Vapor (or vapour ) recovery is the process of collecting the vapors of gasoline and other fuels, so that they do not escape into the atmosphere. This is often done (and sometimes required by law) at filling stations , to reduce noxious and potentially explosive fumes and pollution.
18-584: VRU is an abbreviation of: Vapor recovery unit, a means for recycling evaporated fuel. Vancouver Rugby Union in Canada. Victorian Rugby Union in Australia. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, its parliament. Vertical reference unit, used for dynamic positioning . Violence Reduction Unit , a division of the Scottish police force. Voice response unit,
36-683: A Vapor Recovery Gasoline Nozzle and submitted it to the Chevron Station Management as an employee suggestion. Mark was included in the design and development as the original Vapor recovery gasoline nozzle, which was manufactured and delivered by Huddleson. Mark was also promoted from the Chevron Service Station to an executive position based out of the Corporate in La Habra, California. Mark was appointed as
54-399: A barrel to capacity. In winemaking, ullage came to refer to any amount by which a barrel is unfilled, perhaps because some of the contents have been used. It is also applied to the unfilled air space at the top of a bottle of wine, which in this case is essential to allow for expansion of the contents as the temperature changes. By further extension, in brewing and beer retail, ullage is
72-421: A closed venting system from the storage tank ullage space to a vapor recovery unit which will recover the vapors for return to the process or destroy them, usually by oxidation. Vapor recovery towers are also used in the oil and gas industry to provide flash gas recovery at near atmospheric pressure without the chance of oxygen ingress at the top of the storage tanks. The ability to create the vapor flash inside
90-564: A container, particularly with a liquid. The word ullage comes from the Latin word oculus , used by the Romans to refer to a barrel cork hole. This word was, in turn, taken in medieval French as oeil , from which a verb ouiller was created, meaning to fill a barrel to full capacity. Around 1300, the word ouillage was created by the Normans to refer to the amount of liquid needed to fill
108-503: A return path through another hose. In 1975 the Vapor Recovery Gasoline Nozzle was an improvement on the idea of the original gasoline nozzle delivery system. The improved idea was the brain child of Mark Maine of San Diego, California, where Mark was a gas station attendant at a corporate owned and operated Chevron U.S.A. service station. The story is, after watching the tanker truck driver deliver gasoline to
126-551: A telephony system also known as interactive voice response . Vulnerable road user, a concept in road traffic safety . Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title VRU . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VRU&oldid=1134642575 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
144-399: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Vapor recovery The negative pressure created by a vacuum pump typically located in the fuel dispenser, combined with the pressure in the car's fuel tank caused by the inflow, is usually used to pull in the vapors. They are drawn in through holes in the side of the nozzle and travel along
162-544: The USA. In Australia, vapor recovery has become mandatory in major urban areas. There are two categories - VR1 and VR2. VR1 must be installed at fuel stations that pump less than 500,000 litres annually, VR2 must be installed for larger amounts, or as designated by various EPA bodies. Vapor recovery is also used in the chemical process industry to remove and recover vapors from storage tanks. The vapors are usually either environmentally hazardous, or valuable. The process consists of
180-468: The Vapor Recovery Gasoline Nozzle executive for the 2 year implementation program, his duties were to train and oversee the installation and maintenance of 124 Chevron Service Stations within San Diego County. Chevron USA lobbied California Law Makers, and the law was changed to require the new improved Vapor Recovery Gasoline Nozzle delivery system state wide and eventually such followed across
198-601: The empty space in large tanks or holds used to store or carry liquids or bulk solids such as grain . In accordance with IMO regulations, the Code of Federal Regulations , and the ABS Rules for Steel Vessels, certain pressurized tanks on steel ships may not be filled greater than 98% full, although there are exceptions. This is so that the pressure relief valve is always in contact with a gas or vapor . Certain pressure relief valves for chemical use are not designed to relieve
SECTION 10
#1732792004514216-417: The liquid propellant at the bottom of the tank near the engine propellant inlet prior to ignition of the main engine(s). Engines devoted to this single purpose are typically called ullage motors . Reaction control system thrusters are also often used to settle propellants prior to reignition of a liquid propellant engine in space. Ullage is also widely used in industrial or marine settings to describe
234-413: The pressure when in contact with liquids. In some cases, the ullage in a ship's hold can be relevant to stability ; liquid or dry bulk cargo in a part-filled hold can shift asymmetrically towards one side as the ship heels to one side and the other, reducing the margin of stability when compared with a full hold. Excessive ullage in a tank may contribute to the free surface effect . When referring to
252-626: The residue of beer left in a barrel that has been emptied. When calculating tax returns and the like, licensed premises owners, landlords or managers can factor in the duty on ullage , or unavoidable barrel wastage. Ullage therefore has come to be used as a general term, in the licensed trade, for waste beer whether at the barrel or at the bar tap or pump. However, what customers leave in their glasses does not count as ullage, because it has been sold. Liquid propellant rockets and spacecraft store their propellants in tanks. Cryogenic tanks are never completely filled, to prevent severe pressure drop in
270-413: The station using two hoses, one to deliver the gasoline from the tanker, and the other hose to recover the escaping gasoline vapors back into the emptying tanker. Mark talked with the driver to understand why the two hose system was used, and also why it was not implemented on the standard delivery nozzle, allowing vapors to escape from the vehicle gas tank. After the tanker driver left, Mark drew an idea for
288-503: The tank after engine start. On the ground, or in the continued gravitational field of Earth during rocket-propelled ascent, the space between the top of the propellant load and the top of the tank is known as "ullage space". Ullage pressure is a critical measurable during powered rocket flight, because it affects tank structural integrity and engine net positive suction head (NPSH). In the weightless condition in space without engine thrust, empty space occurs in partially-filled tanks, and
306-416: The tower often reduces storage tank emissions to less than six tons per year, exempting the tank battery from Quad O reporting requirements. The identifiable benefits from an organizational stand point behind vapor recovery is that it helps to make the industry more sustainable and creates a pipeline for pumping exhausts back into production. Ullage Ullage or headspace is the unfilled space in
324-411: The ullage space becomes distributed across much of the tank in a heterogenous mixture of masses of liquid amidst many gaseous regions. Under these conditions, liquid floats away from the engine intake, which is undesirable for stable engine operation. The application of a small force, from a small rocket engine for example, are sometimes used to provide sufficient acceleration to reaggregate (settle)
#513486