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36-716: From 1995-98 the 235th Independent Military Transport Aviation Regiment was located on the field with Ilyushin Il-76 and Antonov An-22 aircraft. In March 2012, Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov offered Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport for NATO use as a hub for non-lethal cargo and for ferrying personnel. This article about an airport in Russia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ilyushin Il-76 The Ilyushin Il-76 ( Russian : Илью́шин Ил-76 ; NATO reporting name : Candid )

72-685: A McDonnell Douglas C-9B Skytrain II (N932NA) formerly owned by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and the United States Navy . NASA concluded the Reduced Gravity Research Program and ended operations in July 2014, due to aircraft technical problems. It is replaced with private company contracts. As of 2015 NASA had a microgravity services contract with Zero Gravity Corporation (ZERO-G) and used its aircraft, G-FORCE ONE,

108-451: A parabolic flight path, which is the path that objects naturally follow while in free fall . The aircraft is used in this way to demonstrate to astronauts what it is like to orbit the Earth. During this time the aircraft does not need to exert any ground reaction force on its contents to keep them stationary relative to the aircraft, causing the sensation of weightlessness. Initially,

144-481: A commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items that cannot be carried by other means. It has also been used as an emergency response transport for civilian evacuations as well as for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the world. Thanks to its ability to operate from unpaved runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Specialized models have also been produced for aerial firefighting and zero-G training. The aircraft

180-688: A modified Boeing 727-200 . In late 2004, the Zero Gravity Corporation became the first company in the United States to offer zero-g flights to the general public, using Boeing 727 jets. Each flight consists of around 15 parabolas, including simulations of the gravity levels of the Moon and Mars, as well as complete weightlessness. This profile allows ZERO-G's clients to enjoy weightlessness with minimal motion discomfort. In 2015, Integrated Spaceflight Services , began serving as

216-510: A way of simulating weightlessness was first proposed by the German aerospace engineer Fritz Haber and his brother, physicist Heinz Haber in 1950. Both had been brought to the US after World War II as part of Operation Paperclip . As well, Shih-Chun Wang studied nausea in astronauts for NASA , which helped lead to the creation of the vomit comet. Parabolic flights are sometimes used to examine

252-646: Is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic airlifter designed by the Soviet Union 's Ilyushin design bureau as a commercial freighter in 1967, to replace the Antonov An-12 . It was developed to deliver heavy machinery to remote, and poorly served areas. Military versions of the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and Africa, including use as an aerial refueling tanker, and command center. The Il-76 has seen extensive service as

288-738: Is a type of fixed-wing aircraft that provides brief near-weightless environments for training astronauts , conducting research, and making gravity-free movie shots. Versions of such airplanes were operated by the NASA Reduced Gravity Research Program, and one is currently operated by the Human Spaceflight and Robotic Exploration Programmes of the European Space Agency. The unofficial nickname " vomit comet " became popular among those who experienced their operation. Parabolic flight as

324-406: Is also used to simulate the gravity of the Moon and Mars. According to former Reduced Gravity Research Program director John Yaniec, anxiety contributes most to passengers' airsickness. The stress on their bodies creates a sense of panic and therefore causes the passenger to vomit. Yaniec gives a rough estimate of passengers, that "one third [become] violently ill, the next third moderately ill, and

360-625: Is now on display at Ellington Field , near the Johnson Space Center . The other (N931NA or NASA 931, formerly AF serial no. 63-7998) was also used by Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment for filming scenes involving weightlessness in the movie Apollo 13 ; it made its final flight on October 29, 2004, and is permanently stored in the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. In 2005 NASA replaced these aircraft with

396-603: Is used also to realize commercial flights for public passengers in partnership between operator Novespace and the Avico  [ fr ] company, under Air Zero G brand. The aircraft has also been used for cinema purposes, with Tom Cruise and Annabelle Wallis filming for The Mummy in 2017. In Russia, commercial flights are offered on the Ilyushin Il-76MDK jet; several U.S. companies book flights on these jets. The Indian Air force also used them to train

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432-739: The Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency and the Ecuadorian Air Force since May 2008. On June 19, 2008, this plane carried a seven-year-old boy, setting the Guinness world record for the youngest person to fly in microgravity. Since 1984, ESA and the CNES have flown reduced-gravity missions in a variety of aircraft, including NASA's KC-135, a Caravelle , an Ilyushin Il-76MDK , and an Airbus A300 known as

468-600: The Il-78 , around 50 aircraft having been produced. A variant of the Il-76 also serves as a firefighting waterbomber . Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev A-50 'Mainstay' AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) aircraft; around 25 aircraft were made. Another application for the type was found in Antarctic support flights and for conducting simulated weightlessness training for cosmonauts (akin to

504-635: The Zero-G . In 2014 the A300 was phased out in favor of a more modern Airbus A310 , also named Zero-G . It is based at Bordeaux-Mérignac airport in France , operated by Novespace, and has also been flown from Paris Le Bourget airport and Dübendorf Air Base in Switzerland. Since 1997 CNES subsidiary Novespace has handled the management of these flights. This A310 Zero G  [ fr ] aircraft

540-668: The "Vomit Comet" used by NASA). Beriev and NPO Almaz also developed an airborne laser flying laboratory designated A-60 , of which two were built, much of this project's details remaining classified. It was announced in 2010 that the production of a modernized Il-76, the Il-76MD-90A (also known as project Il-476 during the design stage), would begin; a proposed new production line would be located in Aviastar 's facility in Ulyanovsk , Russia, and be operated in cooperation with

576-470: The 1990s, modernized variants also equipped with Soloviev D-30 turbofan engines were developed (MF, TF), with a cargo compartment 20 m (66 ft) long by 3.4 m (11 ft) wide by 3.4 m (11 ft) tall; these larger variants were not produced in significant quantity due to the financial difficulties being experienced by the Russian Air Force, which was the primary operator of

612-738: The Il-76, followed by Ukraine and India, Belarus' TransAVIAexport Airlines is the largest civilian operator. As of July 2024, the Aviation Safety Network has tracked 137 incidents involving Il-76 series aircraft resulting in the 1,158 fatalities. 99 have been written off in crashes and other accidents. Some of the most notable incidents can be found here. Data from Ilyushin , Aviadvigatel , Volga-Dnepr Airlines . General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Reduced-gravity aircraft A reduced-gravity aircraft

648-551: The Russian EMERCOM agency was deployed to Chile to assist firefighters. The assignment took 39 days. All Il-76 transport aircraft in service with the RF Aerospace Forces were to receive anti-missile systems, and aircraft reconfiguration started in spring 2019. Military and civil operators in 38 countries have operated more than 850 Il-76 in large numbers. While Russia is the largest military operator of

684-762: The Tashkent works. At that point, the construction of two Il-76MD-90A prototypes had begun at the Ulyanovsk facility. The first Il-76MD-90A was rolled out at Aviastar's Ulyanovsk plant on 16 June 2014. On 29 April 2015, it was reported that the Russian Aerospace Forces received the first Il-76MD-90A built at the Ulyanovsk plant "Aviastar-SP" from the 2012 contract for 39 aircraft. The Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) received its first serial production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A airlifter on 2 April 2019. As of late-2023, 27 aircraft are ordered to be delivered in

720-518: The actors Sylvia Saint and Nick Lang. Berth Milton, Jr , president and CEO of Private Media Group, said in 2000 "You would not want to be afraid of flying, that's for sure!" The ZERO-G corporation was featured in the MythBusters NASA Moon Landing Conspiracy episode, in which it flew Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman on a custom flight path to replicate the Moon's gravity. This allowed Savage to replicate

756-451: The aircraft climbs with a pitch angle of 45 degrees using engine thrust and elevator controls. The sensation of weightlessness is achieved by reducing thrust and lowering the nose to maintain a neutral, or "zero lift", configuration such that the aircraft follows the same path that an object in free fall, with no air resistance, would follow. Engine thrust is used to exactly compensate for drag. Weightlessness begins while ascending and lasts all

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792-529: The bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan was flown in using civilian Il-76s. In 2006, the Russian Air Force had about 200 Il-76s. Civilian users in Russia have 108. In 2004, a Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) Il-76 carried out a flight mission in Afghanistan, and later in 2011, PLAAF Il-76s were sent to Libya to evacuate Chinese citizens. The two missions were

828-411: The effects of weightlessness on a living organism. While humans are by far the most common passengers, non-human animals have occasionally been involved in experiments, including a notable experiment on how weightlessness affected a domestic cat 's righting reflex and a pigeon 's attempts to navigate in a weightless state. The aircraft gives its occupants the sensation of weightlessness by following

864-448: The final third not at all." Vomiting is referred to as being "ill". Scopolamine is often used as an antiemetic during reduced-gravity-aircraft training. The 1995 film Apollo 13 filmed many scenes aboard NASA's KC-135 parabolic aircraft. In 2016, rock group OK Go recorded a music video for their single " Upside Down & Inside Out " on a reduced-gravity aircraft, which involved acrobatic choreography created specifically for

900-656: The first batch of Indian Astronauts for the Gaganyaan Project of ISRO . NASA flew zero gravity flights on various aircraft for many years. In 1959 Project Mercury astronauts trained in a C-131 Samaritan aircraft dubbed the "vomit comet". Twin KC-135 Stratotankers were used until December 2004 and later retired. One, a KC-135A registered N930NA (also known as NASA 930, formerly USAF serial no. 59-1481), flew more than 58,000 parabolas after NASA acquired it in 1973, before being retired in 1995. It

936-487: The freight that was airlifted. As Afghan rebels were unable to shoot down high-flying Il-76s, their tactics were to try and damage it on takeoff or landing. Il-76s were often hit by shoulder-launched Stinger and Strela heat-seeking missiles and large-calibre machine gun fire, but because the strong airframes were able to take substantial damage and remain operational, the aircraft had a remarkably low attrition rate during this period of conflict. Building on that experience,

972-619: The period up to 2028 and 20 had been built, 6 in 2023. The first aircraft was delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974 and subsequently became the main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976, it was operated by Aeroflot . Between 1979 and 1991, Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of

1008-401: The pilot again reduces the thrust and lowers the nose. This aircraft is used to train astronauts in zero-g maneuvers, giving them about 25 seconds of weightlessness out of 65 seconds of flight in each parabola . During such training, the airplane typically flies about 40–60 parabolic maneuvers. In about two thirds of the passengers, these flights produce nausea due to airsickness , giving

1044-575: The plane its nickname "vomit comet". The Canadian Space Agency and the National Research Council have a Falcon 20 used for microgravity research. The small plane is normally not used for people to float freely and experience weightlessness; however, comedian Rick Mercer did so for a segment of his show . The first zero G plane to enter service in Latin America is a T-39 Sabreliner nicknamed CONDOR , operated for

1080-805: The reported first steps of PLAAF developing long-range transportation capability. Syrian Air Force Il-76s, operating as civil Syrianair aircraft, have been reportedly used to ship weapons, money, and other cargo from Russia and Iran to Syria, according to a defected Syrian military pilot. Since the start of the war, in April 2011 (and up to July 2012), around 20 military flights have been conducted to and from Tehran , via Iraqi airspace. Further information exposes that since around 2012, Syrian Il-76s have regularly flown to Moscow's Vnukovo Airport to fetch shipments of Syrian banknotes that have been useful to Bashar al-Assad 's government to survive international sanctions . On 30 January 2017, an Il-76 firebomber of

1116-471: The research and education integrator of the National Research Council of Canada for the US market, offering comprehensive reduced-gravity services on a modified Falcon 20 aircraft. ISS has flown annual microgravity research campaigns to evaluate space suits and other technologies with Project PoSSUM . Aurora Aerospace in Oldsmar, Florida offers zero-g flights using a Fuji/Rockwell Commander 700 . It

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1152-645: The type. From 2004 onwards, a number of aircraft in commercial service were modernized to the Il-76TD-90VD version; this involved the adoption of the newly developed PS-90 engine to comply with European noise limitations. In 2005, the People's Republic of China placed an order for 34 new Il-76MDs and four Il-78 tankers. In June 2013, Russian military export agency Rosoboronexport announced an order by China for 12 Il-76MD aircraft. The Il-76 has also been modified into an airborne refuelling tanker , designated

1188-426: The way "up-and-over the hump," until the aircraft reaches a downward pitch angle of around 30 degrees. At this point, the craft is pointing downward at high speed and must begin to pull back into the nose-up attitude to repeat the maneuver. The forces are then roughly twice that of gravity on the way down, at the bottom, and up again. This lasts all the way until the aircraft is again halfway up its upward trajectory, and

1224-416: The zero-gravity environment. The adult entertainment production company Private Media Group has filmed a pornographic movie called The Uranus Experiment: Part Two where a zero-gravity intercourse scene was filmed aboard a reduced-gravity aircraft. The filming process was particularly difficult from a technical and logistical standpoint. Budget constraints allowed for only one 20-second shot, featuring

1260-520: Was conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of 40 tonnes (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 kilometres (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi) in less than six hours, able to operate from short and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It

1296-617: Was intended to replace the Antonov An-12 . Another project design for a double-decked 250-passenger airliner was cancelled. The Il-76 first flew in March ;1971  ( 1971-03 ) . Production of Il-76s was allocated to the Tashkent Aviation Production Association in Tashkent , Uzbekistan , then a republic of the Soviet Union . Some 860 of the basic transport variants were manufactured. In

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