A useless machine or useless box is a device whose only function is to turn itself off. The best-known useless machines are those inspired by Marvin Minsky 's design, in which the device's sole function is to switch itself off by operating its own "off" switch. Such machines were popularized commercially in the 1960s, sold as an amusing engineering hack , or as a joke.
62-401: More elaborate devices and some novelty toys , which have an obvious entertainment function, have been based on these simple useless machines. The Italian artist Bruno Munari began building "useless machines" ( macchine inutili ) in the 1930s. He was a "third generation" Futurist and did not share the first generation's boundless enthusiasm for technology but sought to counter the threats of
124-403: A souvenir . This term covers a range of small manufactured goods, such as collectables , gadgets and executive toys . Novelty items are generally devices that do not primarily have a practical function. Toys for adults are often classed as novelties. Some products have a brief period as a novelty item when they are actually new, only to become an established, commonly used product, such as
186-490: A "Monster Inside the Black Box", featuring a mechanical hand that emerged from a featureless plastic black box and flipped a toggle switch , turning itself off. This version may have been inspired in part by " Thing ", the disembodied hand featured in the television sitcom The Addams Family . Other versions have been produced. In their conceptually purest form, these machines do nothing except switch themselves off. It
248-519: A 2016 interview with critic Alan Sepinwall that "I cannot think of a more painful moment of my career than the one when I defined Terriers as a failure by canceling it." On October 1, 2010, parent company News Corporation (which spun off FX and the company's other U.S.-based entertainment properties to 21st Century Fox in July 2013) pulled its channels from Dish Network due to a carriage dispute over retransmission consent revenue. FX returned to
310-566: A September 2018 interview with Variety of the Disney-Fox deal, Landgraf said, "I think this is a necessary step. I have curiosity and a bit of anxiety about how it will work, but I'm really excited about it. On April 8, 2019, FX Networks had acquired off-network rights to Family Guy , starting with its sixteenth season and Bob's Burgers , starting with its ninth season. Family Guy began airing on FXX on April 16, 2019, while Bob's Burgers made its debut on September 24, 2019. FXX shares
372-642: A comedy series starring Elijah Wood . It is based on the Australian series Wilfred . In March 2010, the channel debuted Justified , a drama series created by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard 's short story "Fire in the Hole" (which was the series' original working title ). It starred Timothy Olyphant as U.S. Marshal Raylan Givens – a tough, soft-spoken lawman with a rough side – and chronicles his cases and personal life, including unfinished business with an ex-wife and his aging father. FX also picked up
434-596: A critical and commercial success, having aired for seven seasons as of 2014 . In 2010, the series attracted an average of 4.9 million viewers per week, making it FX ' s highest rated series to date. Other new shows that premiered in 2008 included the Kenny Hotz comedy Testees , which debuted in October 2008 and was cancelled after its first season. In August 2008, FX relaunched its website, adding streaming of full episodes of its original shows. In 2009, reruns of
496-640: A major force in original pay-TV programming, gaining both acclaim and notoriety for edgy dramas. That year, FX debuted the police drama The Shield , which became a breakout hit. This trend continued the following year with Nip/Tuck , a drama about two plastic surgeons, and the Denis Leary -helmed Rescue Me , about the lives of a crew of firemen from the New York City Fire Department post- 9/11 . Both shows were lauded by critics, and achieved equal success with viewers. Rescue Me
558-433: A novelty item that was a camera obscura in the form of a goblet . Hérigone's device was constructed so that the user could spy on others while taking a drink. Its 45-degree mirror had a stylized opening for the lens and the lid bore a magnifying lens at the top. Lenticular printing was developed in the 1940s, and is used extensively in the production of novelty items. Paper clothing , which has some practical purpose,
620-475: A part of this plan, fX became the national home for Fox Sports programming over the next few years. The first incarnation of fX was not available on Time Warner Cable , one of the major cable systems in New York City, where its programming originated. TWC would not carry the channel until September 2001. The live shows gradually disappeared one by one until only Personal fX remained. Breakfast Time
682-1037: A record total of 18 Emmy wins. FX's most popular original shows include Justified , Damages , Nip/Tuck , Rescue Me , It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia , The League , Sons of Anarchy , The Shield , The Strain , Archer , American Horror Story , Anger Management , The Americans , Better Things , Louie , You're the Worst , Fargo , American Crime Story , Legion , Snowfall and Atlanta . The channel also broadcasts theatrically released feature films from sister companies Walt Disney Pictures , Marvel Studios , and 20th Century Studios as well as other film studios such as Columbia Pictures , Sony Pictures Animation , Universal Pictures , Paramount Pictures , Lionsgate Films , Relativity Media , Village Roadshow Pictures , Warner Bros. Pictures , DreamWorks Pictures , and DreamWorks Animation which take up much of FX's primetime and
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#1732776170332744-563: A result, FX covered several races in the series then known as the Busch Series and Winston Cup (including the All-Star Race ), as well as select qualifying and final practice sessions. Having FX carry the race telecasts was intended to promote the channel and encourage NASCAR fans to contact their subscription providers to add FX to their lineup. In 2002, Peter Liguori , who was then president of FX, praised NASCAR for its growth;
806-564: A result, most (though not all) of the channel's original series are rated TV-MA , often for strong profanity, sexual content, and/or violence. Family organizations such as the Parents Television Council and American Family Association , have asked advertisers to boycott these shows due to their graphic content. Despite this, FX's original programming output, outside of a few shows, has been critically acclaimed for their strong storylines and characters. Capitalizing on
868-445: A result, the streaming service became a division of Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International with Comcast effectively becoming a silent partner . In November 2019, it was announced that FX would produce series for Hulu under the " FX on Hulu " brand. Four series previously in development for the linear FX channel would now premiere on Hulu, including Devs , Mrs. America and A Teacher . Furthermore, episodes aired on
930-463: A supplemental sports outlet for its sister networks, first broadcasting Fox Sports -produced programming under News Corporation's and 21st Century Fox's ownership, and ESPN -produced programming since the Disney acquisition of FX. After obtaining the spring broadcast rights to NASCAR , Fox Sports announced that FX would serve as its cable partner for the 2001 inaugural season of race telecasts. As
992-520: A world under machine rule by building machines that were artistic and unproductive. The version of the useless machine that became famous in information theory (basically a box with a simple switch which, when turned "on", causes a hand or lever to appear from inside the box that switches the machine "off" before disappearing inside the box again) appears to have been invented by MIT professor and artificial intelligence pioneer Marvin Minsky , while he
1054-825: Is an American pay television channel owned by FX Networks , a division of the Disney Entertainment business segment of the Walt Disney Company . Based at the Fox Studios lot in Century City , California , FX was originally launched by the first-incarnation News Corporation on June 1, 1994, and later became one of the properties that was included in Disney's acquisition of one of News Corporation's successor companies, 21st Century Fox , in 2019. The channel's original programming aspires to
1116-505: Is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence " novelty ", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons , slippers , or toilet paper . The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions . Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be
1178-599: Is available on the majority of pay television providers. The SD channel, as was standard with all of Fox's broadcast and pay-TV networks (and also its new Disney siblings, which also all operate in 720p), is now merely downscaled from the HD feed at the provider headend level rather than having a devoted SD feed. Since 2004, Fox overseen the expansion of FX's to international markets, as well as forming several distribution partnerships to syndicate FX programs to other broadcast networks, cable channels, and video services on request outside
1240-557: Is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States - down from its 2011 peak of 99,000,000 households. In addition to the flagship U.S. network, the "FX" name is licensed to a number of related pay television channels in various countries around the world. FX, originally stylized as "fX", launched on June 1, 1994. Broadcasting from a large " apartment " in Manhattan 's Flatiron District , fX
1302-802: Is claimed that Don Poynter, who graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1949 and founded Poynter Products, Inc. , first produced and sold the "Little Black Box", which simply switched itself off. He then added the coin snatching feature, dubbed his invention "The Thing", arranged licensing with the producers of the television show, The Addams Family , and later sold "Uncle Fester's Mystery Light Bulb" as another show spinoff product . Robert J. Whiteman, owner and president of Liberty Library Corporation , also claims credit for developing "The Thing". (Both companies were later to be co-defendants in landmark litigation initiated by Theodor Geisel ("Dr. Seuss") over copyright issues related to figurines .) Both
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#17327761703321364-458: Is something unspeakably sinister about a machine that does nothing—absolutely nothing—except switch itself off", and he was fascinated by the concept. Minsky also invented a "gravity machine" that would ring a bell if the gravitational constant were to change, a theoretical possibility that is not expected to occur in the foreseeable future. In the 1960s, a novelty toy maker called "Captain Co." sold
1426-622: The Baltimore Orioles in September 2001. On April 27, 2011, FX began airing soccer games from the UEFA Champions League as part of the league's overall television deal with Fox Sports. In the fall of 2011, FX began broadcasting Big 12 , Conference USA and Pac-12 college football games on Saturdays (mainly primetime games, with some daytime games mixed in), as part of Fox Sports' broadcasting contracts with
1488-723: The Hula Hoop or the Frisbee . Others may have an educational element, such as a Crookes radiometer , Newton's cradle , or drinking bird . Sex toys are often described as novelty items (varying from this definition, as they do serve a practical purpose), and some products sold in sex shops may not have any practical sexual function, if operating primarily as a humorous gift, such as sex dice . Some food products may be considered novelty items, especially when first introduced, such as deep-fried Mars bars . The French mathematician and astronomer Pierre Hérigone (1580–1643) describes
1550-524: The XFL beginning with its 2023 season , with games airing on FX, ESPN, and ABC; FX was included in the package to accommodate ESPN and ABC's existing programming commitments. With its first XFL broadcast in February 2023, FX introduced an "ESPN on FX" brand for sports broadcasts carried by the channel, modelled after the existing ESPN on ABC branding. However, due to low viewership, ESPN quietly discontinued
1612-416: The reality series Black. White. and the drama Thief ; neither series was picked up for a second season. During 2007, FX introduced three new dramas: Dirt , starring Courteney Cox ; The Riches , starring Eddie Izzard and Minnie Driver ; and Damages , starring Glenn Close , Ted Danson and Rose Byrne . All three performed well in the ratings and were renewed for second seasons. By 2008, FX
1674-560: The British morning show The Big Breakfast , was formatted like an informal magazine show. Breakfast Time and Personal fX would regularly feature the channel's "roving reporters" – which included Suzanne Whang , John Burke and Phil Keoghan – visiting unique places around the United States live via satellite. Other notable fX personalities included Karyn Bryant and Orlando Jones , who were panelists on Sound fX . The channel prided itself on its interactivity with viewers. fX, in 1994,
1736-759: The FX wordmark while removing searchlights placed to its left since the 1997 rebrand. The new branding included an advertising campaign featuring a post-game ad for FX during Fox's coverage of Super Bowl XLII . The promo used the James Morrison song " You Give Me Something ". During 2008, competition with other pay-TV channels increased. This was evident in the second season ratings for series Dirt and The Riches , whose ratings decreased significantly from their freshman seasons. During some weeks, viewership for both shows barely exceeded 1 million. Both shows were cancelled in 2008; acquired shows Dharma and Greg , Buffy
1798-551: The Sunset Strip , the autobiographies of the Red Hot Chili Peppers singer Anthony Kiedis and his father, Blackie Dammett. HBO had picked up the series, which was to be titled Spider & Son , a few years before but never completed the project. Entourage writer/producers Marc Abrams and Mike Benson were tapped as its showrunners and Kiedis was to be involved as a co-producer. Dammett said in 2013 that
1860-651: The Vampire Slayer . The channel also added Major League Baseball games to its lineup at that time (at one point sharing rights with then-sister network Fox Family ), and eventually expanded its sports programming to include NASCAR races in 2001. In the summer of 1998, FX debuted three original series: Bobcat's Big Ass Show , Instant Comedy with the Groundlings and Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular . All three series were cancelled
1922-512: The Vampire Slayer , Married... with Children and Fear Factor were also removed from the schedule. On September 3, 2008, FX debuted Sons of Anarchy , a drama series created by Kurt Sutter (who previously served as executive producer of The Shield ) about a fictional outlaw motorcycle club devoted to protecting their sheltered California town from corporate developers and drug dealers; its September premiere coincided with that of The Shield ' s final season. Sons of Anarchy became
Useless machine - Misplaced Pages Continue
1984-549: The artist David Moises exhibited his reconstruction of The Ultimate Machine aka Shannon's Hand , and explained the interactions of Claude Shannon, Marvin Minsky, and Arthur C. Clarke regarding the device. Episode 3 of the third season of the FX show Fargo , "The Law of Non-Contradiction", features a useless machine (and, in a story within the story , an android named MNSKY after Marvin Minsky). Novelty toy A novelty item
2046-613: The broadcasts on FX by early-March, and had rescheduled some of them to its own networks, this coverage did not return in 2024 due to a merger with the United States Football League to form the United Football League , in which rights were split between the main ESPN networks and ABC (FX was excluded from this contract) and Fox Sports . FX began broadcasting a 720p HD channel in 2007, which
2108-510: The cable rights with then-sister network Fox Family Channel (taking rights to the league's Thursday evening games from Fox Sports Net ), with games being scheduled on an alternating basis with FX. Starting with the 2001 season, FX also obtained rights to games from the MLB Division Series , the only playoff round to which Fox did not hold television rights. Among the games televised on FX was Cal Ripken Jr. 's final home game with
2170-546: The channel increased penetration from 58.5 million to 76.6 million households nationwide. FX was removed from Fox's NASCAR coverage in the 2007 season, which saw the Busch Series move exclusively to ESPN , and Fox aired all of Nextel Cup races on broadcast television. In 1997 , FX obtained partial cable rights to Major League Baseball games; the channel initially aired game telecasts on Monday nights, before moving them to Saturday nights in 1998. In 2000, FX began sharing
2232-532: The channel's name and logo was rendered in lower-case to portray a type of relaxed friendliness; the stylized "X" represented the channel's roots: the crossing searchlights of the 20th Century Fox logo. The live shows were each mostly focused on one broad topic. Shows included Personal fX (collectibles and antiques), The Pet Department (pets), Under Scrutiny with Jane Wallace (news) and Sound fX (music). The channel's flagship show, Breakfast Time , hosted by Laurie Hibberd and Tom Bergeron and inspired by
2294-403: The channel's shows. Inside the channel's syndicated programming blocks, channel hosts would frequently appear during commercial breaks to read news headlines, respond to e-mails from viewers about the episode that was airing, or to promote upcoming programming. In 1995, Liberty Media purchased a 50% stake in the network as part of their alliance with News Corporation to form Fox Sports Net ; as
2356-531: The crime comedy-drama Terriers , created by Ted Griffin , for its fall 2010 lineup; in 2011, the channel debuted the boxing drama Lights Out , about retired boxing champion Patrick "Lights" Leary who is considering a comeback, despite the serious risks it entails. Despite the critical acclaim that Terriers and Lights Out received, the two series were cancelled after their first seasons due to low viewership; For Terriers specifically, FX Networks president and General Manager John Landgraf would later admit in
2418-440: The daily lives of four friends with eating disorders who live in New York City; and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia , about the usually very politically incorrect comic misadventures of four people who own a bar in the titular city . Both of these shows feature frank sexual dialogue and strong language, and were pitched as "The Dark Side of Comedy". Starved was derided by groups that sought to publicize eating disorders and
2480-576: The following year. Soon after its relaunch, the "Fox Gone Cable" tagline was dropped. By 1999, new original TV shows were added with the debut of shows such as Son of the Beach (a Baywatch parody that starred Timothy Stack and was executive produced by Howard Stern ) and The X Show (a male-oriented late night panel talk show). The channel also acquired the pay-TV syndication rights to reruns of series such as Ally McBeal , NYPD Blue and The Practice for then-record high prices then unseen in
2542-656: The former ABC sitcom Spin City were removed from the schedule (though it was restored early the following year). In July 2009, FX ordered three new comedy pilots: Archer , an animated series featuring a spy agency, which premiered on January 14, 2010; The League , with a group of friends who are part of a fantasy football league; and Louie , a sitcom starring stand-up comedian and writer Louis C.K. , which "blend[s] stand-up material with ... 'extended vignettes' depicting moments from [the comedian's] offstage experiences." The following year, FX debuted Wilfred ,
Useless machine - Misplaced Pages Continue
2604-608: The linear FX cable network will be available on Hulu the next day. On June 11, 2019, Hulu and FX picked up show rights to Lionsgate films released in 2020 and 2021. In December 2021, Disney renamed the "FX on Hulu" hub to simply "FX" as part of an effort to streamline and extend the brand's use. In addition, Disney began to increase the prominence of FX as an imprint on its original programming, especially when carried on Disney's international streaming platforms such as Disney+ ( Star ) and Star+ . In 2024, FX won its first Emmy Award for Best Drama for Shōgun , which received
2666-421: The majority of its weekend schedules. It airs repeats of network television sitcoms (such as Two and a Half Men and How I Met Your Mother ). From the late 1990s to the mid-2000s, the acquired shows which FX broadcast consisted largely of series originally broadcast on Fox between the late 1980s and the 2000s (such as That '70s Show , Married... with Children , and In Living Color ). FX has served as
2728-432: The new slogan "Fearless"; Landgraf explained that the slogan symbolized that viewers of its programming "don't know what's going to happen and that you're not in a safe place that is governed by guardrails that are going to keep you from going off." On March 20, 2019, The Walt Disney Company acquired 21st Century Fox . Consequently, FX Networks was integrated into the newly renamed Walt Disney Television unit. In
2790-421: The pay-TV industry despite all three 20th Century Fox Television series being under common ownership; when these shows expensively fumbled in primetime, FX predominantly ran movies in its more high-profile time periods, though with the move of premiere film rights from free-to-air broadcast networks to basic cable channels, FX unexpectedly would end up a benefactor of this change. Beginning in 2002, FX emerged as
2852-607: The plain black box and the bank version were widely sold by Spencer Gifts , and appeared in its mail-order catalogs through the 1960s and early 1970s. As of 2015, a version of the coin snatching black box is being sold as the "Black Box Money Trap Bank" or "Black Box Bank". Do-it-yourself versions of the useless machine (often modernized with microprocessor controls) have been featured in a number of web videos and inspired more complex machines that are able to move or which use more than one switch. As of 2015, there are several completed or kit form devices being offered for sale. In 2009,
2914-550: The refocused FX until May 1, 1998. FX vacated the "apartment" in the summer of 1998 and the channel's operations were streamlined with the other Fox-owned subscription channels. In early 1997, fX was relaunched as "FX: Fox Gone Cable", refocusing the channel's target audience towards men aged 18 to 49. During the first few years after its relaunch, FX was known for little else than airing reruns of such Fox shows as The X-Files and Married... with Children , as well as 20th Century Fox -produced shows such as M*A*S*H and Buffy
2976-522: The rights to Family Guy with sister network Freeform . WarnerMedia 's Adult Swim and TBS held the rights to older seasons of both shows; WarnerMedia's rights to Family Guy expired on September 18, 2021, at which point reruns are exclusive to FX Networks and Freeform, with the rights to Bob's Burgers similarly coming under FX Networks' full control in 2023. On May 14, 2019, Comcast relinquished its control in Hulu to Disney effective immediately. As
3038-441: The satellite provider's channel lineup on October 29, 2010, after Dish Network and News Corporation signed a long-term carriage agreement. On November 1, 2010, following a similar dispute, FX and its sister channels were restored by New York City-based cable provider Cablevision through a separate carriage agreement. On October 14, 2011, FX announced it picked up the rights to develop a series based on Scar Tissue and Lords of
3100-508: The show has been "mothballed", and he hopes interest will resume on the project once the Red Hot Chili Peppers wrapped up their world tour that year. As of 2014 there has been no mention from FX, Kiedis or Dammett on the status of the series. On January 30, 2013, FX premiered the 1980s-set Cold War drama The Americans . In 2013, FX underwent a rebranding to accompany its new comedy-focused spin-off channel FXX , including
3162-545: The standards of premium cable channels in regard to mature themes and content, high-quality writing, directing and acting. Sister channels FXM and FXX were launched in 1994 and 2013, respectively. FX also carries reruns of theatrical films and terrestrial-network sitcoms . Advertising-free content was available through the FX+ premium subscription service until it was shut down on August 21, 2019, after which ad free content moved to Hulu with no ads. As of November 2023 , FX
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#17327761703323224-466: The success of the hit documentary Super Size Me , filmmaker Morgan Spurlock launched a new series, 30 Days , which debuted on FX in June 2005. The series place its subjects in situations uncomfortable to them for 30 days, such as making millionaires work for minimum wage , and having Christians live in a Muslim community. In the summer of 2005, FX debuted two new comedy series, Starved , about
3286-520: The three conferences. With the August 2013 launches of national sports networks Fox Sports 1 and Fox Sports 2 , FX no longer served as a regular cable outlet for Fox Sports, but it still occasionally aired sporting events in the event of overflow situations, such as the UFC 185 preliminary card, and selected soccer matches. On September 7, 2019, FX would air the preliminary card for UFC 242 . The event
3348-469: Was a graduate student at Bell Labs in 1952. Minsky dubbed his invention the "ultimate machine", but that sense of the term did not catch on. The device has also been called the "Leave Me Alone Box". Minsky's mentor at Bell Labs, information theory pioneer Claude Shannon (who later also became an MIT professor), made his own versions of the machine. He kept one on his desk, where science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke saw it. Clarke later wrote, "There
3410-491: Was an early adopter of the internet, embracing e-mail and the World Wide Web as methods of feedback. Most of the shows would feature instant responses to e-mailed questions, and one show, Backchat (hosted by Jeff Probst ), was exclusively devoted to responding to viewer mail, whether sent through e-mail or traditional postal mail. Select viewers were allowed to spend a day at the "apartment" and take part in all of
3472-445: Was available in 90.6 million homes in the U.S. In 2008, FX launched a new branding campaign built around the theme "There Is No Box." It alluded to the phrase " thinking outside the box " and referred to how the channel's programming goes beyond "the box" concept. In addition, this was a pun related to FX's creating original shows to compete against premium channels such as HBO . FX's logo was updated on December 18, 2007, retaining only
3534-484: Was being held in Abu Dhabi, which created conflicts with Saturday afternoon college football games on ESPN and ESPN2 ; it marked the first ESPN-produced sporting event to air on FX since the Disney acquisition of the network. For similar reasons, FX also aired the preliminary card for UFC 309 on Saturday, November 16, 2024. On May 17, 2022, Disney announced that it had acquired the exclusive broadcast rights to
3596-550: Was briefly novel in the United States in the 1960s. One of the more popular novelty items in recent history was the singing Big Mouth Billy Bass , manufactured by Gemmy Industries . It is estimated that over 20 million original pieces were sold in 12 months during 2000 and 2001. Novelty items based on mathematical objects, such as Klein bottles and Penrose triangles , have been manufactured. Models of Möbius strips are sometimes made in place of regular bands, such as rings. FX (TV channel) FX ( F ox e X tended)
3658-427: Was cancelled after its first season due to low ratings. Conversely, Sunny quickly became a critical darling, consistently achieved high viewership, and was picked up for a second season within days of its first-season finale. The second season added veteran actor Danny DeVito to the cast, and the show, still airing as of 2024, is the longest-running live-action sitcom in history. In 2006, FX debuted two new series,
3720-452: Was moved to the Fox network and renamed Fox After Breakfast in mid-1996. It underwent several format changes, but never found a substantial audience and was canceled less than a year later. By the time that all live programming (with the exception of Personal fX ) was dropped, the channel focused entirely on its classic television shows until its relaunch in mid-1997. Personal fX remained on
3782-399: Was one of the few television series to be given an order for an additional season prior to the broadcast of its most recent season: in June 2009 FX renewed the show for an 18-episode sixth season, although the fifth season had not premiered at the time. Unlike many broadcast networks, FX has chosen to take risks with its programming and push the envelope of what can be shown on television; as
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#17327761703323844-550: Was one of the first forays into large-scale interactive television . The channel centered on original programming, which was broadcast live every day from the "fX Apartment", and rebroadcasts of classic television shows from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, such as Batman , Wonder Woman , Eight Is Enough , Nanny and the Professor and The Green Hornet . fX had two taglines during this period: "TV Made Fresh Daily" and "The World's First Living Television Network". The "f" in
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