Misplaced Pages

#581418

79-496: Over 400 species of birds have been recorded in the reserve. 8°01′50″S 32°00′27″E  /  8.030589°S 32.007475°E  / -8.030589; 32.007475 This Rukwa Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Africa protected areas related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Rukwa Region Rukwa Region ( Mkoa wa Rukwa in Swahili )

158-442: A cubic crystal system, are often found as octahedrons . Gemstones are classified into different groups , species , and varieties . For example, ruby is the red variety of the species corundum , while any other color of corundum is considered sapphire. Other examples are the emerald (green), aquamarine (blue), red beryl (red), goshenite (colorless), heliodor (yellow), and morganite (pink), which are all varieties of

237-504: A diamond. With modification, these categories can be useful in understanding the grading of all gemstones. The four criteria carry different weights depending upon whether they are applied to colored gemstones or to colorless diamonds. In diamonds, the cut is the primary determinant of value, followed by clarity and color. An ideally cut diamond will sparkle, to break down light into its constituent rainbow colors (dispersion), chop it up into bright little pieces (scintillation), and deliver it to

316-447: A gemstone is a natural stone or synthetic, the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics are the same: They are composed of the same mineral and are colored by the same trace materials, have the same hardness and density and strength , and show the same color spectrum , refractive index , and birefringence (if any). Lab-created stones tend to have a more vivid color since impurities common in natural stones are not present in

395-433: A more desirable blue / purple color. A considerable portion of all sapphire and ruby is treated with a variety of heat treatments to improve both color and clarity. When jewelry containing diamonds is heated for repairs, the diamond should be protected with boric acid ; otherwise, the diamond, which is pure carbon, could be burned on the surface or even burned completely up. When jewelry containing sapphires or rubies

474-487: A number of inclusions), cut, unusual optical phenomena within the stone such as color zoning (the uneven distribution of coloring within a gem) and asteria (star effects). Apart from the more generic and commonly used gemstones such as from diamonds , rubies , sapphires , and emeralds , pearls and opal have also been defined as precious in the jewellery trade. Up to the discoveries of bulk amethyst in Brazil in

553-626: A result of this is the exploitation of natural resources and labor within gemstone mining operations. Many mines, particularly in developing countries, face challenges such as inadequate safety measures, low wages, and poor working conditions. Miners , often from disadvantaged backgrounds, endure hazardous working conditions and receive meager wages, contributing to cycles of poverty and exploitation. Gemstone mining operations are frequently conducted in remote or underdeveloped areas, lacking proper infrastructure and access to essential services such as healthcare and education. This further contributes to

632-419: A small number of other tribes, including Mambwe , Lungu , Nyiha and, Lyangalile , initially dominated the area and are the native inhabitants. The Regional population in 2012 was 1,004,539, with 487,311 males and 517,228 females. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) predicts that in 2017, the population will be 1,192,373, with 578,431 males and 613,942 females, growing at a 3.2% annual rate. For 2002–2012,

711-626: A stone is untreated, while another lab might conclude that it is heat-treated. To minimize such differences, seven of the most respected labs, AGTA-GTL (New York), CISGEM (Milano), GAAJ-ZENHOKYO (Tokyo), GIA (Carlsbad), GIT (Bangkok), Gübelin (Lucerne) and SSEF (Basel), have established the Laboratory Manual Harmonisation Committee (LMHC), for the standardization of wording reports, promotion of certain analytical methods and interpretation of results. Country of origin has sometimes been difficult to determine, due to

790-448: Is hardstone . Use of the terms 'precious' and 'semi-precious' in a commercial context is, arguably, misleading in that it suggests certain stones are more valuable than others when this is not reflected in the actual market value, although it would generally be correct if referring to desirability. In modern times gemstones are identified by gemologists , who describe gems and their characteristics using technical terminology specific to

869-515: Is 78/1000, under-five mortality is 81/1000, and severe malnutrition is 1.3%. Maternal mortality is 128/100,000. According to THMIS (Tanzania Health Ministry) 2003/2004, the regional HIV/AIDS prevalence was 6%; however, by THMIS 2007/2008, it had decreased to 4.9%. Also, according to THMIS 2011/2012, the frequency in the area has recently increased to 6.2%. It has increased as a result of increased population migration and continuing significant water and road building projects.As of 2014, Improvements to

SECTION 10

#1732783317582

948-434: Is a common practice. Most citrine is made by heating amethyst , and partial heating with a strong gradient results in " ametrine " – a stone partly amethyst and partly citrine. Aquamarine is often heated to remove yellow tones, or to change green colors into the more desirable blue, or enhance its existing blue color to a deeper blue. Nearly all tanzanite is heated at low temperatures to remove brown undertones and give

1027-709: Is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is used to make jewelry or other adornments . Certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli , opal , and obsidian ) and occasionally organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber , jet , and pearl ) may also be used for jewelry and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some softer minerals such as brazilianite may be used in jewelry because of their color or luster or other physical properties that have aesthetic value . However, generally speaking, soft minerals are not typically used as gemstones by virtue of their brittleness and lack of durability. Found all over

1106-509: Is a recognized grading of the gem's luster, transparency, or "brilliance". Very transparent gems are considered " first water ", while "second" or "third water" gems are those of a lesser transparency. Additionally, material or flaws within a stone may be present as inclusions . Gemstones have no universally accepted grading system. Diamonds are graded using a system developed by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in

1185-522: Is also colored to make the emerald appear of better color as well as clarity. Turquoise is also commonly treated in a similar manner. Fracture filling has been in use with different gemstones such as diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires. In 2006 "glass-filled rubies" received publicity. Rubies over 10 carats (2 g) with large fractures were filled with lead glass, thus dramatically improving the appearance (of larger rubies in particular). Such treatments are fairly easy to detect. Another treatment method that

1264-507: Is an agrarian society where agriculture accounts for around 80% of people's daily income. Maize, paddy, beans, wheat, millet, and cassava are among of the crops that are grown. Sunflower , groundnuts, sesame, barley, and other vegetables are among the others. Although agriculture is not yet fully mechanized, the trend indicates that there is an excess of certain crops, notably maize, paddy, cassava , sunflower, and sesame. Smallholder farmers who work between 0.5 and 2.0 ha account for 68 percent of

1343-440: Is commonly used to treat gemstones is bleaching. This method uses a chemical in order to reduce the colour of the gem. After bleaching, a combination treatment can be done by dying the gemstone once the unwanted colours are removed. Hydrogen peroxide is the most commonly used product used to alter gemstones and have notably been used to treat jade and pearls. The treatment of bleaching can also be followed by impregnation, which allows

1422-515: Is considered to be one of the important gemstones after rubies, emeralds, and sapphires according to Gübelin Gemlab. Even though it is a tourmaline, Paraiba Tourmaline is one of the most expensive gemstones. There are a number of laboratories which grade and provide reports on gemstones. Each laboratory has its own methodology to evaluate gemstones. A stone can be called "pink" by one lab while another lab calls it "padparadscha". One lab can conclude

1501-501: Is emerald (green). Yellow, red and blue beryls are possible but much more rare. Synthetic emerald became possible with the development of the flux growth process and is produced in this way and well as hydrothermal growth. Types of synthetic quartz include citrine, rose quartz, and amethyst. Natural occurring quartz is not rare, but is nevertheless synthetically produced as it has practical application outside of aesthetic purposes. Quartz generates an electric current when under pressure and

1580-563: Is essential. Additionally, investing in community development projects, such as education and healthcare initiatives, can help alleviate poverty and empower marginalized communities dependent on the gemstone industry. Collaboration across sectors is crucial for fostering a more equitable and sustainable gemstone trade that benefits both producers and consumers while respecting human rights and environmental integrity. Synthetic gemstones are distinct from imitation or simulated gems. Synthetic gems are physically, optically, and chemically identical to

1659-419: Is heated, those stones should not be coated with boric acid (which can etch the surface) or any other substance. They do not have to be protected from burning, like a diamond (although the stones do need to be protected from heat stress fracture by immersing the part of the jewelry with stones in the water when metal parts are heated). The irradiation process is widely practiced in jewelry industry and enabled

SECTION 20

#1732783317582

1738-470: Is just one (1) public airport and four (4) private airstrips. The Sumbawanga Municipal Council is home to the public airport. The region is served by only two commercial flights, according to Tanzania Airports Authority (TAA). As of mass communication , In the Rukwa Region, twelve radio stations are accessible. As for water, according to the population and housing census from 2012, protected wells were

1817-539: Is made in the Rukwa region. Each family of farmers keeps 12 cattle on average. A massive inflow of agro pastoralists from Tabora , Shinyanga , and Mwanza have, however, moved into the area during the past ten years in search of pasture for their animals. Each household of the migrating pastoralists keeps 100 to 300 cattle on average. There are currently 446,746 cattle in the Rukwa region, according to estimates. The region's growing cattle population presents an opportunity for

1896-423: Is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions The region covers a land area of 27,765 km (10,720 sq mi), which is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Haiti . Rukwa Region is bordered to the north by Katavi Region , to the east by Songwe Region , to the south by the nation of Zambia and to the west by Lake Tanganyika , which forms a border between Tanzania and

1975-410: Is perceived by the viewer as sparkle. There are many commonly used shapes for faceted stones . The facets must be cut at the proper angles, which varies depending on the optical properties of the gem. If the angles are too steep or too shallow, the light will pass through and not be reflected back toward the viewer. The faceting machine is used to hold the stone onto a flat lap for cutting and polishing

2054-661: The Democratic Republic of the Congo . The regional capital is the municipality of Sumbawanga . According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 1,540,519. The region's name comes from Lake Rukwa , it was established in 1975 by President Julius Nyerere by taking Mpanda District from the Tabora Region and the former unified Sumbawanga District from the Mbeya Region. Nkasi District

2133-889: The Ufipa plateau has the highest point in the area at 2,461 meters above sea level, and Lake Tanganyika has the lowest point at 773 meters above sea level. The Miombo Woodlands, which predominate in Sumbawanga and Nkasi and are home to commercially valuable trees like Mninga (Pterocarpus angolensis) and Mputu, making up the majority of Rukwa Region's vegetation. The region has a tropical climate , with average monthly highs of 27°C in October and December and lows of 13°C in some locations in June and July. Rukwa region has had consistent, unimodal rainfall for many years; falling from November through May, ranging from 800 to 1300 mm annually. Following

2212-446: The ancient Greeks , begins with a distinction between precious and semi-precious ; similar distinctions are made in other cultures. In modern use, the precious stones are emerald , ruby , sapphire and diamond , with all other gemstones being semi-precious. This distinction reflects the rarity of the respective stones in ancient times, as well as their quality: all are translucent , with fine color in their purest forms (except for

2291-553: The rainy season , the dry season lasts into October. Agriculture (crops, livestock, fisheries, and forestry), tourism, and mining make up the majority of the region's producing industries. The Rukwa Region's population relies on agriculture for about 80% of their income. There are 1,660,600 ha of arable land and only 447,079 ha (or about 32% of arable land) are under cultivation. Rukwa Region's GDP at current market prices increased by 1,529,289, 2,407,234 and 2,677,131 in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. In 2012, 2013 and 2014,

2370-415: The 19th century, amethyst was considered a "precious stone" as well, going back to ancient Greece. Even in the last century certain stones such as aquamarine , peridot and cat's eye ( cymophane ) have been popular and hence been regarded as precious, thus reinforcing the notion that a mineral's rarity may have been implicated in its classification as a precious stone and thus contribute to its value. Today

2449-656: The Old Bismark Fort at Kasanga, the Kalambo Falls, the Hot Springs of Kizombwe, the shore of Lake Tanganyika, the Mbizi forest, Lake Kwela, and Ntembwa Falls. There are only two game reserves in the area, Lwafi (2200 km2) and Uwanda (2200 km2), as well as one game controlled area, Kwela (500 km sq). On average, 1.4% of the area is covered by natural forest reserves. The Miombo Woodlands, which predominate in

Uwanda Game Reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue

2528-470: The Sumbawanga and Nkasi districts and include commercially significant timber like Mninga ( Pterocarpus angolensis ) and Mputu, are where forest products are gathered. Population growth in the Rukwa region is accelerated in part by an inflow of migrants from other areas looking for better prospects there. Approximately 25% of the people of the Region are recent migrants from other regions of Tanzania. Fipa and

2607-508: The area, 68 of which are public and 12 of which are privately operated. Four (4) Teachers' Training Colleges (TTC) in the region. In Sumbawanga, St. Aggrey, Rukwa, and St. Maurus Chemchem—produce teachers for grades IIIA and diploma programs. Additionally, Sumbawanga TTC offers certificates in domestic science. There is only one Open University Center in the area, and it has been operating since September 21, 2000. Other candidates in numerous professions have already received diplomas and degrees from

2686-529: The basis of their alleged healing powers. A gemstone that has been rising in popularity is Cuprian Elbaite Tourmaline which is also called "Paraiba Tourmaline". It was first discovered in the late 1980s in Paraíba, Brazil and later in Mozambique and Nigeria. It is famous for its glowing neon blue color. Paraiba Tourmaline has become one of the most popular gemstones in recent times thanks to its color and

2765-551: The beach (about 1 to 1.5 nautical miles) with the exception of Kasanga, where there is a landing platform; as a result, goods and passengers must be brought to the ships by small boats. Marine services connect the territory to the neighboring nations of Zambia, the Congo DR, and Burundi as well as the neighboring Regions of Katavi and Kigoma . Only boats are permitted for transportation within Lake Rukwa. In Rukwa Region, there

2844-462: The center to date. As of 2014, there are 202 health facilities in Rukwa Region; 3 hospitals, 20 health centers and 179 dispensary. Malaria , acute respiratory infection (ARI), pneumonia, diarrhea, skin conditions, intestinal worms, minor surgical conditions, ill-defined symptoms (no diagnosis), eye infection, HIV/AIDS/STI, tuberculosis, meningitis, and other common diseases are among those that have higher morbidity and mortality rates. Infant mortality

2923-455: The color from white to blue. Most green quartz (Oro Verde) are also irradiated to achieve the yellow-green color. Diamonds are mainly irradiated to become blue-green or green, although other colors are possible. When light-to-medium-yellow diamonds are treated with gamma rays they may become green; with a high-energy electron beam, blue. Emeralds containing natural fissures are sometimes filled with wax or oil to disguise them. This wax or oil

3002-525: The colorless diamond), and very hard with a hardness score of 8 to 10 on the Mohs scale . Other stones are classified by their color, translucency , and hardness. The traditional distinction does not necessarily reflect modern values; for example, while garnets are relatively inexpensive, a green garnet called tsavorite can be far more valuable than a mid-quality emerald. Another traditional term for semi-precious gemstones used in art history and archaeology

3081-673: The constant discovery of new source locations. Determining a "country of origin" is thus much more difficult than determining other aspects of a gem (such as cut, clarity, etc.). Gem dealers are aware of the differences between gem laboratories and will make use of the discrepancies to obtain the best possible certificate. A few gemstones are used as gems in the crystal or other forms in which they are found. Most, however, are cut and polished for usage as jewelry. The two main classifications are as follows: Stones which are opaque or semi-opaque such as opal , turquoise , variscite , etc. are commonly cut as cabochons. These gems are designed to show

3160-444: The creation of gemstone colors that do not exist or are extremely rare in nature. However, particularly when done in a nuclear reactor , the processes can make gemstones radioactive. Health risks related to the residual radioactivity of the treated gemstones have led to government regulations in many countries. Virtually all blue topaz , both the lighter and the darker blue shades such as "London" blue, has been irradiated to change

3239-548: The development of enterprises that process livestock products. In the Rukwa region, there are two ranches and one dairy farm. Heritage Farm is the owner of the dairy farm in the Sumbawanga Municipality's Malonje. The beef ranches in Nkundi and Kalambo are owned by SAAFI and NARCO, respectively. Rukwa region only has 1,103 improved dairy animals, or 0.27% of the 399,025 dairy animals in the nation, according to

Uwanda Game Reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue

3318-414: The distribution of the region's area among the districts. The smallest district is Kalambo , which makes up only 15.99% of the region's total area. Three significant superficial geological deposits can be found in the Rukwa Region. In the high areas, these are the sandy soils, shallow, dispersed clayey lacustrines , and ferralitic soils. Western Tanzania is where the Rukwa Region is located. Malonje in

3397-572: The earliest methods of gemstone treatment date back to the Minoan Age, for example foiling, which is where metal foil is used to enhance a gemstone's colour. Other methods recorded 2000 years ago in the book Natural History by Pliny the Elder include oiling and dyeing/staining. Heat can either improve or spoil gemstone color or clarity. The heating process has been well known to gem miners and cutters for centuries, and in many stone types heating

3476-410: The early 1950s. Historically, all gemstones were graded using the naked eye. The GIA system included a major innovation: the introduction of 10x magnification as the standard for grading clarity. Other gemstones are still graded using the naked eye (assuming 20/20 vision). A mnemonic device , the "four Cs" (color, cut, clarity, and carats), has been introduced to help describe the factors used to grade

3555-483: The end of 2013, up from the 5401 reported in 2008. PMTCT sites increased from 68 reported in 2008 to 139 in December 2013. Initiatives like male circumcision have been implemented to lessen the impact of HIV/AIDS in the region, and as of December 2013, 57,658 clients had undergone the procedure. Gemstone A gemstone (also called a fine gem , jewel , precious stone , semiprecious stone , or simply gem )

3634-410: The eye (brilliance). In its rough crystalline form, a diamond will do none of these things; it requires proper fashioning and this is called "cut". In gemstones that have color, including colored diamonds, the purity, and beauty of that color is the primary determinant of quality. Physical characteristics that make a colored stone valuable are color, clarity to a lesser extent (emeralds will always have

3713-445: The eye as the perceived color. A ruby appears red because it absorbs all other colors of white light while reflecting red. A material which is mostly the same can exhibit different colors. For example, ruby and sapphire have the same primary chemical composition (both are corundum ) but exhibit different colors because of impurities which absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light depending on their individual compositions. Even

3792-439: The fact that these impurities can be "manipulated", thus changing the color of the gem. Gemstones are often treated to enhance the color or clarity of the stone. In some cases, the treatment applied to the gemstone can also increase its durability. Even though natural gemstones can be transformed using the traditional method of cutting and polishing, other treatment options allow the stone's appearance to be enhanced. Depending on

3871-455: The farmed area in the Rukwa region and are the main form of agriculture. A total of 72,915 ha in the region have the capacity to be irrigated; however, only 5,768 ha of that total—or 7.9 percent of the irrigable land—can now be irrigated. There are 25 possible irrigation scheme sites in the region, of which 9 have been constructed for contemporary irrigation facilities and 16 are under traditional irrigation. A 20% GDP contribution from livestock

3950-451: The field of gemology . The first characteristic a gemologist uses to identify a gemstone is its chemical composition . For example, diamonds are made of carbon ( C ) and rubies of aluminium oxide ( Al 2 O 3 ). Many gems are crystals which are classified by their crystal system such as cubic or trigonal or monoclinic . Another term used is habit , the form the gem is usually found in. For example, diamonds, which have

4029-417: The flat facets. Rarely, some cutters use special curved laps to cut and polish curved facets. The color of any material is due to the nature of light itself. Daylight, often called white light, is all of the colors of the spectrum combined. When light strikes a material, most of the light is absorbed while a smaller amount of a particular frequency or wavelength is reflected. The part that is reflected reaches

SECTION 50

#1732783317582

4108-668: The gemstone trade no longer makes such a distinction. Many gemstones are used in even the most expensive jewelry, depending on the brand-name of the designer, fashion trends, market supply, treatments, etc. Nevertheless, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds still have a reputation that exceeds those of other gemstones. Rare or unusual gemstones, generally understood to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are scarcely known except to connoisseurs, include andalusite , axinite , cassiterite , clinohumite , painite and red beryl . Gemstone pricing and value are governed by factors and characteristics in

4187-425: The gemstone's durability to be increased. The socio-economic dynamics of the gemstone industry are shaped by market forces and consumer preferences and typically go undiscussed. Changes in demand and prices can significantly affect the livelihoods of those involved in gemstone mining and trade, particularly in developing countries where the industry serves as a crucial source of income. A situation that arises as

4266-632: The infrastructure have allowed Care and Treatment Facilities (CTCs) to be built at local and regional hospitals with the help of WRP. CD4 and PIMA equipment were purchased and installed in three hospitals and ten health centers. At all levels, a lot of health service providers have received training. By the end of December 2013, 86 percent of healthcare institutions were offering Provider Initiative Testing and Counseling (PITC) services, up from 86 percent in 2008 when 57 sites offered Voluntary, Counseling and Testing (VCT) services and 20 CTC sites. Pre-test counseling and testing for new clients totaled 115,669 as of

4345-419: The look and color of the real stone but possess neither their chemical nor physical characteristics. In general, all are less hard than diamond. Moissanite actually has a higher refractive index than diamond, and when presented beside an equivalently sized and cut diamond will show more "fire". Cultured, synthetic, or "lab-created" gemstones are not imitations: The bulk mineral and trace coloring elements are

4424-435: The mineral species beryl . Gems are characterized in terms of their color (hue, tone and saturation), optical phenomena, luster, refractive index , birefringence , dispersion , specific gravity , hardness , cleavage , and fracture . They may exhibit pleochroism or double refraction . They may have luminescence and a distinctive absorption spectrum . Gemstones may also be classified in terms of their "water". This

4503-516: The most common on the market currently. Synthetic corundum includes ruby (red variation) and sapphire (other color variations), both of which are considered highly desired and valued. Ruby was the first gemstone to be synthesized by Auguste Verneuil with his development of the flame-fusion process in 1902. Synthetic corundum continues to be made typically by flame-fusion as it is most cost-effective, but can also be produced through flux growth and hydrothermal growth. The most common synthesized beryl

4582-538: The natural stone, but are created in a laboratory. Imitation or simulated stones are chemically different from the natural stone, but may appear quite similar to it; they can be more easily manufactured synthetic gemstones of a different mineral ( spinel ), glass, plastic, resins, or other compounds. Examples of simulated or imitation stones include cubic zirconia , composed of zirconium oxide, synthetic moissanite , and uncolored, synthetic corundum or spinels ; all of which are diamond simulants . The simulants imitate

4661-424: The per capita income was 974,601, 1,485,563 and 1,599,845 respectively. From 2003 and 2012, the sustained GDP growth rate ranged from 7 to 18 percent on average. Despite the region being dominated by agriculture, gemstones like emerald and others are abundant in Rukwa. The region has large variety of industrial and base metal minerals, including kaolin, quartz, graphite, tin, limonite, copper, and cobalt. Rukwa

4740-689: The pre-existing socio-economic disparities and obstructs community development such that the benefits of gemstone extraction may not adequately reach those directly involved in the process. Another such issue revolves around environmental degradation resulting from mining activities. Environmental degradation can pose long-term threats to ecosystems and biodiversity, further worsening the socio-economic state in affected regions. Unregulated mining practices often result in deforestation , soil erosion , and water contamination thus threatening ecosystems and biodiversity . Unregulated mining activity can also cause depletion of natural resources, thus diminishing

4819-804: The prevalence of illicit practices undermine market integrity and trust. The lack of transparency and accountability in the supply chain aggravates pre-existing inequalities, as middlemen and corporations often capture a disproportionate share of the profits. As a result, the unequal distribution of profits along the supply chain does little to improve socio-economic inequalities, particularly in regions where gemstones are mined. Addressing these socio-economic challenges requires intensive effort from various stakeholders, including governments, industry executives, and society, to promote sustainable practices and ensure equitable outcomes for all involved parties. Implementing and enforcing regulations to ensure fair labor practices, environmental sustainability, and ethical sourcing

SECTION 60

#1732783317582

4898-466: The primary source of drinking water for 49.4% of all private homes. In Sumbawanga Municipal Council and Namanyere Town, which includes nine villages of Nkasi DC, electricity is provided by TANESCO. Only 7% of families in the area consume power provided by TANESCO , according to a 2002 Household Budget Survey. TANESCO intends to expand in rural areas through REA. Hydropower from Zambia and thermal electricity generating facilities in Sumbawanga Municipality are

4977-450: The prospects for sustainable development . The environmental impact of gemstone mining not only poses a threat to ecosystems but also undermines the long-term viability of the industry by diminishing the quality and quantity of available resources. Furthermore, the gemstone industry is also susceptible to issues related to transparency and ethics, which impact both producers and consumers. The lack of standardized certification processes and

5056-507: The quality of the stone. These characteristics include clarity, rarity, freedom from defects, the beauty of the stone, as well as the demand for such stones. There are different pricing influencers for both colored gemstones, and for diamonds. The pricing on colored stones is determined by market supply-and-demand, but diamonds are more intricate. In the addition to the aesthetic and adorning/ornamental purpose of gemstones, there are many proponents of energy medicine who also value gemstones on

5135-644: The region's 3.2 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the third highest in the country. It was also the twentieth most densely populated region with 44 people per square kilometer. Rukwa Region is divided into one city and three districts , each administered by a council (i.e. Sumbawanga Municipal Council (MC); Sumbawanga District Council; Kalambo District Council; and Nkasi District Council). Furthermore, Rukwa has two townships (i.e. Laela and Namanyere located in Sumbawanga and Nkasi Districts respectively). Rukwa has 16 divisions, 97 wards, 339 villages, 1817 sub-villages/hamlets and 165 streets. In

5214-492: The region, there are 347 pre-primary school classes, 347 of which are run by the government, and just 4 by private institutions. There are 22,087 preschoolers , 11,107 of them are boys and 10,980 of whom are girls. There are 357 primary schools in the region, of which 353 are public and 4 are privately owned. A total of 201,012 students attend all schools, with 100,201 boys and the remaining 100,801 girls. B/C 61, Grade IIIA 4,422, Diploma 112, First Degree 53, and Masters Degree 1 are

5293-531: The same in both. For example, diamonds , rubies , sapphires , and emeralds have been manufactured in labs that possess chemical and physical characteristics identical to the naturally occurring variety. Synthetic (lab created) corundum , including ruby and sapphire, is very common and costs much less than the natural stones. Small synthetic diamonds have been manufactured in large quantities as industrial abrasives , although larger gem-quality synthetic diamonds are becoming available in multiple carats. Whether

5372-426: The same named gemstone can occur in many different colors: sapphires show different shades of blue and pink and "fancy sapphires" exhibit a whole range of other colors from yellow to orange-pink, the latter called " padparadscha sapphire ". This difference in color is based on the atomic structure of the stone. Although the different stones formally have the same chemical composition and structure, they are not exactly

5451-492: The same. Every now and then an atom is replaced by a completely different atom, sometimes as few as one in a million atoms. These so-called impurities are sufficient to absorb certain colors and leave the other colors unaffected. For example, beryl , which is colorless in its pure mineral form, becomes emerald with chromium impurities. If manganese is added instead of chromium , beryl becomes pink morganite . With iron, it becomes aquamarine. Some gemstone treatments make use of

5530-615: The sample census from 2002/2003. According to the most recent data (2013/2014 reports), there are 537 dairy goats and 7,061 dairy cattle in the Rukwa region. In the Rukwa region, 102,260 tons of fish were produced between 1997 and 2002, totaling TZS 3.453 billion. 99 percent of the fish are captured in the Nkasi district. There are two large lakes in the area, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa. Other smaller lakes and rivers exist. Sardines , tilapia , nile perch, mud fish, luciolates strapessil "Migebuka," and numerous ornamental fish species are among

5609-545: The sources of this electricity. While there are extensive mineral resources in the Rukwa Region, there are no active large mines. Gem stones, including emerald , moonstone , aquamarine , amethyst , ruby , and topaz , have been recovered from a number of locations. There are coal seams in the Muze, Namwele, and Mkomolo areas, and some mining has occurred there. Due to its abundance of natural tourist resources, Rukwa can claim of exceptional tourist attractions. These include

5688-404: The stone's color, luster and other surface properties as opposed to internal reflection properties like brilliance. Grinding wheels and polishing agents are used to grind, shape, and polish the smooth dome shape of the stones. Gems that are transparent are normally faceted, a method that shows the optical properties of the stone's interior to its best advantage by maximizing reflected light which

5767-524: The synthetic stone. Synthetics are made free of common naturally occurring impurities that reduce gem clarity or color unless intentionally added in order to provide a more drab, natural appearance, or to deceive an assayer. On the other hand, synthetics often show flaws not seen in natural stones, such as minute particles of corroded metal from lab trays used during synthesis. Some gemstones are more difficult to synthesize than others and not all stones are commercially viable to attempt to synthesize. These are

5846-609: The trunk and regional roads. The Kalambo district has the fewest roads, whereas Sumbawanga Municipality has the most. Along the shores of Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa, marine transportation is an important factor in the movement of people and goods. On Lake Tanganyika, two commercial vessels—the Mwongozo and the Liemba—serve the communities of Kabwe, Korongwe, Ninde, Wampembe, Kala, Kirando, Kipili, and Kasanga. They are unreliable, though. Ships are required to anchor some distance from

5925-419: The type and extent of treatment, they can affect the value of the stone. Some treatments are used widely because the resulting gem is stable, while others are not accepted most commonly because the gem color is unstable and may revert to the original tone. Before the innovation of modern-day tools, thousands of years ago, people were recorded to use a variety of techniques to treat and enhance gemstones. Some of

6004-435: The varieties of fish that may be found in the region.In the Muze community, which is close to Lake Rukwa, crocodile farming is done on a modest scale. There are 2,512.73 km of roads in the area. Only 106.70 km and 676.65 km of the 2,512.73 km total length of the road network are paved. The remaining roads are earthen ones that are kept up. The LGAs (Local government) are in charge of the remaining network while TANROADS manages

6083-466: The various classifications of the 4,649 teachers in the region as of 2014. Nevertheless, the area need 5,126 instructors. There is a 946-teacher shortfall in the area in this regard. Primary school students perform satisfactorily academically. In comparison to 2010, when the standard IV exam passing rate was 91.68%, it was lower in 2011 (70.78%). When it comes to standard VII, the rate went from 24% in 2012 to 40% in 2013. There are 80 secondary schools in

6162-461: The world, the industry of coloured gemstones (i.e. anything other than diamonds) is currently estimated at US$ 1.55 billion as of 2023 and is projected to steadily increase to a value of US$ 4.46 billion by 2033. A gem expert is a gemologist , a gem maker is called a lapidarist or gemcutter ; a diamond cutter is called a diamantaire . The traditional classification in the West, which goes back to

6241-484: Was established in 1984. In 2012, the region was reorganized with the Mpanda District going to the new Katavi Region . The Rukwa region has a total surface area of 27,765 km , of which 6,605 km2 (23.79%) is made up of water bodies and 21,160 km (76.21%) is made up of land. Nkasi District , which makes up 47.27 percent of the region's total area, and Sumbawanga District , which makes up 36.74 percent, dominate

#581418