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51-730: The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino , founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino . Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale , rebuilt by Luciano Laurana . The city lies in a hilly region, at the foothills of the Northern Apennines and the Tuscan-Romagnolo Apennines. It

102-472: A fascist elementary school "Giovanni Pascoli" (1932) built on the ancient Garden of Saint Lucia (part of the duke's private gardens), the restoration of the palace-Mauruzi Gherardi, then the seat of the court, as well as the Student House, to compensate for the shortage of accommodation as a result of the large increase in university population and housing for the maimed and disabled civilians. In 1938,

153-459: A modern European " gentleman " for centuries to come. Cesare Borgia dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltro , Duke of Urbino, and Elisabetta Gonzaga in 1502, with the complicity of his father, Pope Alexander VI . After the attempt of Pope Leo X to appoint a young Medici as duke, thwarted by the early death of Lorenzo II de Medici in 1519, Urbino was part of the Papal States , under

204-570: A new urban layout with the large spit of land below the Doge's Palace incorporated into the city, called the Pincio. These urban transformations brought about a change in access to the city. Instead of passing through narrow, winding streets, through the gates of the walls, now one could enter through the Porta Nuova in an easier and convenient way to arrive in the present Piazza della Repubblica and

255-739: A number of libraries making up the University Library System, along with the Foundation ' Carlo and Marise Bo' for Modern and Contemporary European Literature library. The University does not have its own residence halls . However, a number of colleges and dormitories for University of Urbino students are owned and managed by the regional office for the right to academic education. They include four colleges ( Vela , Tridente , Aquilone and Serpentine ) and one female dormitory ( Casa Studentessa ) in Urbino, one college located in

306-464: A skillful diplomat and an enthusiastic patron of art and literature. He rose to power in 1444 as the son of Guidantonio , after a conspiracy and the murder of the legitimate heir Oddantonio , hated for his "unbridled lust" and excessive taxes. Federico began a reorganization of the state, which also included a restructuring of the city according to a modern conception - comfortable, efficient and beautiful. At his court, Piero della Francesca wrote on

357-484: A walled hill-town in the region of Marche , located in the north-eastern part of central Italy. The University was founded as Law school in 1506 by Guidobaldo da Montefeltro , Duke of Urbino, with the name of "Collegio dei Dottori" ('school of doctors', while in Italy doctor was – and is – a title attributed to anyone with a master's degree). Starting from the 1960s/70s, under the guidance of Carlo Bo as Rector and in

408-528: Is awarded by the University every year in recognition of contributions in the history of science by young researchers. It was inaugurated in 2022. Awardees: Vincenzo de Risi (Italy, 2022), Flavia Marcacci (Italy, 2023). [REDACTED] 43°43′19″N 12°38′13″E  /  43.72194°N 12.63694°E  / 43.72194; 12.63694 Della Rovere The House of Della Rovere ( pronounced [della ˈroːvere] ; literally "of

459-557: Is within the southern area of Montefeltro , an area classified as medium-high seismic risk. Nearly 65 seismic events have affected the town of Urbino between 1511 and 1998. They include 24 April 1741, when the shocks were stronger than VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale , with an epicenter in Fabriano (where it reached 6.08 on the moment magnitude scale). The originally modest Roman town of Urbinum Mataurense ("the little city on

510-509: The Duchy of Urbino in 1504, this through the intercession of Julius II. In 1508, Francesco Maria inherited the duchy thereby starting the line of Rovere Dukes of Urbino. That dynasty ended in 1626 when Pope Urban VIII incorporated Urbino into the papal dominions . As compensation to the last sovereign duke, the title only could be continued by Francesco Maria II , and after his death by his heir, Federico Ubaldo . Vittoria , last descendant of

561-610: The Galilean revolution and the candidates are chosen according to their contributions to the history of science. It has been awarded annually since 2014, with no award being made in 2019. The 2021 and 2022 medals were awarded in 2022 and 2023. Awardees: Reviel Netz (Israel, 2014), William René Shea  [ fr ] (Canada, 2015), Enrico Gamba (Italy, 2016), Roger Penrose (UK, 2017), Jürgen Renn (Germany, 2018), Monica Ugaglia (Italy, 2020), Victor Pambuccian (Romania, 2021), Karine Chemla (France, 2022). The Dal Monte Medal

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612-584: The Marche was included in the Statuto Albertino , and then, on 17 December, it was made official with the issuance of a royal decree. The new government began the confiscation of various ecclesiastical goods, including good part of the convent of San Francisco (where a part of a botanical garden, designed by Vincenzo Ghinelli, was located), the monastery of Santa Chiara , that of San Girolamo, and many others. The century began quietly. In addition to

663-521: The Nazis and executed on the current Punto Panoramica, where memorials are now placed celebrating their sacrifice. The second half of the twentieth century was characterized in Urbino by the cooperation with the major public institutions (the University and the City) by the architect Giancarlo De Carlo . This relationship began in 1956 when Carlo Bo , former rector of the University, commissioned from De Carlo

714-535: The Palazzo Ducale (the city center). This urban renewal reflected many of the ideas of Fulvio Corboli but its design was largely done by the architect Vincenzo Ghinelli. On 8 September 1860 the Piedmontese troops entered Urbino from Port Saint Lucia, forcing the surrender of the last resistance of the papal army under the portico of the childhood house of Raphael. But it was not until 29 September, with

765-493: The Piazza della Repubblica, with construction that lasted until the early part of the twentieth century. In addition, another important change was the destruction, in 1868, of a part of the walls to create a customs barrier, called Porta Nuova or barrier Margherita (in honor of Princess Margaret of Savoy ), which was necessitated by a new road that ran along a stretch of the walls and was connected to Corso Garibaldi. This resulted in

816-609: The University enjoyed unprecedented growth in size and prestige, prompting the former president of the European Commission , Roy Jenkins , to state that "the University of Urbino is an incisive presence in contemporary thought, contributing in original ways to the cultural and intellectual life of Europe". This was also the period in which architect Giancarlo De Carlo designed and built the University Halls of Residence and redesigned and modernised several of

867-615: The archbishop. The state was ruled thereafter by a papal legate , generally belonging to high ecclesiastical hierarchy. Following the annexation of the duchy by the Papal States, the rich artistic heritage (including furniture) of the Ducal Palace went to form, for the most part, the dowry of the last direct descendant of the Della Rovere, Vittoria della Rovere , who married Ferdinand II de Medici. These works went on to form

918-458: The artistic development from the Scuola del Libro, Urbino also began to grow as a university town, with the elevation to university faculty of nineteenth-century School of Pharmacy and the birth of the department of Education (approximately 1934). Due to these changes in the University, an increase in the student population led to housing shortages that highlighted the state of total unpreparedness of

969-627: The capture of Ancona, that the total conquest of the Marche region was completed by the Piedmont army. Between 4 and 5 November, the plebiscite was held for the annexation of the Marche to the Kingdom of Sardinia , which ended with 133,783 votes in favor, 260 votes against and 1,212 invalid ballots. In the province of Urbino (excluding the territory of Pesaro) the count was 21,111 for and 365 against with 29 invalid ballots. Subsequently, on 10 November,

1020-581: The city was designated as the headquarters for the fledgling Soprintendenza alle Gallerie e alle Opere d'Arte delle Marche, roughly translated as the Organization of Galleries and Works of Art of the Marche. With the outbreak of World War II the city suffered no bombing, thanks to the large red cross painted on the roof of the Ducal Palace and an agreement between the Germans and the Allies. Only towards

1071-406: The city, so much that for the first time many students were housed in the homes of private citizens. The problem was partly solved with the establishment of the male boarding school "Raphael" at the beginning of the century, and the female boarding school "Laura Battiferri" in approximately 1926. The fascist dictatorship left its mark on the city, especially from an architectural point of view, with

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1122-472: The close countryside. The main accommodation blocks are situated at a quite short distance from the historic town center. Urbino has been a centre for culture and studies since the age of Federico da Montefeltro . The Law school was founded in 1506. Nowadays the University of Urbino is also renowned for teaching and research in Sports Science , Humanities , Biology and Computer science , and for

1173-586: The close relationship with De Carlo, the city has hosted twice (1976–81, and 1992–93) the laboratories of the ILAUD , founded and directed by the Genoese architect. One of the last of De Carlo actions was the preparation, between 1989 and 1994, of the New General Plan. The clay earth of Urbino, which still supports industrial brickworks, supplied a cluster of earthenware manufactories ( botteghe ) making

1224-506: The construction of a multi-story underground car park under Torricini's famous Ducal Palace and the restoration of the helical ramp under the theater by Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1971–75), in collaboration with the City. They also developed the project of renovation of the Sanzio theater (1977–82) and the renovation project, much discussed, of the ancient Ducal Stables. In addition, thanks to

1275-637: The core of the future Uffizi Gallery . Among the works that went to Florence is the diptych of the Dukes of Urbino by Piero della Francesca . Other works of the Ducal Palace were brought to Rome , such as the Barberini Ex Tables of Fra Carnevale and the famous library, absorbed entirely by the Vatican Library in 1657. The eighteenth century opened with the election to the papacy (1701) of Cardinal Giovan Francesco Albani Urbino, under

1326-460: The death of Francesco Maria II in 1631, and the family died out with the death of his granddaughter Vittoria , Grand Duchess of Tuscany . Francesco Della Rovere was born into a poor family in Liguria in north-west Italy in 1414, the son of Leonardo della Rovere of Savona . A Franciscan who became Minister General of his order, then cardinal, he had a reputation for unworldliness until he

1377-562: The department of Magisterium (1968–76), the restructuring of the department of Law ( 1966–68 ) and the Battiferri building (1986–99) for the department of Economics. They are three significant examples of the inclusion of a contemporary architecture in an ancient surrounding, and are still studied today. The seventies were marked by a collaboration with the Municipality for a project called Operation Mercatale (1969–72), which included

1428-460: The dynasty of the dukes Della Rovere (1508–1631). They moved the court to the city of Pesaro in 1523 and Urbino began a slow decline that would continue until the last decades of the seventeenth century. In 1626, Pope Urban VIII definitively incorporated the Duchy into the papal dominions, the gift of the last Della Rovere duke, in retirement after the assassination of his heir, to be governed by

1479-696: The end of the war did the retreating German troops try to destroy all the ramparts of the walls, but luckily the mines were tampered with by the workers the Germans had hired from Urbino. During the Second World War, the then Superintendent of the Galleries and Works of Art in Urbino in the Marche Pasquale Rotondi secretly placed around 10,000 priceless works (including those of Giorgione , Piero della Francesca , Paolo Uccello , Titian , Mantegna , Raphael and many more, from all

1530-464: The following years, the University succeeded in buying up numerous derelict buildings in the historic centre of the town (now a UNESCO World Heritage Site ), there buildings which have since been restored and used as faculty, department and library buildings. While the student body and faculties gradually increased and developed over time, it was under the long-lasting rectorship of professor Carlo Bo , distinguished humanist and Senator for Life , that

1581-405: The good reputation of its courses. Until 2013 the university was divided into 11 faculties: Following the approval of the so-called Gelmini reform in 2009, and starting from the 2013/2014 academic year, the faculty-based organisation was replaced by a department-based structure. It is currently composed of the following departments and institutes: The University offers to students and staff

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1632-480: The internal renovation project of Montefeltro- Bonaventure building, headquarters of the University. Immediately after that, the Genoese architect was commissioned by the City to prepare the General Plan (1958–64) aimed at the recovery of the historical center, which had been in poor condition and was in danger of losing several neighborhoods including the Palazzo Ducale to the land subsidence below. This problem

1683-486: The main patron of the most significant works until the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1789, the collapse of the cathedral dome following a massive earthquake led to the total renovation of the church. Between 1797 and 1800 the city was occupied by French troops, like much of northern and central Italy. Urbino and its territory lost many important works of art to the French, who moved objects to Paris or Milan , to

1734-697: The major museums in Italy) that were being stolen by the Nazis into the Rock of Sassocorvaro . His actions gained worldwide recognition and to this day the Rock of Sassocorvaro is known as the "Ark of Art". Urbino was liberated from the Nazi occupation on 28 August 1944, thanks to the British V Corps, Polish troops, and the heroic actions of partisan groups in the area. Some of the members of these partisan groups were captured by

1785-528: The manner of Raphael's stanze at the Vatican. Other centers of 16th century wares in the Duchy of Urbino were at Gubbio and Castel Durante . The great name in Urbino majolica was that of Nicolo Pillipario's son Guido Fontana. University of Urbino The University of Urbino Carlo Bo ( Italian : Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo , UniUrb ) is an Italian university located in Urbino ,

1836-501: The name of Clement XI . This was a windfall for the city, especially in terms of arts and culture, thanks to funding by Pope Albani and his family. Major renovations took place, such as Palazzo Albani, the town hall, the archbishop's palace, the Chapel Albani (inside the convent of St. Francis), Saint Joseph's Oratory , and the internal structure of the churches of San Francesco , San Domenico and San Agostino. In addition, due to

1887-643: The nascent galleries of the Louvre and Brera . The century opened with the consecration in 1809 of the new Duomo di Urbino , as designed by the architect Giuseppe Valadier . He also restored the city's Montefeltro-era buildings such as the old seminary, adjacent to the church of St. Sergius, now partly occupied by the Hotel Raffaello. Following the construction of the New Palace of Alban (1831), designed by architect Peter Ghinelli , which gave rise to

1938-529: The oak tree") was a powerful Italian noble family . It had humble origins in Savona , in Liguria , and acquired power and influence through nepotism and ambitious marriages arranged by two Della Rovere popes: Francesco Della Rovere, who ruled as Sixtus IV from 1471 to 1484 and his nephew Giuliano, who became Julius II in 1503. Sixtus IV built the Sistine Chapel , which was named after him. Julius II

1989-517: The patronage of the pope and his family, the Duomo di Urbino received many improvements. From July 1717 to November 1718 Urbino hosted the court of James Stuart , the exiled pretender to the British throne, who had the strong backing of the papacy. With the death of Clement XI in 1721, the city began a long decline that has continued to the present day. After the pope's death, the Albani family remained

2040-584: The possession of the House of Montefeltro . These noblemen had no direct authority over the commune; however, they could pressure it to elect them to the position of podestà . Bonconte di Montefeltro obtained this title in 1213: Urbino's population rebelled and formed an alliance with the independent commune of Rimini (1228), finally regaining independence in 1234. Eventually, though, the Montefeltro noblemen took control once more, and held it until 1508. In

2091-420: The present Piazza della Repubblica that went on to form the first part of the future Corso Garibaldi, the city experienced a number of urban improvements designed to change the face of the city. From the construction of the Sanzio theater (1845–53) came the final realization of Corso Garibaldi, with a covered walkway on the downhill side to that ensure theater-goers were sheltered from rain and snow on their walk to

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2142-742: The river Mataurus") became an important strategic stronghold during the Gothic Wars of the 6th century. In 538, it was captured from the Ostrogoths by the Byzantine general Belisarius , and is frequently mentioned by the historian Procopius . Pepin the Short (King of the Franks) presented Urbino to the Papacy in 754–56. Its commune later had some independence until around 1200, when it came into

2193-553: The science of perspective, Francesco di Giorgio Martini wrote his Trattato di architettura ( Treatise on Architecture ) and Raphael 's father, Giovanni Santi , wrote his poetical account of the chief artists of his time. Federico's brilliant court, according to the descriptions in Baldassare Castiglione 's Il Cortegiano ( The Book of the Courtier , published in 1528), set standards of what would characterize

2244-757: The scientific campus between Urbino and Fermignano , and a number of rented private accommodation blocks in Pesaro and Fano , paid for by the regional government. The Commandino Medal is awarded by the University every year in recognition of extraordinary contributions in the history of science. The commission charged with awarding the Commandino medal is appointed by the Director of the International Study Center Urbino and Perspective. Scientific humanism from Piero and Leonardo to

2295-660: The struggles between the Guelphs and Ghibellines , when factions supported either the Papacy or the Holy Roman Empire respectively, the 13th and 14th century Montefeltro lords of Urbino were leaders of the Ghibellines of the Marche and in the Romagna region. The most famous member of the Montefeltro family, Federico da Montefeltro , ruled as Duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. He was a very successful condottiere ,

2346-424: The tin-glazed pottery known as maiolica . Simple local wares were being made in the 15th century at Urbino, but after 1520 the Della Rovere dukes, Francesco Maria I della Rovere and his successor Guidobaldo II , encouraged the industry, which exported wares throughout Italy, first in a manner called istoriato using engravings after Mannerist painters, then in a style of light arabesques and grottesche after

2397-460: The university's other buildings. The University of Urbino currently has six departments and two institutes, over 14,000 students, many of whom are from overseas, about 800 teachers and 400 administrative staff members. Like already explained, the University occupies numerous buildings throughout the historic town centre of Urbino, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as whole, and this its de facto Campus . The University also occupies buildings in

2448-409: Was elected pope in 1471. As Sixtus IV he was both wealthy and powerful, and at once set about giving power and wealth to his nephews of the Della Rovere and Riario families. Within months of his election, he had made Giuliano della Rovere (the future pope Julius II) and Pietro Riario both cardinals and bishops ; four other nephews were also made cardinals. He made Giovanni Della Rovere , who

2499-521: Was not a priest, prefect of Rome , and arranged for him to marry into the da Montefeltro family, dukes of Urbino . Sixtus claimed descent from a noble Della Rovere family, the counts of Vinovo in Piemonte , and adopted their coat-of-arms . Guidobaldo da Montefeltro adopted Francesco Maria I della Rovere , his sister's child and nephew of Pope Julius II . Guidobaldo I, who was heirless, called Francesco Maria at his court, and named him as heir of

2550-621: Was patron to Michelangelo , Raphael and many other Renaissance artists and started the modern rebuilt of St. Peter's Basilica . Also the Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome was the family church of the Della Rovere. Members of the family were influential in the Church of Rome , and as dukes of Urbino , dukes of Sora and lords of Senigallia ; the title of Urbino was extinguished with

2601-459: Was solved thanks to state funding derived from two special laws enacted for the city (in 1968 and in 1982 ). Subsequently, De Carlo realized several projects for the university including the college's dormitories, near the Capuchin church outside the city center, an interesting example of how architecture can merge with the surrounding landscape. He also completed projects like the construction of

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