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36-779: The region is named after the Uecker River, which is a tributary of the Oder ; the name Uckermark means " March of the Uecker". The river's source is close to Angermünde , from where it runs northward to Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The Oder River, forming the German-Polish border , bounds the region in the east. The western parts of the Lower Oder Valley National Park are located in the Uckermark. In

72-503: A 1323 war with Brandenburg. In the Pomeranian-Brandenburg War from 1329–33, Pomerania was able to defeat Brandenburg at Kremmer Damm . In the following years, control of the Uckermark was disputed by Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, and Pomerania. The first Peace of Prenzlau of 3 May 1448 established Brandenburg's control over most of the territory, except for the northern Pasewalk and Torgelow region, which

108-638: A river in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Saxe-Wittenberg The Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg ( German : Herzogtum Sachsen-Wittenberg ) was a medieval duchy of the Holy Roman Empire centered at Wittenberg , which emerged after the dissolution of the stem duchy of Saxony . The Ascanian dukes prevailed in obtaining the Saxon electoral dignity until their duchy

144-632: A successful campaign to subdue the Ukrani, who had come in reach of the Empire after the 929 Battle of Lenzen . After the 983 revolt of the Obodrites and Liutizians , the area became independent again, yet remained under permanent military pressure, especially from Poland and the Holy Roman Empire . In 1172 Pomeranian dukes , vassals of the Duchy of Saxony , formerly of Poland, and later of Denmark and

180-525: Is a river in the northeastern German states of Brandenburg , where it is known as the Ucker , and of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Its source lies in the Uckermark district , one kilometer north of Ringenwalde . It flows northward through several lakes. The first one is Großer Krinertsee . The next ones are rather small. Then there are two large lakes, Lake Oberuckersee and Lake Unteruckersee , joined by

216-582: Is connected to the Baltic Sea by the three straits Peenestrom , Świna and Dziwna . The name Ucker originates from a West Slavic language , the word vikru/vikrus , meaning 'fast' or 'quick'. The Uecker gave its name to the Uckermark historical region and to the two districts Uckermark and Uecker-Randow . This article related to a river in Brandenburg is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

252-509: The Holy Roman Empire , controlled the area. In the course of the medieval Ostsiedlung , the Ukrani were Christianized and Germanized by Saxons , who founded monasteries, castles, and towns; the Slavic heritage is reflected in the many regional towns whose names end with " -ow " and " -in ". The early centers of the territory were the Seehausen ( Gramzow ) Premonstratensian monastery and

288-585: The Ice Age , glaciers shaped the landscape of the region. A climate change left a hilly area with several lakes formed by the melting ice, and humans started to settle the area. Megalithic -cultures arose, followed by Germanic cultures . From the 6th–12th centuries Polabian Slavs migrating from Eastern Europe moved westward into the later Uckermark. The Slavs settling the terra U(c)kera ( Uckerland , later Uckermark ) became known as Ukrani ( Ukranen , Ukrer , Ukri , Vukraner ). Their settlement area

324-566: The Pomeranian Griffins earlier than Szczecin in 1234, shortly before they lost the Uckermark to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1250. Most of the course below Unteruckersee is not navigable. An effort of the von Arnim family to prepare it for large river boats ceased after a few decades in the 19th century. Between Prenzlau and the junction of the river Köhntop , it is sometimes even difficult to travel by canoe. Near

360-697: The Thirty Years' War . Frederick William , the Great Elector, invited large numbers of French Huguenots to resettle the Uckermark and his other territories by announcing the Edict of Potsdam . These Huguenots helped to develop the economy and culture of the Uckermark. In 1701 the territory became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars , the Uckermark became part of

396-824: The Ascanian line in the Electorate of Saxony died out in 1422, the Ascanian Duke Eric V of Saxe-Lauenburg failed to assert his succession in Wittenberg. King Sigismund granted the Electorate to Margrave Frederick IV of Meissen from the House of Wettin , who united the Meissen and the Saxon lands of Wittenberg under his rule. He assumed the electoral title and thereby transferred the state of Saxony up

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432-674: The Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg rivallingly claimed the Saxon electoral privilege. Upon the assassination of his brother-in-law King Albert I in 1308, he voted for Count Henry of Luxembourg . In 1314 both duchies participated in the double election of the German kings, Frederick III, the Fair from the House of Habsburg and his Wittelsbach cousin Louis IV, the Bavarian . Louis received five of

468-453: The Elbe estuary . After Albert I's death in 1260, his two heirs, John I and his younger brother Albert II ruled jointly. In 1269, 1272, and 1282, they gradually divided their governing competences within the then three territorially unconnected Saxon areas (Hadeln, Lauenburg, and Wittenberg), thus preparing a partition, whereby Albert II, Burgrave of Magdeburg since 1269, concentrated on

504-536: The Elbe river to his Meissen residence. His lands were also called "Upper Saxony" (see: Upper Saxon Circle ) to distinguish them from the territory of the medieval stem duchy, the later Lower Saxony . The territory of former Saxe-Wittenberg became known as the Kurkreis ("Electoral District"). By the division of the Saxon Electorate according to the 1485 Treaty of Leipzig , the Wittenberg lands including

540-467: The Empire in 1290, the king enfeoffed his son Rudolph. After King Rudolph had died, Albert II with his nephews still minor, wielded the Saxon electoral vote , electing Adolph of Nassau , the brother-in-law of Archbishop Siegfried II of Cologne on 27 April 1292. The bishop, together with King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia , had succeeded in bringing Albert II in favour of electing Adolph (Albert II had signed an elector pact on 29 November 1291 that he would vote

576-450: The Land of Ratzeburg , the Land of Darzing (today's Amt Neuhaus ), and the Land of Hadeln are mentioned as the separate territory of the brothers. Duke Albert II received the Wittenberg lands around the eponymous city, Brehna and Gommern. He thus became the founder of the Ascanian line of Saxe-Wittenberg. When Rudolph succeeded his father Albert II as Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg in 1298, he and

612-570: The Palatinate , and Duke Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg, equally exercising the Saxon electoral dignity. However, only Louis the Bavarian, co-elected with Saxe-Lauenburg's vote, finally asserted himself as emperor after the 1322 Battle of Mühldorf by the Treaty of Trausnitz on March 13, 1325. As an obvious opponent, Duke Rudolph I failed with his claims to Brandenburg after the line of his Ascanian cousins became extinct in 1319: King Louis IV seized

648-595: The Proud from the Bavarian House of Welf . Albert concluded a deal with the rising House of Hohenstaufen : He backed the succession of Conrad of Hohenstaufen as German king, who in turn deprived his Welf rival Henry the Proud of the Saxonian Duchy in 1138 and gave it to Albert. However, his rule was strongly contested by the local nobility and in 1142 Albert finally had to resign as duke in favour of Henry

684-578: The Proud's son Henry the Lion . Albert later took part in the Wendish Crusade of 1147 and in 1157 established the Margraviate of Brandenburg . He died in 1170. The third chance for the Ascanians came, when in 1180 ambitious Henry the Lion was deposed as Saxon Duke by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa . Frederick partitioned Saxony among his allies into more than a dozen immediate territories. Among

720-608: The Prussian Province of Brandenburg . Previously divided into the administrative units Uckerkreis and Stolpirischer Kreis , in 1817 a third district was created in the area, the district of Angermünde, and the other two districts were renamed Prenzlau and Templin. During World War II , Germany operated the Oflag II-A and Oflag 80 prisoner-of-war camps for Polish and Belgian officers in Prenzlau. The Uckermark

756-609: The Uckermark to John I and Otto III , Ascanian Margraves of Brandenburg. After the extinction of the Ascanians, it was contested by several principalities. In 1319 it was seized by Mecklenburg . In 1320 the allied forces of the duchies of Pomerania and Jawor clashed with Mecklenburg in the Uckermark. In late 1320, a portion of the Uckermark was occupied by Saxe-Wittenberg , whereas the northermost parts with Prenzlau and Pasewalk remained under Pomeranian control. War between Pomerania and Mecklenburg continued in 1322 with Pomerania recapturing Torgelow . Mecklenburg lost her gains in

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792-452: The Wittenberg territory. He consolidated his position by marrying Agnes , daughter of Rudolph of Habsburg , whom he elected King of the Romans in 1273. After Duke John I had resigned in 1282 in favour of his three minor sons Eric I , John II and Albert III , followed by his death three years later, the three brothers and their uncle Albert II continued the joint rule as Saxon dukes. Upon

828-481: The city of Prenzlau, developed and granted German town law by Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania , in 1234. Both the central city and the central monastery were set up beside the former Ukrani central burghs. The Margraviate of Brandenburg , holding claims on the Duchy of Pomerania, expanded north since the 1230s, taking her chances while the House of Pomerania was weakened. In the 1250 Treaty of Landin , Barnim I conceded

864-564: The death of Margrave Henry III of Meissen in 1288, Duke Albert II applied at his father-in-law King Rudolph I for the enfeoffment of his son and heir Rudolph with the Saxon County palatine on the Unstrut river, which ensued a long lasting dispute with the eager clan of the House of Wettin . Albert's attempts to secure the succession in the lands of the extinct Counts of Brehna were more successful: when their fiefs were reverted to

900-532: The following long-term dispute between Henry and Lothair, Otto was able to gain the title of a Saxon (anti-)duke, though only for a short time in 1122. Lothair was elected King of the Romans in 1125 and in 1134 he vested Otto's son Albert the Bear with the Saxon Northern March . Upon his death in 1137, Albert once again strived for the Saxon duchy, which however fell to Lothair's son-in-law Henry

936-483: The margraviate and enfeoffed his son Louis V instead. Rudolph I in turn allied with the rivaling House of Luxembourg . He supported Count Charles IV of Luxembourg as anti-king to Louis IV and on that account exclusively received the Saxon electoral dignity with the Golden Bull of 1356 , thus slighting Saxe-Lauenburg. Saxe-Wittenberg thereupon came to be known as the Electorate of Saxony ( Kursachsen ). When

972-481: The navigable section of the river, called der Kanal , with the smaller Lake Möllensee in between. The island within Oberuckersee was the residence of a Slavic ruler in the 10th century, and connected to the coast of the lake by a long wooden bridge. On the northern end of Unteruckersee the city of Prenzlau is situated, nowadays the district capital of Uckermark. In Middle Ages, it was granted urban rights by

1008-525: The old Ascanian allodial possessions around Ballenstedt where he established the Ascanian County of Anhalt , while his younger brother Albert I inherited the title of a Duke of Saxony and retained three territorially unconnected Eastphalian estates on the Elbe river around the towns of Wittenberg and Belzig as well as the northern lordship of Lauenburg with Amt Neuhaus and Land Hadeln at

1044-652: The same as Wenceslaus). In 1295, Albert II would again enlarge his Saxon territory when he acquired the County of Gommern . The last document, mentioning the joint government of Albert II with his nephews as Saxon fellow dukes dates back to 1295. The definite partitioning of the Duchy of Saxony into Saxe-Lauenburg ( German : Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg ), jointly ruled by the brothers Albert III, Eric I and John II and Saxe-Wittenberg ( German : Herzogtum Sachsen-Wittenberg ), ruled by Albert II took place before 20 September 1296. The Vierlande , Sadelbande (Land of Lauenburg),

1080-568: The seven votes, to wit Archbishop-Elector Baldwin of Trier , the legitimate King John of Bohemia , Duke John II of Saxe-Lauenburg , claiming the Saxon prince-electoral power, Archbishop Peter of Mainz , and Albert's Ascanian cousin Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg . Frederick the Fair received in the same election four of the seven votes, with the deposed King Henry of Bohemia , illegitimately assuming electoral power, Archbishop Henry II of Cologne , Louis' brother Count Rudolph I of

1116-496: The small village of Nieden , the river arrives in (Mecklenbuurg-) Hither Pomerania , where it is called Uecker. In this country, it passes through the towns of Pasewalk , Torgelow , and Eggesin . Pasewalk, as well as Prenzlau, features some important Brick Gothic architecture. In Eggesin, the northern section of the river Randow discharges into the Uecker. In Ueckermünde , the Uecker ends in Szczecin Lagoon , which

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1152-410: The supporters, Archbishop Philip of Cologne received the largest share as the newly created Duchy of Westphalia . The Saxon ducal title at least passed to late Albert's youngest son, Count Bernhard of Ballenstedt , who nevertheless only ruled over small, mostly Eastphalian fringes of the old duchy. Duke Bernard died in 1212 and his two surviving sons divided the Saxon heritage: the elder Henry took

1188-525: Was a battleground during World War II , with many of its towns being severely damaged. As part of East Germany after the war, the Uckermark was divided between Bezirk Neubrandenburg and Bezirk Frankfurt (Oder) . With German reunification in 1990, most of the Uckermark voted to become part of the restored state of Brandenburg, with the exception of the small Strasburg region becoming part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Uecker The Uecker ( German pronunciation: [ˈʏkɐ] ) or Ucker

1224-605: Was centered around the lakes Oberuckersee and Unteruckersee at the spring of the Uecker River. In this region, burghs with a proto-town suburbium were set up at Drense and on an isle in Lake Oberuckersee (near modern Prenzlau ). In 954, Margrave Gero of the Saxon Eastern March (the marca Geronis ), aided by Holy Roman Emperor Otto I 's son-in-law, Conrad of Lorraine , launched

1260-548: Was finally elevated to the Electorate of Saxony by the Golden Bull of 1356 . The Eastphalian count Otto of Ballenstedt (d. 1123), ancestor of the House of Ascania, had married Eilika , a daughter of Duke Magnus of Saxony from the House of Billung . As the Billung male line became extinct upon Magnus's death in 1106, Otto hoped to succeed him, however King Henry V of Germany enfeoffed Count Lothair of Supplinburg . During

1296-465: Was to remain in Pomerania and is not considered to be a part of Uckermark anymore. Though another Brandenburgian-Pomeranian war was fought in the area in the 1460s, Brandenburg's possession of most of the Uckermark was confirmed again in a second Peace of Prenzlau on 30 July 1472, which was renewed on 26 June 1479. The Uckermark became part of Brandenburg-Prussia in 1618, but was ravaged during

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