The Ui Enechglaiss were a dynasty attested in 5th-century Ireland, who provided some of the early kings of Laigin .
70-613: The dynasty were initially based on the plains of Kildare around Naas , (Devane, 2005, believes that they were based at Carbury Hill) but were forced east over the Wicklow Mountains by the invasions and conquests by the Uí Néill in the first half of the 6th century. An ogham stone from south of Slane in County Meath points to a connection with that area. They became a politically unimportant people, situated between
140-758: A Mercedes. See Annals of Inisfallen Kildare Town Tourist Office & Heritage Centre is situated in the Market House in Kildare Town. St. Brigid's Cathedral and Norman tower House is also located in the town centre. On the outskirts of the town are St Brigid's Well and Father Moore's Well (the latter on the Milltown Road). Tourist destinations outside the town include the Irish National Stud and Japanese Gardens , Curragh Racecourse , and Kildare Village outlet centre. The latter
210-569: A centralization of the government of the different provinces while ensuring the training of the religious. In 1499, the Reform of Albi aimed at a return to a more strict observance and in 1513 was approved as a "Congregation of Observance". However, this reform was suppressed in 1584 by Pope Gregory XIII In 1603, Henri Sylvius, Prior General of the Order, went to France at the request of the king Henri IV of France , to undertake with Philippe Thibault
280-559: A different colour to its usual national colours of red, white and blue, as these had already been taken by Italy, Germany and France respectively. It also stated red as the colour for American cars in the 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup. Carmelites The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel ( Latin : Ordo Fratrum Beatissimæ Virginis Mariæ de Monte Carmelo ; abbreviated OCarm ), known as
350-723: A discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see JJ Lee "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses Irish Population, Economy and Society" edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54, in and also New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850 by Joel Mokyr and Cormac O Grada in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov. 1984), pp. 473–488. b. According to Leinster Leader , Saturday, 11 April 1903 , Britain had to choose
420-641: A house was built in Vannes to accommodate a first community and on 2 November 1463 nine nuns arrived there from Liège and settled permanently. While the Vannes convent, such as Les Trois Maries , was to suffer suppression in 1792, during the French Revolution, in the meantime convents of Carmelite nuns had spread rapidly, including many in Spain and Italy. John Soreth played an extremely important role in
490-568: A large number of fraternities in many countries. Following the return of the Carmelites of the Old observance to France in 1989, at the request of the laity, fraternities began to be formed. The first fraternity was established in the diocese of Toulon in 1992. A second was in Nantes in 2001. Reform in Spain began in earnest in the 1560s, with the work of Teresa of Ávila , who, together with John of
560-821: A local association football (soccer) club, was founded in 1966 and plays in the Kildare & District Underage League. Cill Dara RFC plays in the Leinster League and has its grounds at Beech Park. South Kildare Soldiers (an American Football team which plays in the Irish American Football League ) is based at Rathbride Road. Kildare is served by the R445 and M7 roads. Aircoach operates an expressway service between Dublin and Cork which calls at Kildare, whilst Dublin Coach operates services to
630-422: A major cause of the decline of the order. The constitutions of the order dating from 1362 were revised and the text approved by the general chapter of Brussels in 1462. They insisted on The divine office, the vow of poverty, silence and solitude, the custody of the convent and the cell, studies, work and the visits of the superiors. The reform took hold in some of the convents, the "observant convents", and
700-541: A multitude of angels and holding in her hand the Scapular of the Order . In his vision, Mary said Receive, my dear son, this scapular of your Order, as the distinctive sign of the mark of the privilege that I have obtained for you and the children of Carmel; it is a sign of salvation, a safeguard in perils and the pledge of peace and special protection until the end of the centuries. Whoever dies in this garment will be preserved from eternal fires. Following this vision, and
770-432: A projecting porch. The tower, with its lantern belfry , extends above the level of the nave roof. It has deeply recessed windows on each face and is finished with a moulded cornice. From this point, the tapering spire rises to a height of 40 metres and is surmounted by a cross. On the north transept wall of the church are inserted – for safekeeping – some interesting fifteenth/sixteenth century stone sculptures which came from
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#1732772914709840-522: A rule of life for hermits. Tradition has established that it was Brocard, second prior general of the order, who asked the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem , Albert of Vercelli , to provide the group of hermits with a written rule of life. This rule, dated 1209, is centered on prayer and defined the way of life of hermits. The first act of the Order of Brothers of The Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel
910-541: A school close to or on the original 1290 foundation. This eighteenth century church served the Carmelites and the people in the district for more than one hundred years. The foundation stone of the present church was laid on 8 December 1884. The architect was William Hague who designed churches in the Pugin style. The church is therefore gothic in design and the builder was John Harris of Monasterevan , who used Wicklow granite and local stone from Boston, Rathangan. The church
980-456: A valley a few kilometers south of the present monastery. This was destroyed in 614 by the Persians of Khosrow II . Around 1150, a Greek monk from Calabria established a community of about ten members among the ruins of the ancient Byzantine monastery which he rebuilt and renamed Saint Elijah. Tradition indicates that the order was founded in 1185, but that is based on the story of a pilgrim in
1050-520: A vow to live a life of holy chastity . Both Saint Mel of Ardagh and Bishop Mac Caille have been credited with the consecration of Brigid and some companions, after which the woman established a community beneath an oak tree, on a hill on the edge of the Curragh . Hence the name Cill Dara , the church of the oak. Not too far away, on Dún Ailinne , lived the King of Leinster who had donated
1120-567: Is cruciform in plan with the nave being set off with alternating window and arched roof-truss. The transepts are defined by polished granite pillars with moulded bases and carved caps which support arches in line with the walls of the nave. The side chapels are seen from the transepts and chancel through arches springing from moulded piers which also support the large chancel arch with its polished granite corbel shafts, moulded bases and carved caps. The principal entrance doorway faces east with pillared jambs, carved tympanum and moulded arches set in
1190-510: Is a shopping outlet located on the outskirts of Kildare and has become a shopping and tourist destination. Kildare Town is in the Dáil constituency of Kildare South for national elections and in the local electoral area of Kildare for elections to Kildare County Council . Round Towers a local GAA club, was founded in 1888 and plays in the Kildare GAA league. Kildare Town A.F.C.,
1260-602: Is of special interest with its centrepiece being the Prophet Elijah, the spiritual founder of the Order. The surrounding panels show St Telesphorus, St Dionysius, St Albert (Patriarch of Jerusalem), St Andrew Corsini, St Cyril of Alexandria, St Louis IX, St Angelus, and St Albert of Sicily. In February 2016, the Carmelite Church and Friary were entrusted to the Indian Carmelites. In July 1903,
1330-677: The Augustinians . The Carmelites, barely spared, had to change their way of life from eremitic to mendicant. Gradually, during the 13th century, Carmelite hermits returning from Mount Carmel resettled throughout Europe, e.g. in Cyprus , Sicily , Italy , England , and southern France . Some dates and locations are known: However, the new settlements of the Carmelites in the European cities were very different from their eremitical life on Mount Carmel . In addition, they faced hostility from
1400-790: The Carmelite Order . To differentiate themselves from the Discalced Carmelites (founded in 1562), who grew out of the older order but today have more members, the original Carmelites are sometimes known as the Carmelites of the Ancient Observance and very rarely the Calced Carmelites ( discalced being a reference to some religious orders going barefoot or wearing sandals instead of shoes). Historical records about its origin remain uncertain, but
1470-467: The Carmelites or sometimes by synecdoche known simply as Carmel , is a mendicant order in the Catholic Church for both men and women. Historical records about its origin remain uncertain; it was probably founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel in what is now Israel . The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel are also known simply as the Carmelites or
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#17327729147091540-644: The Dal Messin Corb and the Ui Dega , on the coast of County Wicklow , based around Arklow . In the 11th century, their rulers adopted the surname Ua Fiachraige, now rendered as O'Fieghraie, O'Feary and Feary . Devane (p. 187, 2005) believes that "the heartland of Ui Enechglaiss [was] in Carbury, Co. Kildare, before dislocation either by Coirpre, son of Niall, or by his sons in the late 5th/early 6th century." She goes on to state that, by inference of
1610-583: The Franciscans in the Grey Abbey and built the original castle of Kildare . With the suppression of the monasteries under Henry VIII , White Abbey was surrendered on 3 April 1539. The Friars, however, continued to minister clandestinely to the people of the area during the next two centuries. When the Penal Laws were relaxed in the 1750s, the Carmelites returned to Kildare and erected a church and
1680-763: The Gordon Bennett Cup ran through Kildare. It was the first international motor race to be held in Britain or Ireland. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland wanted the race to be hosted in Britain or Ireland, and Ireland was suggested as racing was illegal on British public roads. The editor of the Dublin Motor News suggested an area in County Kildare , and letters were sent to politicians, newspapers, railway companies, hoteliers, and clergy to win support and amend local laws. Kildare
1750-596: The Red Cow (with a connection to Dublin city centre), Dublin Airport and Portlaoise. The Dublin Coach service also has a stop at the "Kildare Village" retail outlet development. Go Ahead Ireland have two services through Kildare. 126 is Dublin-Kildare, 126e is Dublin-Rathangan. Kildare railway station is located on the Dublin-Cork mainline railway line , with a connection to Waterford also, and options to change down
1820-407: The "mixed convents". John Soreth hoped that his reform would gradually be imposed in all the houses of the order, but this attempt at reform remained largely unfulfilled since the prior general who followed him favored a return to a mitigation of the rule, and met with the approval of Popes Pius II and Sixtus IV. In 1523 Pope Hadrian VI appointed Nicolas Audet as vicar general. The latter organized
1890-458: The 5th century. The Curragh lies east of the town. The town lies on the R445 , some 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Dublin – near enough for it to have become, despite being a regional centre in its own right, a commuter town for the capital. Although Kildare gives its name to the county, Naas is the county town. Rich in heritage and history, Kildare Town dates from the 5th century, when it
1960-541: The Carmelite rule and thus formed communities in the second half of the 15th century. Prior General John Soreth worked to transform these beguinages into Carmelite women's convents. On 7 October 1452, Pope Nicholas V promulgated the bull Cum Nulla introducing the Carmelites in France. Under his protection, Françoise d'Amboise (†1485), Duchess of Brittany, erected the first convent for Carmelite nuns in France. In 1463,
2030-404: The Carmelites could then rightly perform their apostolic mission. Nonetheless, a conflict ensued between the Carmelites who desired an eremitic life and those who desired an apostolic life in cities, including preaching. Consequently, two kinds of Carmelite monastery developed, one in the heart of cities and another outside them. Carmelites began to study theology at universities. The mitigation of
2100-568: The Cross , established the Discalced Carmelites . Teresa's foundations were welcomed by King Philip II of Spain , who was most anxious for all Orders to be reformed according to the principles of the Council of Trent (1545–1563). But she created practical problems at the grassroots level. The proliferation of new religious houses in towns that were already struggling to cope economically was an unwelcome prospect. Local townspeople resisted direction by
2170-735: The Discalced Carmelites had their own superior general styled praepositus general, the first such being Nicholas Doria. Due to the politics of foundation, the Discalced friars in Italy were canonically erected as a separate juridical entity. After the rise of Protestantism and the devastation of the French Wars of Religion , a spirit of reform renewed 16th–17th century France, as well as the Carmelite Order in France. In
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2240-536: The Holy Land, the interpretation of which remains questionable. The oldest (and most reliable) written accounts of the presence of Latin hermits on Mount Carmel date back to 1220 and another text from 1263 (See Steinmann 1963 , p. 24). During the Third Crusade , a group of hermits led by Berthold of Calabria began to inhabit the caves of Mount Carmel following the prophet Elijah . This first monastery
2310-579: The Order can no longer observe the rule because of its severity and rigor, both because of the fragility human than by weakness of the body. Two Carmelites were sent to convey this request to the Pope. The Pope responded in 1435 with the bull Romani Pontificis , dated 15 February 1432, the date of the petition. Addressed to the Prior General, Jean Faci, the bull granted the Carmelites permission to freely and lawfully stay and walk "in their churches, and in
2380-544: The Pope confirmed their anteriority. After the General Chapter of the Order of 1287 in Montpellier , France , the Carmelites replaced the white and brown striped, or barred, coat of their habit with a white cloak, because of which cloak they therefore colloquially were denominated "White Friars". The assimilation of the Carmelites as a mendicant order in 1326 by Pope John XXII ended the final hindrances, and
2450-614: The Rule came after the great epidemic of the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century, which brought about a collapse of the European population accompanied by a decrease of members of monastic orders. During the chapter of Nantes, a majority of Carmelites asked to appeal to Pope Eugene IV for a second mitigation of the Rule of 1209 of Saint Albert; the reform of 1247 was considered the first mitigation. The letter, dated 15 February 1432, indicated that Many professed members of
2520-628: The Touraine Reform, after the Province from which the movement originated. Carmelite nunneries were established in New Spain (Mexico), the first founded in 1604 in Puebla de los Angeles , New Spain's second largest city, followed by one in the capital Mexico City 1616. In all, before Mexican independence in 1821, there were five Carmelite convents among 56 nunneries. Daniel Papebroch
2590-402: The ancient observant rule. The Carmelites of Mantua obtained from Pope Eugene IV the bull Fama laudabilis , in 1442, which allowed them to be a separate congregation, governed by a vicar general and only distantly subject to the prior general. While influential during the 15th century, the "Reform of Mantua" subsequently became of marginal influence. Finally, this mitigation introduced around 1465
2660-554: The area. A number of septs of the Ui Enechglais were the following: Kildare Kildare ( Irish : Cill Dara , meaning 'church of oak') is a town in County Kildare , Ireland . As of 2022 , its population was 10,302, making it the 7th largest town in County Kildare. It is home to Kildare Cathedral , historically the site of an important abbey said to have been founded by Saint Brigid of Kildare in
2730-526: The bull Dum attendant meditatatione of 28 November 1476, which conceded many advantages to the mendicant orders. However, this mitigation of the Rule was somewhat resisted. Even before its promulgation, there was some protest against "a general relaxation" of the Rule. The advantages of the new rule were sometimes frowned upon in certain monasteries which wished to return to the old rule of 1247. The convents of La Selve (near Florence), Mantua and Géronde (Switzerland) thrived because of their tendency to observe
2800-482: The cloisters of these and in the places adjoining them at the appropriate times", moreover, it granted the faculty to eat meat three days a week, except during Advent and Lent and on other days when this was prohibited by general law. Pope Pius II completed this permission on 5 December 1469 by granting the Prior General the faculty of dispensing from fasting on days when abstinence was lifted. Pope Sixtus IV granted greater freedom, commonly known as Mare magnum , in
2870-508: The communal dimension of their life was clearly emphasized. Pope Innocent IV clarified and corrected some ambiguities and mitigated some severities of the original Rule, and on 1 October 1247 he established the text in the bull Quae honorem conditoris omnium . Thereafter, e.g., the Carmelites no longer ate meals in their cells separately and instead ate in common in a refectory . Thereafter Carmelites also preached and heard confessions in secular (ordinary) churches. The last great uncertainty for
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2940-730: The end of the Crusades . They then returned to Europe where they spread this new monastic order. The rule of St. Albert was not approved by a pope until 30 January 1226 in the bull Ut vivendi normam of Honorius III . In 1229 Pope Gregory IX confirmed this rule again and gave it the status of Regula bullata . At the end of the first crusade led by Louis IX of France in the Holy Land in 1254 (the Seventh Crusade ), Louis brought six Carmelites back to France who joined with those who since 1238 had started to seek and found houses all over Europe. The fall of Saint-Jean-d'Acre in 1291, and
3010-880: The fall of the Latin state of Outremer led to the destruction of the last Carmelite convents in the Holy Land. The Carmelites who had chosen to remain there were massacred by the Mamelukes . Jerg Ratgeb painted a fresco retracing the life of the Carmelites at the beginning of the 16th century, on the walls of the refectory of the Carmelite monastery in Frankfurt. Back in Europe, the hermits of Carmel encountered many difficulties. Their eremitic life did not adapt well to their new settlements, they were scattered in different nations, and they found themselves in "competition" with other mendicant orders . Pope Innocent III wished to bring
3080-668: The founding of the Third Order of the Carmelites. Pope Nicholas V supported this action in his bull Cum Nulla , too. In France, there were many Carmelite fraternities of the Third Order before the Revolution. Many died during the French Revolution , but a few evolved and organized themselves into a religious congregation of apostolic life. Currently the Third Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel has
3150-573: The general chapter held in Rome, the provincial of Touraine, Léon de Saint-Jean, was appointed a member of a committee to further revise these constitutions with a view to having them adopted by all the reformed convents of the order. From the Middle Ages, women close to the communities of Carmelite friars were drawn to their life of prayer. Thus, in the Low Countries some beguinages adopted
3220-593: The interior life and regular observance as the antidote to the laxity and decadence into which religious life had fallen, in addition, incorporating currents of renewal from the Discalced Reform, the French School , and the Society of Jesus . Thibault is said to have wished to marry the spirit of the society with the Order of Carmelites as far as possible. One of the most renowned figures of the Reform
3290-431: The late 16th century, Pierre Behourt began an effort to restore the state of the Province of Touraine , which was continued by the practical reforms of Philip Thibault. The Provincial Chapter of 1604 appointed Thibault the prior of the Convent in Rennes, and moved the Novitiate to Rennes, thereby ensuring that new members of the Province would be formed by the reform-minded friars. The Observance of Rennes advocated poverty,
3360-403: The line for Limerick, Galway and Westport and Ballina. It is served by the south western commuter service as well. From the station, a community transport company serves Milltown, Nurney and Kildangan, there is a shuttle bus service to "Kildare Village" and on race days, also a shuttle bus to the Curragh Racecourse. a. 1813 estimate of population is from Mason's Statistical Survey For
3430-419: The mendicant orders all together under the direction of the Order of Friars Minor and the Order of Preachers . In 1215, the Fourth Lateran Council decided to group the existing Mendicant orders under the two primary ones. In 1274 the Second Council of Lyon disestablished all mendicant orders that were founded after 1215; only four remained: the Franciscans , the Order of Preachers , the Carmelites , and
3500-452: The nobility and diocesan clergy. Teresa tried to make her monasteries as self-sufficient as was practicable, and accordingly restricted the number of nuns in each community. The Discalced Carmelites also faced much opposition from unreformed Carmelite houses, as when Carmelites from Toledo arrested and imprisoned John of the Cross in their monastery. Only in the 1580s did the Discalced Carmelites gain official approval of their status. In 1593,
3570-418: The only one, not to refer to a charismatic founder, but to a prophet of the Old Testament : Elijah and his disciple Elisha are considered by the Carmelites as the spiritual fathers of the order. Tradition indicates the presence on Mount Carmel of a series of Jewish and then Christian hermits who lived, prayed and taught in the caves used by Elijah and Elisha. This is how the first Christian hermits (at
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#17327729147093640-447: The order the "Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel" and asked bishops to kindly accept them in their dioceses. However, the hostility of the secular clergy to the Carmelites was such that it prompted repetition of this recommendation on 4 October later that year. In 1247, the Carmelites asked Pope Innocent IV to modify the Rule of Saint Albert of 1209 to adapt it to their new way of life in cities. In this modification,
3710-400: The order was probably founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel in the Crusader States . Berthold of Calabria , as well as Albert of Vercelli , have traditionally been associated with the founding of the order, but few clear records of early Carmelite history have survived. The order of Carmelite nuns was formalised in 1452. The Carmelite Order is one of the few monastic orders, if not
3780-439: The origin of the founding of the order) settled in the caves of Mount Carmel to pray to God. The first chapel built within the hermitages and bringing together this community is dedicated to the Virgin Mary . Very quickly, the spirituality of the order turned to Mary who became the queen and mistress of Carmel. Before the presence of the Carmelites, in the 6th century Byzantine monks built a monastery dedicated to Saint Elijah in
3850-421: The reform of the province of Touraine. Pierre Behourt, Louis Charpentier, Philippe Thibault and Jean de Saint-Samson were to be the initiators and architects of this reform of the Carmelites of the Old observance. Figures of note in the Catholic Reformation , they were supported by Charles Borromeo , cardinal and archbishop of Milan . On 20 June 1604, at the provincial chapter of Nantes , Henri Sylvius published
3920-411: The ruins of the Franciscan Grey Abbey. They are similar to the carvings from Great Connell and Dunfierth , also in County Kildare, and probably came from the same workshop. The stained glass in the church includes scenes from the lives of Our Lord and the Blessed Virgin Mary, from the Scapular Vision, as well as Saints Patrick and Brigid, and the four Evangelists. The rose window over the main entrance
3990-418: The secular clergy and even from other mendicant orders, who saw them as competitors. According to tradition, the prior general of the Carmelites, Simon Stock , worried about the very difficult situation of the order, which was still threatened with dissolution by the Catholic Church, intensely prayed to the Blessed Virgin Mary to aid the order. In 1251, Our Lady of Mount Carmel appeared to him accompanied by
4060-461: The site to the holy woman. A story told was that the King had offered Brigid as much land as her cloak would cover. When she spread her garment it miraculously stretched out to embrace the entire Curragh. True to his promise, the King gave her the fertile plain, and there the new community grazed their sheep and cows. The Carmelite Friars accepted the invitation of Lord William de Vesci and came to Kildare in 1290. This same de Vesci also established
4130-414: The sources, "the Dál Messin Corb (a branch of the Uí Enechglaiss) was, in fact, dominant in north Leinster in the 5th century and was to the fore in the defence of the province against Coirpre and Ui Neill. This view is supported by the 'Vita Tripartia', in which Saint Patrick , or more likely Palladius , encountered members of the Uí Garrchon soon after his arrival in Ireland. The meeting took place in
4200-416: The spread of the Scapular, the Order of Carmel endured and spread rapidly. The historicity of these events is disputed because of the lack of contemporary written records for the period in question; the earliest extant written records are from approximately 150 years later), and some documents contradict this narrative. In the bull Paganorum incursus of 27 July 1247, Pope Innocent IV officially denominated
4270-414: The statutes of the reform, which intended to promote the interior life and return to the ancient tradition of the order, under the patronage of the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph . By the middle of the 17th century, most of the French provinces had adopted the reform, which had already won over the convents of Belgium (1624) and Germany. Its constitutions were definitively affirmed in 1635. In 1645, during
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#17327729147094340-510: The survival of the order occurred in 1274. During the sanota vacillationis session of 17 July 1274, the Second Council of Lyon , presided by Pope Gregory X , suppressed all the mendicant orders that lacked regular legal status ( incert mendicita ). The Carmelites defended the anteriority of their foundation, i.e. their institution before 1215, and the pertinent decisions of the Fourth Lateran Council , and emphasized their pontifical approvals. After many Carmelite interventions during this session,
4410-418: The vicinity of Naas , which is situated in Mag Liphi (the Liffy Plain), then heartland of political power in north Leinster." Mac Cairthinn mac Coelboth , who was killed at the battle of Fremen in 446, was King of Leinster and one of the earliest historically attested Irish kings. The poet Dubhthach moccu Lughair was a native of Gorey, though he lived some sixty years prior to the dynasty's removal to
4480-446: Was John of St. Samson , a blind lay brother, highly regarded for his humility and exalted spiritual life. In 1612, Br. John was moved to the Convent at Rennes and, in addition to playing the organ, served as the instructor and spiritual director of the novices. Thus John of St. Samson became known as the "Soul of the Reform." Eventually, the Observance of Rennes spread to priories throughout France, Belgium, and Germany, and became known as
4550-417: Was a member of the Bollandists , a group of Jesuit hagiographers who produced the Acta Sanctorum , which took an analytical approach to the "Lives of the Saints". In his preliminary commentary on Albert of Vercelli , who is credited with the Carmelite Rule, Papebroch said that the tradition universally received by the Carmelites, that the origin of the order dated back to the prophet Elias, as its founder,
4620-400: Was chosen, among other candidate venues, partly because the straightness of the roads was deemed a safety benefit. As a compliment to Ireland, the British team chose to race in Shamrock green which became known as British racing green . The 528 km race ran on a loop through parts of counties Kildare and Carlow, including Kildare town. It was won by Belgian racer Camille Jenatzy in
4690-502: Was definitively incorporated into the regulation of the Order of the Great Carmelites in 1783 by Pope Pius VI. John Soreth , a friar from the Carmelite Convent of Caen, who served as Prior General in the years 1451–1471, tried to convince his subjects to lead a more rigorous religious life by developing seeds already sown and promoting movements that already existed. His motto was "Return to the Rule of Saint Albert". In his early decrees he protested against privileges and exemptions, seen as
4760-409: Was located in the east–west facing valley located 3.5 km (2.2 mi) south of the current monastery, and east of the "Haifa Sde Yehoshua Cemetery". At the beginning of the 13th century, their leader was supposed to be Brocard , although written evidence is lacking. In the Carmelite rule, reference is made only to "Brother B." (in the introductory sentence of the rule) who asked the patriarch for
4830-437: Was the site of the original 'Church of the Oak' and monastery founded by Saint Brigid. This became one of the three most important Christian foundations in Celtic Ireland. It was said that Brigid's mother was a Christian and that Brigid was reared in her father's family, that is with the children of his lawful wife. From her mother, Brigid learned dairying and the care of the cattle, and these were her occupations after she made
4900-432: Was to dedicate a chapel to the Virgin Mary under the title of Mary, Star of the Sea (in Latin: Stella Maris ). Elisabeth Steinmann considers it probable that the hermits of Mount Carmel also settled in some cities of Palestine ( Acre, Israel , Tire , Tripoli , Beaulieu in Lebanon), but after a few decades, these hermits began to leave the Holy Land as a result of the insecurity linked to the Muslim reconquests which marked
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