58-469: A nymph divine? Her voice as a flute is dulcis; Her oculus bright, her manus white, And soft when I tacto her pulse is. (Chorus) O how bella my puella I'll kiss sæcula sæculorum; If I've luck, sir, she's my uxor, O dies benedictorum. Intermittent movement An intermittent mechanism or intermittent movement is a device or movement which regularly advances an object, web , or plastic film and then holds it in place. This process
87-584: A new film format, originally to be called Univision , in an interview with International Photographer magazine. As Storaro stated in his written proposal, "Recently, any movie – no matter how big or small, successful or not – will, after a very short life on the big screen, have a much longer life on an electronic screen. Today the answer print is made for both of these two different media. ...Having these two different media, with essentially two different aspect ratios, each of us (directors, production designers, cinematographers, camera Operators, etc.) shares
116-510: A production that shot the same overall length of time as a four-perforation film would use 25% less film. The proposal also points out that the 2.00:1 aspect ratio can be achieved using standard spherical lenses, which, compared to their anamorphic counterparts, are cheaper, faster (require less light), and have more photographic depth of field and less visual imperfections. There is also a greater selection of spherical prime and zoom lenses than there are anamorphic lenses. 3-perf also results in
145-505: A quieter camera than 4-perf as there is less intermittent movement per frame. The format also calls for shooting 25 frames per second, which eliminates problems associated with transferring film to video in the PAL and SECAM system and is still fairly simple to transfer to the NTSC video format. Storaro suggests a renovation to standard film projectors to present a 3-perf frame and eliminate
174-445: A rat Caesar sick in omnibus Brutus sick in 'at [ hat ] I, Caesar, am already here by chance Brutus was present Caesar thus in all things Brutus thus in but camera necessaria pro usus cookare, cum saucepannis, stewpannis, scullero, dressero, coalholo, stovis, smoak-jacko; pro roastandum, boilandum, fryandum, et plumpudding mixandum, pro turtle soupos, calve's-head-hashibus, cum calipee et calepashibus. A necessary room for
203-472: A small number of theatrical feature films use it. Netflix production and post-production requirements state that they prefer content up to 2:1 aspect ratio; anything wider must be evaluated and discussed. Some mobile devices, such as the Huawei Mate 10 Pro , LG G6 , LG V30 , Google Pixel 2 XL , OnePlus 5T , Sony Xperia XZ2 Compact and Xiaomi Mi Max 3, use the 2:1 format (marketed as 18:9), although
232-453: A smaller area of the 35 mm frame offset to the right to accommodate space for an optical soundtrack ) combined with 3-perf frame size (as opposed to standard 35 mm photography which uses four perforations per frame). The Univisium camera would use an aperture opening of 24mm × 12mm (.945" × .472") and three perforations per frame, which would eliminate the waste associated with 2.40:1 Super 35 mm photography (wherein nearly 50% of
261-456: Is a solution." Storaro recognized that ubiquitous HD origination was not yet viable and therefore proposed an alteration to standard 35 mm photography to create a 2.00:1 aspect ratio and economize on film. By using a negative area similar to that of the Super 35 frame (which utilizes the full width of a 35 mm film frame "perf-to-perf" as opposed to traditional 35 mm which utilizes
290-488: Is commonly used in industry and manufacturing. This motion is critical to the use of film in a movie camera or movie projector . This is in contrast to a continuous mechanism, whereby the film is constantly in motion and the image is held steady by optical or electronic methods. The reason the intermittent mechanism "works" for the viewer is because of a phenomenon called persistence of vision . Intermittent mechanisms were first used in sewing machines , in order for
319-418: Is done with sprocket wheels, claws, or pins coupled to the camera or projector drive mechanism. In movie theater projectors, the intermittent movement is often produced by a Geneva drive ( Maltese cross mechanism). However, in a movie camera, it is done through a process by which a shutter opens exposing the film negative to light for a split second, then the shutter closes blocking light from reaching
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#1732786574935348-548: The 2.00:1 ratio upon DVD release, including Apocalypse Now , Reds , and The Last Emperor . This has proved controversial with many film enthusiasts, who believe that regardless of Storaro's attempt to unify all aspect ratios, films should be viewed in the ratio they were filmed in, without any cropping. Due to this backlash, Apocalypse Now and Reds use their original aspect ratios for Blu-ray release, and The Last Emperor uses its original aspect ratio for its 4k UHD edition. Other films that were reframed in open matte to
377-622: The Jedi were cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio. The VHS version of Kung Pow! Enter the Fist (2002) is cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio. Some later LaserDisc prints and earlier DVD prints of select Studio Ghibli films such as My Neighbor Totoro and Spirited Away may be cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio from their original 1.85:1 presentation. Later remastered releases on Blu-ray and on streaming services are presented in
406-758: The RKO Superscope format, and as an option in several other cinematographic formats. Another predecessor is Toho 's Toho Pan Scope, used in the 1958 kaiju film Varan the Unbelievable and the 1957 Japanese re-release of Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (which in turn was the American localization of 1954's Godzilla ), using an anamorphic process similar to Superscope with film shot in flat monochrome being cropped to 2:1 during editing. In 1998, cinematographer Vittorio Storaro announced his plans for
435-516: The Univisium aspect ratio on DVD include the 1998 DVD release of Top Gun (1986), the 1999 & 2004 DVDs of Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991), and the original DVD release of Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997). The HDTV version of Halloween (1978) is cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio. Some earlier digital TV broadcasts of Star Wars , The Empire Strikes Back , and Return of
464-548: The White Witch also used the Univisium aspect ratio for select in-game cutscenes, though most of the in-game cutscenes were in 16:9, while the full motion video traditional animation cutscenes were in 1.85:1; the gameplay is in 16:9. Dog Latin Examples of this predate even Shakespeare , whose 1590s play, Love's Labour's Lost , includes a reference to dog Latin: Costard: Go to; thou hast it ad dungill, at
493-494: The aspect ratio had been used previously in 2000s devices such as the Nokia 7710 . The 1998 game Metal Gear Solid used the Univisium aspect ratio for its cutscenes, while the game itself is in a 1.43:1 aspect ratio slightly letterboxed in a 4:3 screen. The 2017 game Sonic Forces used the Univisium aspect ratio for its cutscenes, both in-game and pre-rendered while the game itself is in 16:9. The 2013 game Ni no Kuni: Wrath of
522-482: The cameras do. As a compromise to standard technology (for the time being), Storaro says an anamorphic print can be made and presented in 24 frames per second with a digital and/or optical soundtrack. However, with the rise of the DCP (Digital Cinema Package) , the 2:1 image can be projected from a flat (1.85:1) container in either 2K (1998 × 999) or 4K (3996 × 1998), with mild letterboxing. Although no film has utilized
551-470: The fabric to be fed through correctly - ensuring it is stationary as each stitch is made, while moving the required distance between stitches. The intermittent mechanism must be employed in concert with a rotating shutter which blocks light transmittance during the motion of the film and allows light through while the film is held in place usually by one or more registration pins . The intermittent mechanism can be accomplished in many ways, but most often, it
580-525: The fingers' ends, as they say. Holofernes: O, I smell false Latine; dunghill for unguem. Thomas Jefferson mentioned dog Latin by name in 1815: Fifty-two volumes in folio, of the acta sanctorum, in dog-latin, would be a formidable enterprise to the most laborious German. Patres conscripti took a boat, and went to Philippi; Boatum est upsettum, magno cum grandine venti. Omnes drownderunt qui swim away non potuerunt. Trumpeter unus erat, qui coatum scarlet habebat; Et magnum periwig, tied about with
609-596: The frame is discarded) by creating a natural 2.00:1 aspect ratio utilizing the whole film area. In addition to using the full film area, using three perforations per frame as opposed to four equates to using 25% less film for the same shooting time. With the traditional four perforations per frame, 35 mm film (at 24 frames per second) runs at 90 feet per minute (4 minutes 26 seconds per 400 feet of film), three perforations per frame runs at 67.5 feet per minute (5 minutes 56 seconds per 400 feet of film). This would mean each magazine of film would have 33% more shooting time and
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#1732786574935638-541: The full aspects of the proposal, particularly with regard to the projection standards, Storaro has since used Univisium for nearly all of his films. Technovision and Clairmont Cameras have altered Arriflex 435 and 535B cameras for use on Storaro films that use Univisium and 3-perf pull-down. Technicolor laboratories in Rome, London, and Los Angeles also have the means to support the Univisium format. Additionally, Storaro has reframed many of his earlier widescreen releases for
667-479: The need for an anamorphic print to be made (to optically squeeze the 2:1 3-perf aspect ratio into a 1.33:1 4-perf frame). As the image will fill the full film area (perf-to-perf) there is no room for a traditional optical soundtrack and Univisium requires two digital soundtracks, one for backup (which resides outside of the perforations on the edge of the film; DTS , Sony Dynamic Digital Sound , Dolby Digital ). The projectors would run at 25 frames per second, just as
696-463: The negative. Once the shutter is completely closed, a claw pulls down the next film frame of negative film by the sprocket holes into the film gate and the process begins again. A movie projector works in a similar way. The standard exposure period for regular motion in North America is 1/48 of a second, which corresponds to 180 degrees, but shutters with 200 degrees were popular back when
725-502: The nightmare of compromising the composition of the Image. Looking through a viewfinder, a camera, or a monitor, we are always faced with at least two images of the same subject." Storaro feels in the future of cinema, films will be photographed in either high-definition video for small, intimate digital projection theaters, or in 65 mm for "big audience... large screen" films. In the cinematographer's opinion, as all films will be one of
754-467: The proper 1.85:1 aspect ratio. Many trailers of upcoming films from 20th Century Studios that are shot in the 2.39:1 aspect ratio are cropped to this format when they play ahead of any movies that were shot in 1.85:1. According to IMDB technical specification statistics, there are over 700 titles with 2:1 aspect ratios, and the number has been growing in recent years. Most films and TV shows that originate on streaming platforms are shot this way, although
783-519: The purpose of cooking, with saucepans, stewpans, scullery, dresser, coalhole, stoves, smoke-jack; for roasting, boiling, frying, and mixing plum pudding, for turtle soups, calves'-head hashes, with calipee and calipashes. Amo, amas, I love a lass, As a cedar tall and slender; Sweet cowslip's grace is her nominative case , And she's of the feminine gender . Chorus: Rorum corum sunt divorum, Harum scarum divo; Tag rag merry derry, periwig and hatband, Hic hoc horum genetivo . Can I decline
812-544: The tail of a dead pig. The conscript fathers [i.e. Senators ] took a boat and went to Philippi . The boat was upset by a great hailstorm of wind. All drowned who could not swim away. There was a trumpeter, who had a scarlet coat, and a great periwig, tied about with the tail of a dead pig. Stormum surgebat et boatum oversetebat Excipe John Periwig tied up to the tail of a dead pig. Caesar adsum jam forte Brutus aderat Caesar sic in omnibus Brutus sic in at Caesar 'ad [had] some jam for tea Brutus 'ad
841-408: The two formats, he suggests that a common aspect ratio compromise of 2.00:1 (mathematical average of 65 mm 2.20:1 and HD 1.78:1) be adopted for all films, 65 mm theatrical, HD theatrical and television. As he told American Cinematographer writer Bob Fisher, "I believe it is very important for audiences to see films exactly the way they were composed by the director and cinematographer. This
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