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77-588: The Aabach (also Aa , or Ustermer Aa for disambiguation with the Mönchaltorfer Aa ) is a minor river in the canton of Zürich , Switzerland . At a length of 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi), it flows from Pfäffikersee to the Greifensee . Its valley is known as Aatal ("Aa Valley"), eponymous of the settlement Aathal . This Canton of Zürich location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

154-547: A reformed or Protestant canton. Even though Zwingli died in battle in 1531, the canton remained a stronghold of the Swiss Reformed Church over the following centuries. While a plurality of the population is Protestant (43%), 31% of the population was Roman Catholic in 2004, a legacy of considerable immigration from Southern Europe. From the 2000 census , 497,986 or 39.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church , while 380,440 or 30.5% were Roman Catholic . Of

231-470: A diocese only in the east, at Augsburg (early 7th century). There were two Roman bishoprics, Windisch and Octodurum , which were moved early to other sites ( Avenches and Sitten respectively). Western Alamannia did eventually (7th century) receive a diocese ( Constance ) through the cooperation of the bishops of Chur and the Merovingian monarchs. The foundation of Constance is obscure, though it

308-562: A new cantonal constitution was adopted by popular vote, introducing additional direct democratic elements and the popular election of both the cantonal government and the cantonal representatives in the federal Council of States . The new constitution also abolished the death penalty (the last execution by hanging in Zurich took place in 1810, the last public execution by guillotine in 1865), guaranteed freedom of religion and freedom of association and introduced progressive taxes . In 1877,

385-681: A policy of aggressive territorial expansion especially during the century following the revolution of the guilds in 1336. Zurich joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1351. Zurich claimed and lost the Toggenburg in the Old Zürich War of the 1440s. The northern parts up to the river Rhine came to the canton after the city of Zurich purchased Winterthur from the Habsburgs in 1468. In 1651, Zurich purchased Rafzerfeld from

462-405: A rate of 12.7%. Migration accounted for 10.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.6%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (1,040,168 or 83.4%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (49,750 or 4.0%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (21,334 or 1.7%). There are 17,685 people who speak French and 2,606 people who speak Romansh . Of the population in

539-491: A river in Switzerland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Canton of Z%C3%BCrich The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit ( canton ) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in

616-539: A series of rivers generally flowing south-east to north-west, listed west to east: Reuss , Reppisch , Sihl , Linth - Limmat (forming Lake Zurich ), Glatt , Töss and Thur . The main lakes are the Lake Zurich (Linth-Limmat, 88 km ), Greifensee (Glatt, 8.4 km ) and Pfäffikersee (Glatt, 3.3 km ). Minor lakes include Türlersee (Limmat), Katzensee (Glatt), Hüttnersee (Sihl), Lützelsee (Limmat). Its neighbouring cantons are Schaffhausen to

693-478: A six or more room apartment cost an average of 2550.35 CHF (US$ 2040, £1150, €1630). The average apartment price in the city of Zurich was 115.5% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the canton, in 2010 , was 0.63%. The historical population is given in the following chart: In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich, and soon thereafter Zurich became

770-469: A tiny portion of the village of Laufen-Uhwiesen called Nohl . The blazon of the coat of arms is Per bend azure and argent. The Cantonal Council ( Kantonsrat ) has 180 members elected every four years. The canton is governed by a seven-member council ( Regierungsrat ). On 24 March 2019, the following were elected for four years: The canton is divided into 12 districts (German: Bezirke ): There are, as of December 2015 , 169 municipalities in

847-458: A tribal king. But there appears to have been the custom of the individual kings uniting under the leadership of a single king in military expeditions. Some kings of the Alemanni of the 4th and 5th centuries are known by name, the first being Chrocus (died 306), a military leader who organized raids across the limes during the 3rd century. Chnodomarius ( fl. 350) supported Constantius II in

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924-615: Is a mountain located near Fischenthal in the Töss Valley, between the cantons of Zurich (west) and St. Gallen (east). It is the highest summit (1,292 m (4,239 ft)) of the canton of Zurich. The Uetliberg is part of the Albis Range. This mountain is popular with the population of the city of Zurich for recreation. The vast majority of the canton lies to the south of the Rhine, the exceptions being Rafzerfeld as mentioned and

1001-406: Is not considered as an agricultural area. The lands to the north and east are more agricultural, but in every part of the canton manufacturing predominates. The canton of Zurich is noted for machinery. Silk and cotton weaving were important in the past, but have now ceased to be of importance. There is a large paper industry. Small and middle sized companies are important contributors to the economy of

1078-663: Is the last known king of the Alemanni. His raid on Passau is mentioned in the vita of Saint Lupus . The name of Gibuld's successor who was defeated at Tolbiac is not known. After their defeat in 496, the Alemanni bucked the Frankish yoke and put themselves under the protection of Theodoric the Great of the Ostrogoths but after his death they were again subjugated by the Franks under Theudebert I in 536. Thereafter, Alamannia

1155-470: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 20.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and 5.8% is unproductive land. Most of the canton consists of shallow river valleys which drain towards the High Rhine to the north. Rafzerfeld is a territory north of the Rhine acquired by the canton in 1651. In the northwest and southeast of the canton the territory rises towards

1232-473: The 2007 Federal election (33.9% in 2007 vs 29.8% in 2011). The SPS retained about the same popularity (19.8% in 2007), as well as the FDP (13.2% in 2007), while the glp was the big winner of the election (7.0% in 2007). Zurich has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 1,553,423. As of 2010 , 23.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at

1309-550: The Abbey of St. Gall . In c.  760 , an administrative re-organisation under counts Ruthard and Warin exempted the castle town of Zurich from comital rule. A county of Zürichgau was established under Louis the Pious , for a count Ruadker, in 820. Zürichgau ( Zurichgeuue ) remained a nominally separate territory in the later 9th century but was often ruled by the same count as Thurgau. In 915, Zürichgau together with Thurgau fell to

1386-717: The Ahalolfing family and not by the ducal house which ruled central Alamannia around Lake Constance . Rhaetia too, though Alamannic, was ruled by the Victorids coterminously with the Diocese of Chur . Alamannia was Christianised during the 7th century, although not as thoroughly as either Francia to its west or Bavaria to its east. The first Alamannic law code, Pactus Alamannorum , dates to this period. The Roman dioceses of Strasbourg and Basel covered Alsace and that of Chur, as mentioned, Rhaetia. Alamannia itself had

1463-796: The Black Forest , and the left and right banks of the Rhine , including Alsace and parts of the Swiss plateau , bordering on Upper Burgundy . The boundary with Burgundy, fixed in 843, ran along the lower Aare , turning towards the south at the Rhine, passing west of Lucerne and across the Alps along the upper Rhône to the Saint Gotthard Pass . In the north, the boundary ran from the Murg (some 30 km south of Karlsruhe ) to Heilbronn and

1540-696: The Bucharding dukes of Swabia . In the late 10th century, the county of Zurich was ruled by the Nellenburger , and during 1077–1172 by the Lenzburger . By the 13th century, Zürichgau was divided between the Habsburgs and the Kyburger , who held the territory west and east of Lake Zurich, respectively. The territory of the canton of Zurich corresponds to the lands acquired by the city of Zurich after it became reichsfrei in 1218. Zurich pursued

1617-544: The Canton of Aargau . In 1804 the Kantonspolizei Zürich was established as Landjägerkorps (rural police). A cantonal constitution was drawn up in 1814 and replaced in 1831 by a radical-liberal constitution. The Züriputsch , an armed uprising of the conservative rural population against the radical-liberal order , led to the dissolution of the cantonal government, and a provisional conservative government

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1694-661: The Duchy of Swabia since it was established by Burchard I (Duke of Alemannia from 909 to 911). The territory corresponds to what is still the area of Alemannic German in the modern period, French Alsace , German Baden and Swabia , German-speaking Switzerland and the Austrian Vorarlberg . In the area of present-day Switzerland , the Alemannic territory expanded during the High Middle Ages, with

1771-840: The Jura and Alps , respectively. The valley of the Linth leads into the Lake Zurich and continues as the Limmat . This valley is the most significant valley of the canton of Zurich. The valley of the Glatt originates in the Greifensee and is separated from the Limmat by ridges. The valley of the Töss is gorge-like. It is located in the east of the canton and is separated from the Toggenburg area in

1848-690: The Lech forming the border to Bavaria . Rezia ( Ries , ultimately from the name of the Roman province of Raetia ) in the Northeastern corner, left of the Danube (capital Nördlingen ). Linzgowe ( Linzgau ) and Argungowe (named for Argen River ) north of Lake Constance. Eritgau , Folcholtespara ( Folcholtsbaar ), Rammegowe ( Rammachgau ) and Illargowe (named for the Iller , capital Memmingen ) on

1925-648: The Nördlinger Ries . The eastern boundary was at the Lech . Argovia was disputed territory between the dukes of Alamannia and Burgundy. Burchard II , son of the late Burchard I and count in Raetia Curiensis, took the title of duke of Swabia , Duke acknowledged by the newly elected king Henry the Fowler in 919. The duchy of Swabia was ruled by the Hohenstaufen during 1079–1268 and

2002-601: The Rhine ) and Retia proper. Originally a loose confederation of unrelated tribes, the Alemanni underwent coalescence or ethnogenesis during the 3rd century, and were ruled by kings throughout the 4th and 5th centuries until 496, when they were defeated by Clovis I of the Franks at the Battle of Tolbiac . The Alemanni during the Roman Empire period were divided into a number of cantons or goviae , each presided by

2079-567: The Thur ; Zürichgau was detached from Thurgau in the 8th century). The territory between Alamannia and Upper Burgundy was known as Argowe (modern Aargau , named for the Aare ). The pertinence of this territory to either Alamannia or Upper Burgundy was disputed. The county of Raetia Curiensis was absorbed into Alamannia in the early 10th century. It comprised the Ringowe ( Rheingau , named for

2156-681: The Walser migration into the Alps, with the Zähringer and later the influence of Bern towards Upper Burgundy , and into Grisons as lower Raetia came under the rule of the Werdenberg counts. The Alamanni were pushed south from their original area of settlement in the Main basin and in the 5th and 6th century settled new territory on either side of the Rhine. Alemannia, under Frankish rule (later

2233-476: The canton of St. Gallen by a mountainous area. The Hörnli (1133 m) is the highest elevation of this mountain ridge. The valley of the river Sihl is located in the west of the canton. In converges with the Limmat in the city of Zurich. The Sihl is separated from the lake of Zurich by the Albis Range . The Albishorn (915 m (3,002 ft)) is the highest elevation of this range. The Schnebelhorn

2310-627: The cantons of Schwyz , St. Gallen and Zurich, make up a considerable portion of the 56 sites in Switzerland that are included in the UNESCO World Heritage Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps . Nine of these UNESCO World Heritage sites are located on the shore of Lake Zurich: Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn , Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld , Rapperswil-Jona/Hombrechtikon–Feldbach , Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum , Erlenbach–Winkel , Meilen–Rorenhaab , Wädenswil–Vorder Au , Zürich–Enge Alpenquai and Kleiner Hafner . Because

2387-500: The tertiary sector , with 58,796 businesses in this sector. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 678,306. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 8,120, of which 7,771 were in agriculture, 320 were in forestry or lumber production and 29 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 133,723 of which 81,212 or (60.7%) were in manufacturing, 774 or (0.6%) were in mining and 47,014 (35.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in

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2464-406: The "outer bailiwicks" ( Äussere Vogteien ) were ruled by the reeves of Kyburg , Grüningen , Greifensee , Eglisau , Regensberg , Andelfingen , Wädenswil , and Knonau . The city of Winterthur was nominally subject to Zurich but retained far-reaching autonomy. Zürichgau , the name of the medieval pagus , was in use for the territories of the city of Zurich during the 15th and 16th century;

2541-508: The 20th century. A first airport was built at Dübendorf in 1910, replaced by the international airport at Kloten in 1948. Rapid urbanisation expanded throughout the canton and beyond in the final decades of the 20th century, further accelerated by the S-Bahn from 1990, with only a few municipalities in Weinland , Knonaueramt and Oberland remaining out of easy commuting distance to

2618-522: The 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site , each of these 11 prehistoric pile dwellings is also listed as a Class object in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance . Zurihgauuia (Zürichgau) was a subdivision of Turgowe (Thurgau) in the Duchy of Alamannia , consisting roughly of the territory between Reuss and Töss . From the 740s, substantial portions of Zürichgau were owned by

2695-720: The 7th to 9th centuries centred on Lake Constance and included the High Rhine , the Black Forest and the Alsace on either side of the Upper Rhine , the upper Danube River basin as far as the confluence with the Lech River, with an unclear boundary towards Burgundy to the south-west in the Aare River basin (the Aargau ). Raetia Curiensis , although not part of Alemannia, was ruled by Alemannic counts, and became part of

2772-629: The Alamanni, and who committed to writing the second Alamannic law code, the Lex Alamannorum . In 743, Pepin the Short and Carloman waged a campaign to reduce Alamannia and in 746 Carloman began a final thrust to subdue the Alamannic nobility. Several thousand Alamanni noblemen were summarily arrested, tried, and executed for treason at a Council at Cannstatt . During the reign of Louis

2849-560: The Cantonal Laboratory Zurich was founded in order to regulate the quality of food and drinking water. The first cantonal chemist was Haruthiun Abeljanz , who was instrumental in setting up the new laboratory, moving it from an unpromising start in converted storage rooms to Lintheschergasse 10, which was located just behind the Pestalozziwiese, a memorial to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . The Cantonal Bank

2926-551: The Carolingian dynasties were appointed regulus or subregulus of Alemannia while at other times, Alemannia was under the direct administration of the Carolingian kings (after 843 kings of East Francia ). From the later 8th century, Alemannic dynasties were able to establish themselves once again. Variously called counts, or margraves, or dukes, these native dynasties during the later years of Carolingian rule managed to establish themselves as de facto independent, establishing

3003-581: The Danube . Nekargowe (named for the Neckar , capital Canstatt ). Swiggerstal (the modern Ermstal ), Filiwigawe (Filsgau, named for the Fils ), Trachgowe ( Drachgau , near Schwäbisch Gmünd ) and Alba ( Albuch ) between the Neckar and the Danube. Duria ( Duriagau ) between Ulm and Augsburg. Albegowe ( Allgäu ), Keltinstein (between Geltnach and Wertach ) and Augestigowe (capital Augsburg ) along

3080-584: The Duchy of Swabia) within the Holy Roman Empire, covered a territory that was more or less undisputed during the 7th to 13th centuries, organised into counties or pagi . In Swabia : Hegowe ( Hegau ), between Lake Constance, the upper Danube and the Swabian Jura . Perahtoltaspara ( Berchtoldsbaar ) in the upper Neckar basin, left of the upper Danube as far as Ulm , including the source of

3157-658: The High Middle Ages. The Brünig-Napf-Reuss line is a cultural boundary within High Alemannic which marks the division of Alemannia proper and the Argovia marches between Alemannia and Burgundy. The names for Germany in modern Arabic ( ألمانيا ), Catalan ( Alemanya ), Welsh ( Yr Almaen ), Cornish ( Almayn ), French ( Allemagne ), Persian ( ألمان ), Galician - Portuguese ( Alemanha ), Spanish ( Alemania ), and Turkish ( Almanya ) all derive from Alamannia. A similar correspondence exists for "German", both as

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3234-668: The Pious , there were tendencies to renewed independence in Alamannia, and the 830s were marked by bloody feuds between the Alamannic and Rhaetian nobility vying for dominion over the area. Following the Treaty of Verdun of 843, Alamannia became a province of East Francia , the kingdom of Louis the German , the precursor of the Kingdom of Germany . It was called a regnum in contemporary sources, though this does not necessarily mean that it

3311-399: The basis of the political organisation of East Francia after the collapse of the Carolingian dynasty in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. In the 10th century, no noble house of Alamannia succeeded in founding a ducal dynasty, as the Ottonians did in Saxony or the Liutpolding in Bavaria, though the Hunfridings came closest. The duchy encompassed the area surrounding Lake Constance,

3388-402: The canton ( Politische Gemeinden ). There were no changes between 1934 and 2013, but the following occurred after 2013. In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 29.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.3%), the FDP (11.6%) and the glp (11.5%). The SVP received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in

3465-456: The canton almost in monarchical fashion, and was popularly dubbed Alfred I. or Tsar of All Zurich . Escher controlled all cantonal institutions, at first with very little political opposition, expunging all trace of the conservative takeover of 1839. Under Escher, the city of Zurich rose to the status of economic and financial center it still retains. Opposition against the dominance of Sytstem Escher increased after 1863. The cantonal government

3542-408: The canton of Zurich. The city of Zurich is a major banking centre, and insurance is also of importance. In 2014, about 1.2% of the workers in Zurich work in the primary sector (the total for all of Switzerland is 3.3%). In 2014 the secondary sector employed 145,744 or about 14.7% of the total, which is much lower than 21.8% for the entire country. Of those in the secondary sector, over a quarter of

3619-520: The canton, 314,394 or about 25.2% were born in Zurich and lived there in 2000. There were 291,631 or 23.4% who were born in the same canton, while 284,461 or 22.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 310,532 or 24.9% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000 , children and teenagers (0–17 years old) make up 20.5% of the population, while adults (18–64 years old) make up 64.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15%. As of 2000 , there were 531,094 people who were single and never married in

3696-401: The canton. There were 566,636 married individuals, 66,012 widows or widowers and 84,164 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 567,573 private households in the canton, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. There were 223,869 households that consist of only one person and 27,935 households with five or more people. As of 2009 , the construction rate of new housing units

3773-439: The city. The current constitution replaced the one of 1869 in January 2006. The Antiquarische Gesellschaft in Zürich is an organization devoted to preserving the canton's history, the Staatsarchiv Zürich houses the state archives. The canton of Zurich is situated in the eastern part of the Swiss plateau . It is entirely within the drainage basin of the High Rhine . It is characterized by Glacial landform and traversed by

3850-537: The constitution. The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken. The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.994) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022, coming the closest to a perfect score of 1. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt , Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita. The prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich , which are located around Lake Zurich in

3927-440: The counts of Sulz . At this point, almost all of the territory of the modern canton (as well as some territories beyond its modern borders) was owned by Zurich; exceptions include Wülflingen (acquired 1760), Buch (acquired 1761), Dietikon , which was a condominium , and Rheinau (owned by Rheinau Abbey ). In the 18th century, the "inner bailiwicks" ( Innere Vogteien ) were under direct administration of city officials, while

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4004-405: The lake has grown in size over time, the original piles are now around 4 metres (13 ft) to 7 metres (23 ft) under the water level of 406 metres (1,332 ft). Within an area of about 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) around Lake Zurich, there also the settlements Greifensee–Storen/Wildsberg at the Greifensee and Wetzikon–Robenhausen at the Pfäffikersee. As well as being part of

4081-437: The language and the adjectival form of "Germany". The following are the known names of early Alemannic kings. They did not necessarily rule all of Alamannia, but were more likely petty kings ruling over smaller tribes or cantons, e.g. Macrian (fl. 370), king of the Alamannic tribe of the Bucinobantes . The Alemanni were under direct Carolingian rule during 746 ( Council of Cannstatt ) to 892. Intermittently, junior members of

4158-410: The late 5th century and became a duchy of the Frankish Empire in the 6th century. As the Holy Roman Empire started to form under King Conrad I of East Francia (reigning 911 to 918), the territory of Alamannia became the Duchy of Swabia in 915. Scribes often used the term Suebia interchangeably with Alamannia in the 10th to the 12th centuries. The territory of Alamannia as it existed from

4235-416: The north, Aargau to the west, the cantons of Zug and Schwyz to the south and the cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen to the east. It also has an international border with the German district of Waldshut and though only for 460 m (1,510 ft)) the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg owing to its short border with Stemmer , an outlying hamlet belonging to the municipality which forms

4312-417: The population) who were Islamic . There were 5,878 individuals who were Buddhist , 6,024 individuals who were Hindu and 1,456 individuals who belonged to another church. 165,324 (or about 13.25% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 50,090 individuals (or about 4.01% of the population) did not answer the question. Most of the land is cultivated, but the canton of Zurich

4389-463: The rebellion of Magnentius . Chnodomarius was the leader of the Alemannic army in the battle of Strasbourg in 357. Macrian , Hariobaudes , Urius , Ursicinus , Vadomarius , and Vestralpus were Alemannic kings who in 359 made treaties with Julian the Apostate . Macrian was deposed in an expedition ordered by Valentinian I in 370. Macrian appears to have been involved in building a large alliance of Alemannic tribes against Rome, which earned him

4466-450: The rest of the population, there were 29,592 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.37% of the population), there were 1,435 individuals (or about 0.11% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 70,897 individuals (or about 5.68% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 6,461 individuals (or about 0.52% of the population) who were Jewish , and 66,520 (or about 5.33% of

4543-459: The right side of the Danube. In Baden : Brisigowe ( Breisgau ) along the Upper Rhine opposite Sundgau, and Mortunova , the later Ortenau , along the Upper Rhine opposite Nordgau. Alpegowe ( Albgau ), centered on St. Blaise Abbey, Black Forest . In modern France (the Alsace): Suntgowe ( Sundgau ) and Nordgowe ( Nordgau ). In modern Switzerland: Augestigowe (the territory surrounding Augst ) and Turgowe (modern Thurgau , named for

4620-460: The small German enclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein . The canton can be roughly divided into the city and lake, the Unterland in the northwest, the Oberland in the southeast, the Weinland and Winterthur in the northeast, and the Knonaueramt southwest of the Albis . The Zurich Metropolitan Area extends beyond the cantonal borders. The canton has an area, as of 2011 , of 1,728.8 square kilometers (667.5 sq mi). Of this area, 43.4%

4697-413: The term canton ( Kanton ) gradually entered use in the 16th century, but Zürichgau remained widely used well into the 19th century (becoming obsolescent after the formation of the modern canton in 1831). Under the short-lived Helvetic Republic (1798–1803), the canton of Zurich became a purely administrative division. In 1803, some former possessions of Zurich to the west gained independence as part of

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4774-470: The tertiary sector was 536,463. In the tertiary sector; 105,226 or 19.6% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 38,005 or 7.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 33,417 or 6.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 35,571 or 6.6% were in the information industry, 81,163 or 15.1% were the insurance or financial industry, 65,139 or 12.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 36,792 or 6.9% were in education and 63,800 or 11.9% were in health care. Of

4851-448: The tertiary sector, the fourth largest sub-sector (in 2008) was financial services with 6.2% of the tertiary total. As of  2010 , Zurich had an unemployment rate of 3.9%. As of 2008 , there were 12,507 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4,227 businesses involved in this sector. 143,231 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 11,383 businesses in this sector. 655,848 people were employed in

4928-427: The title of turbarum rex artifex ("king and crafter of unrest"). The Romans installed Fraomar as a successor of Marcian, but the Bucinobantes would not accept him and he was expelled and Macrian restored and Valentinian made the Bucinobantes his foederati in the war against the Franks . Macrian was killed on campaign against the Franks, in an ambush laid by the Frankish king Mallobaudes . Gibuld (fl. 470)

5005-419: The workers worked in construction trades and 9.5% worked in general construction. Additionally, almost 9% of the workers manufactured electronics. The tertiary sector employed 836,410 or about 84.1% of the total, which is much higher than 74.9% nationwide. This number has increased by about 180,000 since 2010 while the population in the canton has only increased by 73,000 over the same time period. Of those in

5082-416: The working population, 37.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 41.8% used a private car. Duchy of Alamannia The Alemanni expanded from the Main River basin during the 3rd century and raided Roman provinces and settled on the left bank of the Rhine River from the 4th century. Ruled by independent tribal kings during the 4th and the 5th centuries, Alamannia lost its independence in

5159-433: Was 5.3 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in the city of Zurich was 1288.84 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$ 1030, £580, €820 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 733.01 CHF (US$ 590, £330, €470), a two-room apartment was about 1009.94 CHF (US$ 810, £450, €650), a three-room apartment was about 1192.66 CHF (US$ 950, £540, €760) and

5236-456: Was a kingdom or subkingdom. At times, however, it was. It was granted to Charles the Bald in 829, though it is not certain whether he was recognised as duke or king. It was certainly a kingdom, including Alsace and Rhaetia, when it was granted to Charles the Fat in the division of East Francia in 876. Under Charles, Alamannia became the centre of the Empire, but after his deposition, it found itself out of favour. Though ethnically singular, it

5313-399: Was a nominal dukedom within Francia. Though ruled by their own dukes, it is not likely that they were very often united under one duke in the 6th and 7th centuries. The Alemanni most frequently appear as auxiliaries in expeditions to Italy. The Duchy of Alsace was Alemannic, but it was ruled by a line of Frankish dukes and the region around the upper Danube and Neckar rivers was ruled by

5390-417: Was accused to continue the system of aristocratic rule liberalism had claimed to abolish. The oppositional Democratic Movement was centered in Winterthur , led by mayor Johann Jakob Sulzer and publicist Salomon Bleuler. They succeeded in imposing the introduction of the direct democratic instrument of the popular initiative in 1865, which precipitated a revision of the cantonal constitution. In April 1869,

5467-461: Was again ousted by a radical-liberal election victory in 1844. Alfred Escher was a member of the new cantonal parliament of 1844; he was elected to the cantonal government in 1848 and later in the same year into the first National Council under the new federal constitution . The radical-liberal era of 1844–1868 was dominated by the so-called System Escher , a network of liberal politicians and industrialists built by Alfred Escher. Escher governed

5544-615: Was disestablished with the execution of Conradin and its territory was politically fragmented during the succeeding interregnum period . Alemannic German persists as a separate family of dialects within High German . The distribution of the Low Alemannic and High Alemannic subgroups largely correspond to the extent of historical Alemannia, while the Highest Alemannic dialects spread beyond its limits during

5621-536: Was established in 1870 to regulate cantonal loans at fixed interest rates to farms and businesses. A law of proportional representation was passed in 1916, favouring the rise of the Social Democrats . A proposal for the introduction of female suffrage was rejected in 1920; female suffrage was introduced on the municipal level in 1969 and on the cantonal level in 1970, shortly before its imposition by federal law, passed in 1971. Economic growth continued in

5698-515: Was installed by colonel Paul Carl Eduard Ziegler. Under the threat of intervention of the other radical-liberal cantons of the Confederacy, the provisional government declared that the 1831 constitution would remain in effect. In a tumultuous session on 9 September 1839, the cantonal parliament declared its dissolution In the so-called Septemberregime , the newly elected cantonal government replaced all cantonal officials with conservatives, but it

5775-513: Was largely successful until the early 8th century, when a series of campaigns waged by the Arnulfing mayors of the palace reduced Alamannia to a province of Francia once again. It was, however, during this period of de facto independence that the Alamanni began to be ruled by one duke, though Alsace and Rhaetia remained outside of the scope of Alamannia. Between 709 and 712, Pepin of Heristal fought against Lantfrid , who appears as dux of

5852-408: Was still plagued by Rhaetian-Alamannic feuds and fighting over the control of the Alamannic church. Alamannia in the late 9th century, like Bavaria, Saxony , and Franconia , sought to unite itself under one duke, but it had considerably less success than either Saxony or Bavaria. Alamannia was one of the jüngeres Stammesherzogtum , one of the "younger" stem duchies, or tribal duchies, which formed

5929-689: Was the largest diocese in Germany throughout the Merovingian and early Carolingian era. The dioceses of Alamannia, including Chur, which had been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan , were placed under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Mainz by the Carolingians. After the death of Dagobert I in 638, Alamannia, like Bavaria, Aquitaine , and Brittany , broke its ties with its Frankish sovereigns and struggled for independence. This

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