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30-763: The town of Ulanów was founded in 1616 by nobleman Stanisław Ulina. Due to its location at the confluence of the San River and the Tanew , Ulanów was a river port, with a harbour and boat building shops. The town prospered until the Swedish invasion (Deluge; 1655–1660) , when it was ransacked and destroyed. Following the first partition of Poland , Ulanów was in 1772 annexed by the Habsburg Empire , and remained within Austrian Galicia until late 1918. In

60-609: A length of 458 kilometres (285 mi), the San is the 6th-longest Polish river. It has a basin area of 16,877 km , of which 14,426 km is in Poland. * San in proto- Indo-European languages means 'speed' or 'rapid stream'. In Celtic languages , san means ' river '. The San arises in the Carpathian Mountains near the village of Sianky , at an elevation of 900 metres (3,000 ft), exactly on

90-409: A line along the San from September 6, until German forces broke out of their bridgeheads on September 12. Lendians The Lendians ( Polish : Lędzianie ) were a Lechitic tribe who lived in the area of East Lesser Poland and Cherven Cities between the 7th and 11th centuries. Since they were documented primarily by foreign authors whose knowledge of Central and East Europe geography

120-534: The Polish-Ukrainian border ( 49°00′10″N 22°52′30″E  /  49.00278°N 22.87500°E  / 49.00278; 22.87500 ) and on the continental watershed , and forms the border between Poland and Ukraine for approximately its first 50 km (31 mi). Poland's largest artificial lake , Lake Solina , was created by a dam on the San River near Lesko . The San flows into

150-571: The Bavarian Geographer (generally dated to the mid-9th century) attests that Lendizi habent civitates XCVIII , that is, that the "Lendizi" had 98 gords , or settlements. The Lendians are mentioned, among others, by De administrando imperio (c. 959, as Λενζανηνοί), by Josippon (c. 953, as Lz’njn ), by the Primary Chronicle (c. 981, as ляхи), by Ali al-Masudi (c. 940, as Landzaneh ). They are also identified to

180-540: The Licicaviki from the 10th-century chronicle Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres by Widukind of Corvey , who recorded that Mieszko I of Poland (960–992) ruled over the Sclavi tribe. The same name is additionally considered to be related to the oral tradition of Michael of Zahumlje from DAI that his family originates from the unbaptized inhabitants of the river Vistula called as Litziki , and

210-584: The 19th century, it was a private town, and belonged to several noble families. World War I brought widespread destruction, followed my mass exodus and reduction of the population of Ulanów. As a result, it lost its town charter in 1934, remaining a village until 1958. Ulanów was once a multicultural town with Jewish population of about 40%. Around World War I, the Jewish population was halved. Many died during World War I because of hard work and lack of sufficient food. Their homes and businesses were looted during

240-717: The 9th or 10th century. The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to the Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between Poland , Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in around the 9th century. This area

270-720: The Austrian empire, which became the Austro-Hungarian empire when the double monarchy was introduced. This region, including the area west and east of the Subcarpathian Voivodship , was controlled by Austria for almost 120 years. During that time it was known as Galicia . Ukrainians traditionally associated the San with their ethnographic western frontier: this is reflected in the State Anthem of Ukraine (which describes Ukraine as extending from

300-747: The Bohemian sphere of influence. Cosmas of Prague relates that the land of Kraków was controlled by the Přemyslids of Bohemia until 999. His report is buttressed by the foundation charter of the Archdiocese of Prague (1086), which traces the eastern border of the archdiocese, as established in 973, along the Bug and Styr (or Stryi ) rivers. Abraham ben Jacob , who travelled in Eastern Europe in 965, remarks that Boleslaus II of Bohemia ruled

330-850: The Lendians had access to some waterways leading to the Dnieper , e.g., the Styr River . According to Nestor the Chronicler and his account in Primary Chronicle , the Lendians ( Lyakhs ) inhabited the Cherven Cities , when in 981 they were conqured by Vladimir the Great . Based on Constantine's and Nestor's report, Gerard Labuda concludes that the Lendians occupied the area between the Upper Bug , Styr, and Upper Dniestr rivers in

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360-403: The Lendians was incorporated into the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of Central Europe around 899, the Lendians submitted to their authority (Masudi). In the first half of the 10th century, they alongside Krivichs and other Slavic people paid tribute to Igor I of Kiev (DAI). From the mid-950s onward, the Lendians were politically anchored in

390-763: The Lendians, White Croats and probably some other peoples shared this vast territory along the border of modern-day Ukraine and Poland. According to Mykhailo Kuchynko, archaeological sources conclude that Prykarpattian region of Western Ukraine was not settled by West Slavic Lendians but East Slavic Croats, while the elements of material culture in early medieval sites alongside Upper San River in present-day Subcarpathian Voivodeship in Southeastern Poland show they belonged to East Slavic ethno-tribal affiliation. The early medieval sites near Dukla Pass , and villages Trzcinica and Przeczyca indicate that West Slavic material tradition started only at river Wisłoka ,

420-755: The Polish sphere of influence in 1018, when Bolesław I of Poland took the Cherven Cities on his way to Kiev . Yaroslav I the Grand Prince of Rus' reconquered the borderland in 1031. Around the year 1069, the region again returned to Poland, after Bolesław II the Generous retook the area and the city of Przemyśl , making it his temporary residence. Then in 1085, the region became a principality under Rus', and it remained part of Kievan Rus' and its successor state of Halych-Volhynia until 1340 when it

450-636: The San to the Don ) and the March of Ukrainian Nationalists (which calls for a Ukraine from the San to the Caucasus ). The Poland–Ukraine border today follows the San for approximately the first 50 km of its course. The San River, which has seen many battles in its history, was a battle site at the beginning of World War II in 1939. At the outset of the German invasion of Poland , Polish forces attempted to defend

480-587: The Vistula near Sandomierz . Left tributaries Right tributaries Historical records first mention the river in 1097 as Sanъ , reku Sanъ , k Sanovi ; then as nad Sanomъ (1152) and Sanu (1287). On the old maps of the Ruthenian Voivodeship , Poland 1339–1772 it was referred to as "San" (1339), San (1372), "Szan" (1406), "Sanok" (1438), "Saan" (1439), "Sayn" (1445), "San" (1467), "Szan" (1517), and "Schan" (1526). Humans had first settled

510-539: The Wise after 1031 and colonization of their lands by Ruthenians fleeing west during Mongol assaults on Ruthenia during reign of Danylo of Halych . Constantine VII reports that in the year 944 Lendians were tributaries to the Kievan Rus' and that their monoxylae sailed under prince Wlodzislav downstream to Kiev to take part in the naval expeditions against Byzantium . This may be taken as an indication that

540-426: The area between Sandomierz and Lublin. Janusz Kotlarczyk considered that Red Ruthenia extended over a vast territory between Carpathian Mountains and Przemyśl on the south (inhabited by White Croats) and Volhinia on the north (partly inhabited by Lendians). Alexander Nazarenko considers that uncertainty of extant 10th-century descriptions of the upper Dniester and Bug River region makes it plausible to infer that

570-510: The country "stretching from the city of Prague to the city of Kraków". In the 970s, it is assumed that Mieszko I of Poland took over the region: the Primary Chronicle infers this when reporting that Volodymyr the Great conquered the Cherven Cities from the Lyakhs in 981: "Volodymyr marched upon the Lyakhs and took their cities: Peremyshl ( Przemyśl ), Cherven ( Czermno ), and other towns". Historian Leontii Voitovych speculates that if

600-597: The east and the Wisłoka river in the west. This would indicate that through their land crossed an important route that connected Prague , Kraków , Kiev and the Khazars . Polish historians Wojciech Kętrzyński , Stefan Maria Kuczyński , Janusz Kotlarczyk, and Jerzy Nalepa, among others, generally locate the Lendians in Upper San and Upper Dniester. Krzysztof Fokt advanced a viewpoint which claims that Lendians inhabited

630-545: The lands were under control of the Duchy of Poland then the Kievan Rus' conquest would have been an open call for war between the principalities with an inevitable long struggle, but such a thing did not happen according to Voitovych, possibly indicating in Voitovych's view that the lands and its population weren't Polish, but an independent political-tribal union with some vassalage to Bohemia. The region again fell under

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660-445: The map Josippon (Jewish chronicler), 890–953) – Lz’njn Constantine VII (912–959) – Lendzanenoi , Lendzaninoi , Litziki Al-Masudi (Arabian chronicler, c. 940) – Landzaneh Widukind of Corvey (Saxon chronicler, 10th century) – Licicaviki Nestor the Chronicler (Kievan Rus' chronicler, 11th century under the date of 981) – Lachy Kinamos (Byzantine chronicler, 11th century) – Lechoi In Latin historiography

690-542: The name of Lendians: Lithuanians ( lenkai , Lenkija ) and Hungarians ( Lengyelország ). Gerard Labuda notes that the Rus' originally called a specific tribal group settled around the Vistula river as the Lendians and only later in the 11th and 12th century started to apply the name of the tribe to the entire populace of the " Piast realm " because of their common language. Bavarian Geographer (843) – Lendizi – (33) on

720-515: The recount by Thomas the Archdeacon in his Historia Salonitana (13th century), where seven or eight tribes of nobles, who he called Lingones , arrived from Poland and settled in Croatia under Totila 's leadership. The West Slavs (Lendians and Vistulans ) moved into the area of present-day south-eastern Poland, during the early 6th century AD. Around 833, the region inhabited by

750-631: The southeastern region of present-day Poland (the Subcarpathian Voivodeship or Podkarpacie ) in prehistoric times. In the pre-Roman era various tribes, including the Celts , Goths and Vandals ( Przeworsk culture and Puchov culture ) overran the area. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Hungarians and Slavs invaded the area. The San valley must have become an important trade-route and axis of human settlement as early as

780-524: The war. Anti-Semitism was increasing and in 1905 the Jews were falsely charged with denigrating the cross that stood in the road. The Jewish population was decimated in World War II and none remain today. San River The San ( Polish : San ; Ukrainian : Сян Sian ; German : Saan ) is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine . It is a tributary of the river Vistula . With

810-477: The whole of Western Ukraine (partly shared by D. E. Alimov ), moving White Croats much further to the East in the direction of Vyatichi . Henryk Łowmiański argued that the Lendians lived between Sandomierz and Lublin , and that with Vistulans even were tribal groups of White Croats . Leontii Voitovych also argues that the Lendians lived east of Vistulans and south of Mazovians , more specifically, in

840-404: Was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by Nestor ), when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on his way into Poland . In 1018 it returned to Poland, in 1031 reverted to Rus, and in 1340 was recovered by Casimir III of Poland . During the years 966–1018, 1340–1772 (the Ruthenian Voivodeship ) and 1918–1939, the region was part of Poland. Between 1772 and 1918 it belonged to

870-747: Was often vague, they were recorded by different names, which include Lendzanenoi , Lendzaninoi , Lz’njn , Lachy , Lyakhs , Landzaneh , Lendizi , Licicaviki and Litziki . The name "Lędzianie" (*lęd-jan-inъ) derives from the Proto-Slavic and Old Polish word "lęda", meaning "field". In modern Polish , the word "ląd" means "land". The Lędzianie tribe's name comes from their use of slash-and-burn agriculture, which involved cutting and burning of forests or woodlands to create fields. Accordingly, in this meaning Lendians were woodland-burning farmers, or "inhabitants of fields". Several European nations source their ethnonym for Poles, and hence Poland, from

900-477: Was once again taken over by Kingdom of Poland under Casimir III of Poland . It is presumed that most of the Lendians were assimilated by the East Slavs , with a small portion remaining tied to West Slavs and Poland. The most important factors contributing to their fate were linguistic and ethnic similarity, influence of Kievan Rus' and Orthodox Christianity , deportations to central Ukraine by Yaroslav I

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