Gustave Unonius Gustavus Unonius
24-668: Gustaf Elias Marius Unonius also referred to as Gustav Unonius , Gustave Unonius , Gustavus Unonius , or Gustov Unonius (25 August 1810 – 14 October 1902) was a pioneer and priest in the American Midwest . Unonius served as a catalyst for early Scandinavian emigration to the Upper Midwest . Unonius was born of Swedish parents in Helsinki (Swedish: Helsingfors ) in the Grand Duchy of Finland , then part of
48-469: A century later from 1932 to 1943 but set sixty years prior, typified later depictions of pioneer families. Daniel Boone (1734–1820) and Davy Crockett (1786–1836) became two real-life icons of pioneer history. The first westward migrations occurred as members of the Thirteen Colonies sought to expand their respective colonies westward. Those whose original royal charters did not specify
72-692: A key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky , when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped. One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts , which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the Native inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes . The word "pioneer" originates with
96-454: A variety of reasons; they may be a scattered tribe who no longer exist as an organized nation, or they have not completed the certification process established by the government entities in question, they may have lost their recognition through termination , or they may be a group of non-Native individuals seeking recognition as a tribe for other reasons. Some federally recognized tribes are confederacies of more than one tribe. Historically,
120-491: A western limit simply extended their lands westward indefinitely. After the United States was officially formed upon the ratification of the U.S. Constitution , federal coordination and legislation began to give settlement a more unified approach. The Land Ordinance of 1785 was the first official action by the federal government in deciding how political organization of new territories would be handled. Then in 1787
144-504: Is similar to other iconic figures involved in stories of the "settlement of the West," such as the cowboy , trapper, prospector, and miner; however, the pioneer is distinct in that he represents those who went into unexplored territory in search of a new life, looking to establish permanent settlement. Various figures in American folklore and literature typify the pioneer. The Deerslayer
168-560: Is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States . Many terms used to describe Indigenous peoples of the United States are contested but have legal definitions that are not always understood by the general public. The term tribe is defined in the United States for some federal government purposes to include only tribes that are federally recognized by
192-625: The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and those Alaska Native tribes established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.]. Such tribes, including Alaska Native village or regional corporations recognized as such, are known as "federally recognized tribes" and are eligible for special programs and services provided by the United States . The BIA, part of the US Department of
216-529: The Land Run of 1889 , when parts of the territory of Oklahoma were first made available to settlers on a first-come, first-serve basis. As western settlement grew, certain trends began to emerge. Most pioneers traveled in wagon trains with their families and other settlers, banding together for defense and to spread the workload. Pioneers in the East often had to clear the land, owing to lush forests there. In
240-530: The Northwest Ordinance declared that states could not individually claim new lands, and that westward expansion would be handled by the federal government. In implementing the Land Act of 1804 , the government took its first steps towards legislating the manner in which land would be individually claimed by and distributed to settlers. One federal effort to encourage western travel and settlement
264-772: The Pine Lake Settlement or New Upsala , (Swedish: Nya Uppsala ). The settlement was near what is now the town of Merton, Wisconsin . Unonius' letters to Swedish , Danish and Finnish newspapers about pioneer life in America sparked a wave of immigration by Scandinavians to the Midwest . While living in Waukesha County, Unonius befriended James Lloyd Breck , one of the founders of the Episcopal seminary Nashotah House . In 1845, Gustaf Unonius became
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#1732787022545288-654: The Russian Empire . His family moved to Sweden when he was a child. In 1830, he graduated from Uppsala University in Sweden and from the Uppsala law department in 1833. In 1841 Unonius emigrated to the United States, settling in Waukesha County, Wisconsin on a lake now called Pine Lake in the village of Chenequa, Wisconsin . Unonius was founder of the early Swedish-American immigrant settlement known as
312-472: The Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America . The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the migration to the Western United States , with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone ,
336-457: The English word tribe is a people organized with a non– state government, who typically claim descent from a common founder and who speaks the same language . In addition to their status as legal entities, tribes have political, social, and historical rights and responsibilities. The term also refers to communities of Native Americans who historically inhabit a particular landbase and share
360-642: The Interior, issues Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood , which tribes use as a basis for tribal enrollment in most cases. Federally recognized tribes are "unique governmental entities and are not extensions of State or local governments." Some tribes, such as the United Houma Nation , do not have federal recognition, but are recognized at the state level using procedures defined by various states, without regard to federal recognition. Other organizations self-identify as Native American tribes for
384-582: The Middle French pionnier (originally, a foot soldier , or soldier involved in digging trenches ), from the same root as peon or pawn . In the English language , the term independently evolved a sense of being an innovator or trailblazer . As early as 1664, Englishman John Evelyn used the term with a self-effacing "workman" meaning when he wrote in his treatise on planting, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees : "I speak now in relation to
408-592: The Midwest, the task was to bring agricultural fertility to the Great Plains . Some pioneers moved westward with the intent of claiming land for their families. Others, such as trappers , moved west for commercial reasons, and then remained there when their businesses proved to be profitable. The figure of the pioneer has historically played a role in American culture , literature and folklore . The pioneer
432-721: The Royal Society, not my self, who am but a Servant of it only and a Pioneer in the Works". Various figures in American folklore and literature typify the pioneer. James Fenimore Cooper 's The Deerslayer (1841) became the most successful of his early series, the Leatherstocking Tales , about pioneer life in the Province of New York . Laura Ingalls Wilder 's Little House on the Prairie series, published
456-672: The State of California formed rancherias and Nevada formed Indian Colonies . Multiethnic entities were formed by the U.S. federal government or by treaty with the U.S. government for the purpose of being assigned to reservations. For example, 19 tribes that existed in 1872 combined at that time to form the Colville Confederated Tribes, which is now the single federally recognized tribe, Colville Indian Reservation in Washington state . The international meaning of
480-410: The United States . Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation . " Federally recognized Indian tribe " is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning. A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty , a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that
504-832: The United States for 17 years. The stories of his travels to the United States and the trials and tribulations of life on the frontier were the subject of his two-volume memoirs, published in 1862. A partial translation of his memoirs, A Pioneer in Northwest America 1841-1858: The Memoirs of Gustaf Unonius, was published in 1960 for the Swedish Pioneer Historical Society by the University of Minnesota Press . American pioneer American pioneers , also known as American settlers , were European American , Asian American , and African American settlers who migrated westward from
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#1732787022545528-753: The first graduate of Nashotah House and was ordained to the Diaconate by Bishop Jackson Kemper . He was later ordained as a priest in The Episcopal Church , continuing to commute from the Pine Lake Settlement for several years. In 1848, Unonius moved to Manitowoc, Wisconsin and became the first Rector of St. James' Episcopal Church . In 1849, he founded the Swedish Episcopal Church of St. Ansgarius in Chicago, Illinois . Unonius returned to Sweden in 1858, having lived in
552-687: Was the most successful of an early series, the Leatherstocking Tales , about pioneer life in New York. Little House on the Prairie , a century later, typified a later series of novels describing a pioneer family. Daniel Boone and Davy Crockett are two real-life icons of pioneer history. Tribe (Native American) In the United States, an American Indian tribe , Native American tribe , Alaska Native village , Indigenous tribe , or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe , band, or nation of Native Americans in
576-676: Was the publication of The Prairie Traveler in 1859, three years before the Homestead Act was passed. Randolph B. Marcy , Captain of the U.S. Army, was commissioned by the War Department to provide a guide for those moving west. It provided not only mileage and stopping points during travel, but also gave advice about what to take on the journey, how to interact with Native Americans and also how to respond to threatening situations such as encounters with bears. There were many other forms of this process, such as land runs including
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