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29-648: Originally from the Alaskan interior, where they were known as Nunamiut , they moved into the Siglit area around 1910, due to an increased demand for furs by the Hudson's Bay Company , the possibility of employment with the whaling industry and the lack of caribou in their traditional hunting grounds. The move was made easier because the Siglit had been decimated by diseases and were reduced to about 150 people. At first

58-630: A Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows at the northernmost tip of Newfoundland in Canada . It is the only known site of a Norse or Viking village in Canada, and in North America outside of Greenland . Dating to around the year 1000, L'Anse aux Meadows remains the only widely accepted instance of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact and is notable for its possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland established by Leif Ericson around

87-411: A forge and iron slag , a carpentry workshop, which generated wood debris, and a specialized boat repair area containing worn rivets . Besides those related to iron working, carpentry, and boat repair, other artifacts found at the site consisted of common everyday Norse items, including a stone oil lamp, a whetstone , a bronze fastening pin, a bone knitting needle, and part of a spindle. The presence of

116-532: A period in the Brooks Range in northern Alaska among the Nunamiut Iñupiat , and afterwards wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer ("Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos of Alaska"). His 1931 book, The Land of Feast or Famine , was republished by McGill University Press , in 1992, after being out of print for over forty years. In 1960, he discovered the remains of what later proved to be

145-771: A practice of lawyer in Levanger . Helge Ingstad was originally a lawyer by profession, but, ever an outdoorsman, he sold his successful law practice in Levanger and went to Canada 's Northwest Territories as a trapper in 1926. For the next three years, the Norwegian travelled with the local Indian tribe known as the Caribou Eaters. After returning to Norway, he wrote the bestselling Pelsjegerliv ("Trapper Life") about his time in Canada, published in English as The Land of Feast and Famine (Knopf, 1933). Ingstad

174-466: A small river, Ingstad Creek, flows into Great Slave Lake . In Alaska, the 1,461-metre (4,793 ft) high Ingstad Mountain in the Brooks Range was officially approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names on 19 April 2006. The name was suggested by the Nunamiut tribe in gratitude for Ingstad's efforts on their behalf. During the last few years of his life, he worked on categorizing and annotating

203-536: A temporarily promising alternative. Historically, the Nunamiut hunted caribou . When caribou numbers dwindled in the 19th century, some Nunamiut migrated towards the Mackenzie River delta. Around 1910, with caribou continuing to be insufficient to sustain the native hunting, Nunatamiut migrated further into the Siglit area. They were spurred by increased demand for furs by the Hudson's Bay Company and

232-659: Is located Anaktuvuk—the Village of Anaktuvuk Pass, the Naqsragmiut Tribal Council. The Nunamiut were visited after World War II by Norwegian explorer and author Helge Ingstad . He stayed for a period in the Brooks Range in northern Alaska among the Nunamiut, and afterward wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer (translation: "Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos of Alaska"). During the last few years of his life, he worked on categorizing and annotating

261-625: The Order of Vasa , and he was presented with the Norwegian Red Cross Badge of Honour for his efforts in Finnmark during World War II . He received a lifetime government grant from the Norwegian government from 1970. He was the subject of a 1981 National Film Board of Canada (NFB) documentary The Man Who Discovered America , and subsequently appeared along with his wife in the 1984 NFB film, The Vinland Mystery . In 1986, he

290-661: The Uummarmiut ( people of the green trees ) and intermarried with the local Inuvialuit. In 1938, several Nunamiut families returned to the Brooks Range , around Chandler Lake and the Killik River . In 1949, the Chandler Lake Nunamiuts moved to Anaktuvuk Pass; later, the Killik River group moved there also. Anaktuvuk Pass is the only Nunamiut settlement. A federally recognized Alaskan village

319-672: The Ingstads made themselves a home near the Holmenkollen area of Norway's capital, Oslo , where they spent the rest of their lives when not travelling the world. They had one daughter, Benedicte, who became a professor in medical anthropology at the University in Oslo. From her teenage years, Benedicte accompanied her parents on their exploration journeys. Helge Ingstad was a popular author, whose books on his visits to remote parts of

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348-622: The Land") are semi-nomadic inland Iñupiat located in the northern and northwestern Alaskan interior, mostly around Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska . Early Nunamiut lived by hunting caribou instead of the marine mammals and fish hunted by coastal Iñupiat. After 1850 the interior became depopulated because of diseases , the decline of the caribou and the migration to the coast (including the Mackenzie Delta area in Canada , where they are called Uummarmiut ) where whaling and fox trapping provided

377-414: The Nunamiut to study their dialect. There are few native speakers today. Helge Ingstad Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 – 29 March 2001) was a Norwegian explorer. In 1960, after mapping some Norse settlements, Ingstad and his wife archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad found remnants of a Viking settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows in the province of Newfoundland in Canada. They were thus

406-626: The age of 101 . Helge Ingstad was the son of Olav Ingstad (1867–1958) and Olga Marie Qvam (1869–1946) in Meråker , Nord-Trøndelag . His father was municipal engineer in Tromsø and held the title of factory supervisor. He was the grandson of lawyer professor, Marcus Pløen Ingstad . Helge and his family moved to Bergen in 1915 where he attended the Bergen Katedralskole (1915–1918), and after graduating cand. jur. in 1922 he took up

435-581: The cultural resources. The settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows has been dated to approximately 1,000 years ago, an assessment that tallies with the relative dating of artifact and structure types. The remains of eight buildings were located. They are believed to have been constructed of sod placed over a wooden frame. Based on associated artifacts, the buildings were variously identified as dwellings or workshops. The largest dwelling measured 28.8 by 15.6 m (94 by 51 ft) and consisted of several rooms. Workshops were identified as an iron smithy containing

464-666: The first to prove conclusively that the Icelandic / Greenlandic Norsemen such as Leif Erickson had found a way across the Atlantic Ocean to North America , roughly 500 years before Christopher Columbus and John Cabot . He also thought that the mysterious disappearance of the Greenland Norse Settlements in the 14th and 15th centuries could be explained by their emigration to North America . Helge Ingstad died at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo at

493-399: The large quantity of photos and audio recordings (141 songs) he had made while living with the Nunamiut in 1950. The effort resulted in a booklet, Songs of the Nunamiut , with an accompanying CD containing the audio material. This is an extremely valuable contribution to the preservation of the Nunamiut culture, because it turned out that much of what he had gathered in the mid-20th century

522-421: The large quantity of photos and audio recordings (141 songs) he had made while living with the Nunamiut in 1950. The effort resulted in a booklet, Songs of the Nunamiut , with an accompanying CD containing the audio material. This is an extremely valuable contribution to the preservation of the Nunamiut culture because it turned out that much of what he had gathered in the mid-20th century was now lost locally and

551-620: The plains. Summer : The plains thaw and become a marshland swarming with blackflies and mosquitoes. Autumn : The caribou hunting cycle repeats in September and October when caribou retreat south again. Winter : There are about 72 days of total winter darkness starting around November 15. The native language of the Nunamiut is a dialect of Iñupiaq . In the late 1960s, the University of California, Berkeley sent undergraduate linguistics student (now Arctic explorer) Dennis Schmitt to

580-688: The possibility of jobs within the whaling industry. The Inuvialuit of the Siglit area were unhappy with the arrival of the Nunatamiut, afraid that the Nunatamuit would deplete the Inuvialuit's Bluenose caribou herd. But the Nunatamiut, inland hunters of the Iñupiat region, were in high demand by the American whalers. Eventually, the Nunatamiut who settled in the Siglit area became known as

609-519: The same time period or, more broadly, with Norse exploration of the Americas . Archaeological excavation at the site was conducted in the 1960s by an international team led by archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (Helge Ingstad's wife) and under the direction of Parks Canada of the Government of Canada in the 1970s. Following each period of excavation, the site was reburied to protect and conserve

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638-538: The spindle and needle suggests that women were present as well as men. Food remains included butternuts , which are significant because they do not grow naturally north of New Brunswick , and their presence probably indicates the Norse inhabitants travelled farther south to obtain them. Archaeologists concluded that the site was inhabited by the Norse for a relatively short period of time. Helge Ingstad has two geographic features in North America named after him. In Canada,

667-512: The surrounding islands) — a position suiting him uniquely, considering his profession of law and his experience in Arctic living. During his years on Svalbard, Helge Ingstad met Anne Stine Moe , nearly twenty years his junior. She had read his books from Canada and Greenland with great admiration, and developed a crush on the explorer. She wrote to him, and after some time of correspondence and dating, they were engaged, and married in 1941. In 1946,

696-485: The two groups were antagonistic towards each other, in part due to the Uummarmiut using poison when trapping . Over time, they have intermingled and inter- marriage has become common. This Northwest Territories -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nunamiut The Nunamiut or Nunatamiut ( Inupiaq : Nunataaġmiut , IPA: [nunɐtaːɴmiut] , "People of

725-719: The world gained him fame in Norway. From Greenland he wrote Øst for den store bre ("East of the Great Glacier"), from Svalbard he wrote Landet med de kalde kyster ("The Land With the Chilly Coasts"). He also visited the Apache Indians of northwestern Mexico , from which he wrote Apache-indianerne - jakten på den tapte stamme ("The Apaches - The Hunt for the Lost Tribe"). After World War II he stayed for

754-704: Was now lost locally and was only preserved in his recordings. He was an honorary member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters . He also held honorary doctorates at the University of Oslo , Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada, and at St. Olaf College in Minnesota . He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav (in 1991; previously Knight 1st class in 1965, and Commander in 1970), Knight of

783-644: Was only preserved in his recordings. Representatives from the Nunamiut later suggested naming a mountain in the Brooks range after him. Five years after Ingstad's death, it was named Ingstad mountain . According to archaeologist Lewis Binford , the Nunamiut depend on meat more so than any other living hunter-gatherer group. The annual cycle of Nunamiut life revolves around the annual migrations of caribou. Spring : The main caribou migrations happen in March and April, when caribou move north through Anaktuvuk Pass to feed on

812-593: Was presented Arts Council Norway 's honor award. HNoMS  Helge Ingstad  (F313) , the fourth of the five Fridtjof Nansen -class frigates of the Royal Norwegian Navy was named after Helge Ingstad. The inner main-belt asteroid 8993 Ingstad , discovered by Danish astronomer Richard Martin West at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile in 1980, was named in his memory. The official naming citation

841-504: Was the governor ( Sysselmann ) of Erik the Red's Land in 1932–1933, when Norway annexed that eastern part of Greenland . The Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague decided that the lands belonged to Denmark , and so the official Norwegian presence had to end. Following the verdict, Ingstad was summoned by the government to the job as governor of Svalbard (Spitsbergen and

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