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78-650: The company was last valued at $ 2.8 billion in December 2021 after an ESOP sale. UrbanClap was founded in October 2014 by Varun Khaitan, Abhiraj Bhal, and Raghav Chandra, all of whom had substantial experience living in the United States. Khaitan's background includes engineering roles at Qualcomm and a consultancy position at Boston Consulting Group , where Bhal was also employed. Chandra brought experience from his engineering role at Twitter (now X) . The company

156-573: A fabless manufacturing model. A VLSI Technology Organization division was founded in 2004, followed by a DFX group in 2006, which did more of the manufacturing design in-house. Qualcomm announced it was developing the Scorpion central processing unit (CPU) for mobile devices in November 2005. This was followed by the first shipments of the Snapdragon system-on-chip product, which includes

234-451: A server CPU startup founded in early 2019 by ex- Apple and ex- Google architects, for approximately $ 1.4 billion. The acquisition was completed in March 2021, and it was announced that its first products would be laptop CPUs, shipping in the second half of 2022. In March 2022, Qualcomm acquired the advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous driving software brand Arriver from

312-537: A 2,621 percent growth over one year. By 2000, Qualcomm had grown to 6,300 employees, $ 3.2 billion in revenues, and $ 670 million in profit. 39 percent of its sales were from CDMA technology, followed by licensing (22%), wireless (22%), and other products (17%). Around this time, Qualcomm established offices in Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. By 2001, 65 percent of Qualcomm's revenues originated from outside

390-399: A 700-employee layoff. Its base station and cell-phone manufacturing businesses were spun-off in order to focus on its higher-margin patents and chipset businesses. Since the base station division was losing $ 400M a year (having never sold another base station after making its 10th sale), profits skyrocketed in the following year, and Qualcomm was the fastest growing stock on the market with

468-592: A CPU, GPS, graphics processing unit, camera support and other software and semiconductors, in November 2007. The Gobi family of modems for portable devices was released in 2008. Gobi modems were embedded in many laptop brands and Snapdragon system on chips were embedded into most Android devices. Qualcomm won a government auction in India in 2010 for $ 1 billion in spectrum and licenses from which to offer broadband services. It formed four joint ventures with Indian holding companies for this purpose. A 49 percent stake in

546-468: A competing CDMA-2000 standard developed primarily by Qualcomm. American and European politicians advocated for the CDMA-2000 and WCDMA standards respectively. The ITU said it would exclude Qualcomm's CDMA technology from the 3G standards entirely if a patent dispute over the technology with Ericsson was not resolved. The two reached an agreement out-of-court in 1999, one month before a deadline set by

624-695: A greater role for GSM, in order to negotiate lower royalty prices from Qualcomm. In 1998, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) voted in support of the WCDMA standard, which relied less on Qualcomm's CDMA patents. Qualcomm responded by refusing to license its intellectual property for the standard. The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and the Third Generation Partnership Program 2, advocated for

702-675: A healthcare subsidiary called Qualcomm Life. Simultaneously, the subsidiary released a cloud-based service for managing clinical data called 2net and the Qualcomm Life Fund, which invests in wireless healthcare technology companies. The subsidiary doubled its employee-count by acquiring HealthyCircles Inc., a healthcare IT company, the following May. Qualcomm life was later sold to a private equity firm, Francisco Partners, in 2019. In 2016, Qualcomm developed its first beta processor chip for servers and PCs called "Server Development Platform" and sent samples for testing. In January 2017,

780-585: A joint venture of Bell Atlantic , Nynex , US West and AirTouch Communications , announced it was going to implement CDMA-based services on networks in 15 states. By this time, 11 out of 14 of the world's largest networks supported CDMA. By 1997 CDMA had 57 percent of the US market, whereas 14 percent of the market was on TDMA. In 1991, Qualcomm and the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) agreed to jointly develop CDMA technologies for

858-411: A lawsuit (settled out of court in 2000) for allegedly copying the design of its Startac phone. In December 1999, Qualcomm sold its manufacturing interests to Kyocera Corporation, a Japanese CDMA manufacturer and Qualcomm licensee. Qualcomm's infrastructure division was sold to competitor Ericsson in 1999 as part of an out-of-court agreement for a CDMA patent dispute that started in 1996. The sale of

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936-525: A report revealed that beauticians associated with Urban Company are required to pay for training before they can begin working on the platform. Several gig workers told that Urban Company is blocking their IDs (both temporarily and permanently) due to issues such as booking cancellations, taking off from work for two to three days, and a fall in user rating. The company's spokesperson responded saying, "We continue to maintain an open-door policy and encourage dialogue with our partners. We remain committed to building

1014-615: A reported $ 350–400 million. The purchase is subject to review by the Competition and Markets Authority . In March 2024, it was announced by the Federal Trade Commission that Qualcomm's proposed acquisition of Autotalks has been terminated. In September 2023, the company announced that it had signed a contract rumored to be worth $ 75 million per year for its Snapdragon brand to be the primary shirt sponsor for English football club Manchester United starting with

1092-623: A research paper alleging Qualcomm only owned 19 percent. Qualcomm consolidated its interests in telecommunications carriers, such as Cricket Communications and Pegaso into a holding company, Leap Wireless , in 1998. Leap was spun-off later that year and sold to AT&T in 2014. Qualcomm initially advocated for the CDMA-based Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) standard for fourth generation wireless networks. UMB wasn't backwards compatible with prior CDMA networks and didn't operate as well in narrow bandwidths as

1170-586: A safe high-quality home service platform." In June 2024, Urban Company's beauty segment workers stage demonstration in Bengaluru over ID blocking. Partners and gig workers associated with the platform have had issues with the 'auto assign' features, ID blocking and costly grievance remedy. The Gig and Platform Services Workers Union (GIPSWU) said that the protest was against the new work conditions, which are horrific and have forced "thousands of partners to work under slavery like situations." Abhiraj Bahl has stood by

1248-456: A screen to provide lighting for the display, rather a backlight, in order to reduce power consumption. The amount of space between the surface of the display and a mirror within a 10 micron-wide "interferometric modulator" determines the color of the reflected light. Mirasol was eventually closed down after an attempt to revive it in 2013 in Toq watches. In June 2011, Qualcomm introduced AllJoyn ,

1326-649: A second generation data center and PC server chip called Centriq 2400 was released. PC Magazine said the release was "historic" for Qualcomm, because it was a new market segment for the company. Qualcomm also created a Qualcomm Datacenter Technologies subsidiary to focus on the PCs and servers market. In 2017, Qualcomm introduced embedded technology for 3D cameras intended for augmented reality apps, and also developed and demonstrated laptop processors. Irwin M. Jacobs Irwin Mark Jacobs (born October 18, 1933)

1404-433: A series B round that was led by Bessemer Venture Partners with participation from returning investors SAIF and Accel Partners A series D round of $ 50 million was raised by the company in 2018 which was led by Steadview Capital and existing investor Vy Capital. In series E round led Tiger Global , the company raised $ 75 million to expand its business. Existing investors Steadview Capital and Vy Capital also participated in

1482-570: A small ASIC design and manufacturing team to support the Omnitracs system. Qualcomm was forced to expand into manufacturing in the 1990s in order to produce the hardware carriers needed to implement CDMA networks that used Qualcomm's intellectual property. Qualcomm's first large manufacturing project was in May 1993, in a deal to provide 36,000 CDMA phones to US West . For a time, Qualcomm experienced delays and other manufacturing problems, because it

1560-650: A textbook entitled Principles of Communication Engineering in 1965, which is still in use today. UCSD's Jacobs School of Engineering is named for him and his wife. In 1968, Jacobs co-founded Linkabit Corporation with Andrew Viterbi to develop satellite encryption devices. That company merged with M/A-COM, Inc. in 1980, becoming M/A-COM Linkabit. In 1985, Jacobs went on to co-found Qualcomm Inc. along with Viterbi, Harvey White, Adelia Coffman, Andrew Cohen, Klein Gilhousen, and Franklin Antonio. Qualcomm developed

1638-654: A wireless standard for communicating between devices like cell phones, televisions, air-conditioners, and refrigerators. The Alljoyn technology was donated to the Linux Foundation in December 2013. Qualcomm and the Linux Foundation then formed the Allseen Alliance to administer the standard and Qualcomm developed products that used the AllJoyn standard In December 2011, Qualcomm formed

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1716-942: Is also a Fellow of the IEEE . He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue . He is a chairman on the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and is on the international advisory board for the Israel Institute of Technology . He is on the advisory board for the School of Economics and Management at Tsinghua University in Beijing. He is on the board of directors of the Pacific Council on International Policy in Los Angeles. In 1980, Jacobs

1794-659: Is an American electrical engineer and businessman. He is a co-founder and former chairman of Qualcomm , and chair of the board of trustees of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies . As of 2019, Jacobs has an estimated net worth of $ 1.2 billion. Jacobs was born to a Jewish family in New Bedford, Massachusetts . He earned his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Cornell University in 1956, and his Master of Science and Doctor of Science degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from

1872-606: Is designed for multimedia. In comparison to cellular towers that provide two-way communications with each cell phone individually, MediaFLO towers would broadcast multimedia content to mobile phones in a one-way broadcast. Qualcomm also sold FLO-based semiconductors and licenses. Qualcomm created the FLO Forum standards group with 15 industry participants in July 2005. Verizon was the first carrier to partner with MediaFlo in December 2005 for its Verizon Wireless' V Cast TV, which

1950-700: Is often referred to as "the Holy Wars of Wireless", an often heated debate about whether TDMA or CDMA was better suited for 2G networks. Qualcomm-supported CDMA standards eventually unseated TDMA as the more popular 2G standard in North America, due to its network capacity. Qualcomm conducted CDMA test demonstrations in 1989 in San Diego and in 1990 in New York City. In 1990, Nynex Mobile Communications and Ameritech Mobile Communications were

2028-535: The 5G , 4G , CDMA2000 , TD-SCDMA and WCDMA mobile communications standards. Qualcomm was established in 1985 by Irwin Jacobs and six other co-founders. Its early research into CDMA wireless cell phone technology was funded by selling a two-way mobile digital satellite communications system known as Omnitracs. After a heated debate in the wireless industry, CDMA was adopted as a 2G standard in North America, with Qualcomm's patents incorporated. Afterwards, there

2106-513: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which is the highest honor an engineer can receive from his or her peers. The IEEE said he was receiving the award not just for his innovations but for "the ability to translate innovation into industry applications, time after time after time." In November 2013, he was conferred the title of "Distinguished Honor Chair Professor" of National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. In 2013, he

2184-734: The La Jolla Playhouse was named after Jacobs and his wife in honor of their philanthropic contributions towards the institution's development. In April 2013, the Jacobs donated $ 133 million to the joint Cornell Tech campus development on Roosevelt Island in New York City. The Joan and Irwin Jacobs TIX Institute at National Tsing Hua University , Taiwan, was sponsored by Jacobs with the mission of encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship. The American Civil Liberties Union Foundation announced in January 2022 that it

2262-561: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1957 and 1959, respectively. His doctoral advisor was Edward Arthurs. He is a member of Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity. Jacobs was assistant and associate professor of electrical engineering at MIT from 1959 to 1966 and professor of computer science and engineering at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) from 1966 to 1972. With John Wozencraft , he co-authored

2340-597: The University of California, San Diego where he was a professor of computer science and engineering for several years. Additionally, he has donated $ 62 million total to the American Society for Technion , his alma mater Cornell University , and KPBS Radio and Television . His KPBS donation was in the sum of $ 1 million, and the multi-year gift is designed to strengthen the station's local journalism and news collaboration with NPR . The Jacobs have donated funds to build studios for KPBS and have supported

2418-460: The 2024–25 season, replacing German company TeamViewer . In October 2023, Qualcomm introduced the Snapdragon X series, a computing platform for Windows PCs which includes a custom ARM-based Oryon CPU (from NUVIA acquisition), a GPU, and a dedicated neural processing unit. In October 2024, Arm Ltd. said it would cancel Qualcomm's chip design licence in an escalation of the dispute over

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2496-624: The 2G standard. CTIA changed its position and supported CDMA in 1993, adopting Qualcomm's CDMA as the IS-95A standard, also known as cdmaOne. This prompted widespread criticism in forums, trade press, and conventions from businesses that had already invested heavily in the TDMA standard and from TDMA's developer, Ericsson. The first commercial-scale CDMA cellular network was created in Hong Kong in 1995. On July 21, 1995, Primeco , which represented

2574-562: The Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy. In 2017, Jacobs received an honorary Doctor of Engineering and Technology degree from Yale University . In 2017, Jacobs and Viterbi received the IEEE Milestone Award for their CDMA and spread spectrum development that drives the mobile industry. In February 2018, he was appointed an honorary advisor to the president of National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. In March 2018, he

2652-607: The Chinese market through a partnership with China Unicom in 2000, which launched the first CDMA-based network in China in 2003. China became a major market for Qualcomm's semiconductor products, representing more than fifty percent of its revenues, but also the source of many legal disputes regarding Qualcomm's intellectual property. By 2007, $ 500 million of Qualcomm's annual revenues were coming from Korean manufacturers. Initially, Qualcomm's manufacturing operations were limited to

2730-699: The FCC was scrapped in 1988, when the FCC told all twelve vendors that submitted proposals to form a joint venture to create a single proposal. Qualcomm further developed the CDMA techniques for commercial use and submitted them to the Cellular Telephone Industries Association (CTIA) in 1989 as an alternative to the time-division multiple access (TDMA) standard for second-generation cell-phone networks. A few months later, CTIA officially rejected Qualcomm's CDMA standard in favor of

2808-570: The ITU. Both companies agreed to cross-license their technology to each other and to work together on 3G standards. A compromise was eventually reached whereby the ITU would initially endorse three standards: CDMA2000 1X, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA. Qualcomm agreed to license its CDMA patents for variants such as WCDMA. There were 240 million CDMA 3G subscribers by 2004 and 143 carriers in 67 countries by 2005. Qualcomm claimed to own 38 percent of WCDMA's essential patents, whereas European GSM interests sponsored

2886-612: The Jacobs School of Engineering. In 2007, Jacobs and Viterbi received the 2007 IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award , for "fundamental contributions, innovation, and leadership that enabled the growth of wireless telecommunications". In 2009, he was named a Fellow of AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science). In 2011, he received the Marconi Prize together with Jack Wolf . In 2011, he

2964-960: The Korean telecommunications infrastructure. A CDMA standard was adopted as the national wireless standard in Korea in May 1993 with commercial CDMA networks being launched in 1996. CDMA networks were also launched in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, India, and Venezuela. Qualcomm entered the Russian and Latin American markets in 2005. By 2007, Qualcomm's technology was in cell phone networks in more than 105 countries. Qualcomm also formed licensing agreements with Nokia in Europe, Nortel in Canada, and with Matsushita and Mitsubishi in Japan. Qualcomm entered

3042-528: The LTE (long-term evolution) standard. No cellular networks adopted UMB. Qualcomm halted development of UMB in 2005 and decided to support the LTE standard, even though it didn't rely as heavily on Qualcomm patents. Then, Qualcomm purchased LTE-related patents through acquisitions. By 2012, Qualcomm held 81 seminal patents used in 4G LTE standards, or 12.46 percent. Qualcomm also became more focused on using its intellectual property to manufacture semiconductors in

3120-506: The OmniTRACS system that was deemed one of the world's most "technologically advanced two-way mobile satellite communications and tracking systems". He pioneered these systems which use the communication bandwidth more efficiently than the older fixed time-sliced TDMA technology. Its Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has been adopted as one of two digital standards (the other being Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM]) used in

3198-400: The U.S. Committee on Foreign Investment and blocked by an executive order from U.S. President Donald Trump , citing national security concerns. Qualcomm's NXP acquisition then became a part of the 2018 China–United States trade war . U.S. President Donald Trump blocked China-based ZTE Corporation from buying American-made components, such as those from Qualcomm. The ZTE restriction

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3276-613: The UAE. By 2023, the company had launched operations in the United States , servicing New York City, Dallas, and Austin in Texas. The company secured seed funding of $ 1 million in January 2015 from investors including Accel Partners and SAIF Partners. The startup then raised a Series A investment of $ 10 million from investors SAIF Partners and Accel Partners, which it used to grow across the entire country. It then raised $ 25 million in

3354-865: The United States with 35 percent coming from South Korea. In 2005, Paul E. Jacobs , son of Qualcomm founder Irwin Jacobs, was appointed as Qualcomm's new CEO. Whereas Irwin Jacobs focused on CDMA patents, Paul Jacobs refocused much of Qualcomm's new research and development on projects related to the Internet of things . In the same year they acquired Flarion Technologies, a developer of wireless broadband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access (OFDMA) technology. Qualcomm announced Steven Mollenkopf would succeed Paul Jacobs as CEO in December 2013. Mollenkopf said he would expand Qualcomm's focus to wireless technology for cars, wearable devices, and other new markets. Qualcomm announced its intent to acquire NXP Semiconductors for $ 47 billion in October 2016. The deal

3432-523: The acquisition of NUVIA. In mid-1985, Qualcomm was hired by Hughes Aircraft to provide research and testing for a satellite network proposal to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The following year, Qualcomm filed its first CDMA patent (No. 4,901,307). This patent established Qualcomm's overall approach to CDMA and later became one of the most frequently cited technical documents in history. The project with

3510-534: The cellular industry. In 2001, Jacobs was awarded the Bower Award for Business Leadership in 2001. In 2004, Jacobs and his wife Joan Jacobs are contributors to public arts and education in San Diego. For this, Jacobs was awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship in 2004. In 2005, Jacobs delivered the 2005 commencement speech at MIT , and the 2008 commencement speech at

3588-485: The chip designs using Arm licenses developed by NUVIA could not be transferred to its parent Qualcomm without permission. Qualcomm indicated that its licenses with Arm cover custom-designed processors. In January 2023, the company announced a new partnership with Salesforce to develop a connected vehicle platform for automakers using the Snapdragon digital chassis. In May 2023, Qualcomm announced their intent to purchase Israeli fabless chipmaking company Autotalks for

3666-462: The fields of engineering and computer science, as well as the arts, and are focused in the San Diego area. The San Diego Union-Tribune in 2011 dubbed him the "Philanthropist in Chief". As of September 2009, Jacobs had donated a total of $ 31 million to his post graduate degrees school, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He had donated $ 15 million and another $ 110 million to

3744-448: The first carriers to implement CDMA networks instead of TDMA. Motorola , a prior TDMA advocate, conducted CDMA test implementations in Hong Kong and Los Angeles. This was followed by a $ 2 million trial network in San Diego for Airtouch Communications . In November 1991, 14 carriers and manufacturers conducted large-scale CDMA field tests. Results from the test implementations convinced CTIA to re-open discussions regarding CDMA and

3822-727: The former train station baggage building which was named in their honor. Jacobs has pledged $ 120 million for the San Diego Symphony , a similar amount for the Jacobs School of Engineering at the University of California, San Diego, $ 100 million for UCSD's future specialty hospital and $ 20 million to replace the central library in downtown San Diego. Also in 2005, the Joan and Irwin Jacobs Center for

3900-461: The holding companies was acquired by Bharti in May 2012 and the remaining was acquired in October 2012 by AT&T. According to Fortune Magazine , Qualcomm has been developing technologies for future 5G standards in three areas: radios that would use bandwidth from any network it has access to, creating larger ranges of spectrum by combining smaller pieces, and a set of services for Internet of things applications. Qualcomm's first 5G modem chip

3978-599: The infrastructure division marked the beginning of an increase in Qualcomm's stock price and stronger financial performance, but many of the 1,200 employees involved were discontented working for a competitor and losing their stock options. This led to a protracted legal dispute regarding employee stock options, resulting in $ 74 million in settlements by 2005. 3G standards were expected to force prior TDMA carriers onto CDMA, in order to meet 3G bandwidth goals. The two largest GSM manufacturers, Nokia and Ericsson, advocated for

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4056-420: The investment company SSW Partners. In June 2022, Qualcomm acquired Israeli startup Cellwize through its investment arm Qualcomm Ventures. In August 2022, Bloomberg News reported that Qualcomm was planning to return to server CPU market based on NUVIA's product. Later that month, Arm Ltd. announced that it sued Qualcomm and NUVIA for breaching license agreements and trademark violations. Arm cited that

4134-412: The more established TDMA standard developed by Ericsson . At the time, CDMA wasn't considered viable in high-volume commercial applications due to the near-far field effect, whereby phones closer to a cell tower with a stronger signal drown out callers that are further away and have a weaker signal. Qualcomm filed three additional patents in 1989. They were for: a power management system that adjusts

4212-467: The next generation of cellular telephones in North America at the time. Jacobs announced in March 2009 that he had stepped down as chairman of Qualcomm and that Paul E. Jacobs , his son, would succeed him. Jacobs was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1982 for contributions to communication theory and practice, and leadership in high-technology product development. He

4290-515: The phone. South Korean carrier KTFreeTel was the first to adopt the Brew system in November 2001, followed by Verizon in March 2002 for its "Get it Now" program. There were 2.5 million Brew users by the end of 2002 and 73 million in 2003. In 2004, Qualcomm created a MediaFLO subsidiary to bring its FLO (forward link only) specification to market. Qualcomm built an $ 800 million MediaFLO network of cell towers to supplement carrier networks with one that

4368-734: The rating policy, mentioning that service partners typically have an average rating of about 4.83. He noted that while this may appear elevated, many customers tend to give a full 5 stars. He also commented that "local politicians and unions often exploit these disagreements to exert pressure on the company." Qualcomm Qualcomm Incorporated ( / ˈ k w ɒ l k ɒ m / ) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Diego , California, and incorporated in Delaware . It creates semiconductors, software and services related to wireless technology. It owns patents critical to

4446-484: The round. In June 2021, Urban Company Raises USD 255 Million In Series F Funding led by new investors Prosus Ventures, Dragoneer and Wellington Management , with participation from existing investors Vy Capital, Tiger Global and Steadview capital at $ 2.1 billion valuation. In July 2024, Urban Company secured $ 50 million funding from Dharana Capital involving a secondary transaction, where Dharana Capital bought shares from employees and other shareholders. In June 2023,

4524-480: The signal strength of each call to adjust for the near-far field effect; a "soft handoff" methodology for transferring callers from one cell-tower to the next; and a variable rate encoder, which reduces bandwidth usage when a caller isn't speaking. After the FCC said carriers were allowed to implement standards not approved by the CTIA, Qualcomm began pitching its CDMA technology directly to carriers. This started what

4602-503: The station for decades. In 2010, he funded an engineering study on how to fulfill a proposal to remove automobiles from the Plaza de Panama in San Diego's Balboa Park and agreed to chair a committee to study the proposal and develop private funding for it. Irwin and Joan Jacobs donated $ 5 million in 2002 to the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego downtown location for the renovation of

4680-583: Was a series of legal disputes about pricing for licensing patents required by the standard. Over the years, Qualcomm has expanded into selling semiconductor products in a predominantly fabless manufacturing model. It also developed semiconductor components or software for vehicles, watches, laptops, wi-fi, smartphones, and other devices. Qualcomm was created in July 1985 by seven former Linkabit employees led by Irwin Jacobs. Other co-founders included Andrew Viterbi , Franklin Antonio, Adelia Coffman, Andrew Cohen, Klein Gilhousen, and Harvey White. The company

4758-436: Was announced in October 2016 and a prototype was demonstrated in October 2017. Qualcomm's first 5G antennas were announced in July 2018. As of 2018, Qualcomm had partnerships with 19 mobile device manufacturers and 18 carriers to commercialize 5G technology. By late 2019, several phones were being sold with Qualcomm's 5G technology incorporated. Qualcomm acquired an email application called Eudora in 1991. By 1996, Eudora

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4836-410: Was approved by U.S. antitrust regulators in April 2017 with some standard-essential patents excluded to get the deal approved. As the NXP acquisition was ongoing, Broadcom made a $ 103 billion offer to acquire Qualcomm, and Qualcomm rejected the offer. Broadcom attempted a hostile takeover , and raised its offer, eventually to $ 121 billion. The potential Broadcom acquisition was investigated by

4914-408: Was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation . In 1994, he was also awarded the "Cornell University Entrepreneur of the Year" Award. In 1995, Jacobs won the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal – For outstanding contributions to telecommunications, including leadership, theory, practice, and product development. In 2000, Jacobs was inducted into the Wireless Hall of Fame for his role in

4992-409: Was elected to the American Philosophical Society . In August and October 2014, Jacobs was awarded honorary doctorates by National Tsing Hua University , Taiwan, and Hong Kong Polytechnic University . In 2014, Jacobs was elected to the Computer History Museum as a Fellow – for "his pioneering work in digital mobile telephony, data and communications, and technology". In 2015, Jacobs received

5070-467: Was established with the objective of addressing the fragmented home services market, with an initial emphasis on delivering reliable and convenient beauty services in the home environment. In January 2020, the company rebranded from UrbanClap to Urban Company, aiming to become a comprehensive platform offering a variety of services and expanding into international markets. Following this rebrand, Urban Company extended its services to Australia, Singapore, and

5148-399: Was followed by the AT&T Mobile TV service a couple months later. The MediaFlo service was launched on Super Bowl Sunday in 2007. Despite the interest the service got among carriers, it was unpopular among consumers. The service required users to pay for a subscription and have phones that were equipped with special semiconductors. The service was discontinued in 2011 and its spectrum

5226-437: Was from an Omnitracs contract with Schneider National . Omnitracs profits helped fund Qualcomm's research and development into code-division multiple access (CDMA) technologies for cell phone networks. Qualcomm was operating at a loss in the 1990s due to its investment in CDMA research. To obtain funding, the company filed an initial public offering in September 1991, raising $ 68 million . An additional $ 486 million

5304-483: Was inexperienced with mass manufacturing. In 1994, Qualcomm partnered with Northern Telecom and formed a joint partnership with Sony , in order to leverage their manufacturing expertise. Nokia , Samsung and Motorola introduced their own CDMA phones in 1997. Qualcomm's manufacturing business was losing money due to large capital equipment costs and declining prices caused by competition. Also, in March 1997, after Qualcomm introduced its Q phone, Motorola initiated

5382-481: Was installed on 63 percent of PCs. Microsoft Outlook eclipsed Eudora, since it was provided for free by default on Windows-based machines. By 2003 Qualcomm's Eudora was the most popular alternative to Microsoft Outlook, but still had only a five percent share of the market. Software development for Eudora was retired in 2006. In 2001, Qualcomm introduced Brew , a smartphone app development service with APIs to access contacts, billing, app-stores, or multimedia on

5460-429: Was lifted after the two countries reached an agreement, but then Trump raised tariffs against Chinese goods. Qualcomm extended a tender offer to NXP at least 29 times pending Chinese approval, before abandoning the deal in July 2018. On January 6, 2021, Qualcomm appointed its president and chip division head Cristiano Amon as its new chief executive. On January 13, 2021, Qualcomm announced it would acquire NUVIA,

5538-475: Was named Qualcomm for "Quality Communications". It started as a contract research and development center largely for government and defense projects. Qualcomm merged with Omninet in 1988 and raised $ 3.5 million in funding to produce the Omnitracs satellite communications system for trucking companies. Qualcomm grew from eight employees in 1986 to 620 employees in 1991, due to demand for Omnitracs. By 1989, Qualcomm had $ 32 million in revenue, 50 percent of which

5616-726: Was named a Marconi Prize recipient and Marconi Fellow. In 2011, Jacobs was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum . In 2012, Jacobs was named the W. P. Carey School of Business Dean's Council of 100 Executive of the Year. In 2013, Jacobs was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame . In 2013, he received the Medal of Honor from

5694-623: Was named the winner of IMEC Lifetime of Innovation Award. In July 2019, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of York , UK. In October 2019, he received the IET Mountbatten Medal in London. As the co-founder and chairman of Qualcomm , Jacobs has contributed hundreds of millions of dollars to the field of education through donations and grants to several schools and organizations. His donations have gone mostly towards fellowships and scholarships for students in

5772-413: Was raised in 1995 through the sale of 11.5 million more shares. The second funding round was done to raise money for the mass manufacturing of CDMA-based phones, base-stations, and equipment, after most US-based cellular networks announced they would adopt the CDMA standard. The company had $ 383 million in annual revenue in 1995 and $ 814 million by 1996. In 1998, Qualcomm was restructured, leading to

5850-833: Was renaming its list of pending United States Supreme Court cases the "Joan and Irwin Jacobs Supreme Court Docket" in honor of the couple's $ 20 million gift, the largest one-time endowment gift in the organization's history. In August 2010, Irwin and Joan Jacobs joined the Giving Pledge , pledging to give away most of their fortune to philanthropy. In 1954, Jacobs married a New York City native, dietician, and fellow Cornell graduate (1952), Joan Klein. They reside in La Jolla, California , and have four sons. Their son Paul E. Jacobs succeeded Irwin as CEO of Qualcomm until stepping down in March 2014. Jeff Jacobs

5928-452: Was sold to AT&T for $ 1.93 billion. Qualcomm rebooted the effort in 2013 with LTE Broadcast, which uses pre-existing cell towers to broadcast select content locally on a dedicated spectrum, such as during major sporting events. Based on technology acquired from Iridigm in 2004 for $ 170 million, Qualcomm began commercializing Mirasol displays in 2007, which was expanded into eight products in 2008. Mirasol uses natural light shining on

6006-542: Was the chief marketing officer of Qualcomm. Hal Jacobs, the second oldest, played on the 1985 USA Maccabiah Games volleyball team, and is a co-producer of the musical Jersey Boys . Their eldest son, Gary E. Jacobs , is the head of the board of the Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech High Charter School . His granddaughter, Sara Jacobs , a Democratic politician, is the representative for California's 53rd congressional district . His wife, Joan Jacobs, died on May 6, 2024 at

6084-745: Was the co-recipient, with Andrew J. Viterbi, the 1980 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) biannual award. In 1992, Jacobs was awarded the Entrepreneur of the Year Award in High Technology by the Institute of American Entrepreneurs, and in May 1993, he was awarded the American Electronics Association (AEA) "Inventing America's Future" award. In 1994, for his development of CDMA , Jacobs

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