The Volkonsky House located at 9 Vozdvizhenka Street in central Moscow , Russia is considered the prototype of the house of old Prince Bolkonsky in Leo Tolstoy 's 1869 novel War and Peace . The building was constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries, but was completely rebuilt in 2013, raising its height from two stories to four.
24-674: Vasily Vladimirovich Grushetsky (1743 - 1813) bought the land in 1774 and built much of the house over the next few years. He was an officer of the Semenov Life Guards regiment and fought in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768 -1774. He was an in-law and subordinate of Prince Vasily Dolgorukov famous for his conquest of the Crimea . Grushetsky fought in the assault of Perekop and the battle of Alushta . The house later belonged to his daughter P. V. Muraveva-Apostol, who sold
48-547: A Russian commander and politician, promoted to Field Marshal ( генерал-фельдмаршал ) in 1728. His life and fortune swung like a weather vane, due to complex plots and the troubled time following Peter the Great 's death. Son of a boyar , Vasili Dolgorukov was, starting from 1685, a stolnik at the royal court. He was then enlisted in the Preobrazhensky regiment in 1700, starting his true military career. Serving in
72-705: A company known as Intererservis, which is wholly owned by Lyudmila Alexandrovna Shkrebnyova, which is Putina's maiden name. Putina's sister, Olga Alexandrovna Tsomayeva, was previously General Director of Intererservis. Artur Ocheretny, Putina's current husband, chairs the CDIC's management board. 55°45′09″N 37°36′19″E / 55.7526°N 37.6052°E / 55.7526; 37.6052 Vasily Dolgorukov-Krymsky Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Krymsky ( Russian : Василий Михайлович Долгоруков-Крымский ; 12 July [ O.S. 1 July] 1722 – 10 February [ O.S. 30 January] 1782)
96-419: A violent behavior towards his own son. Dolgorukov was tried, demoted and exiled to Solikamsk . Following Catherine I's coronation on 7 May 1724. Dolgorukov was brought back from his exile and given the rank of colonel and then brigadier . In 1726, he was appointed commander-in-chief of Caucasus forces. In 1728, as an ultimate consecration of his military career, he was promoted field marshal and member of
120-678: The Kunersdorf . He was also present at the Third Siege of Kolberg as one of Rumyanstev's subordinates. When Catherine the Great took power towards the end of the war, she made a point of favoring Dolgorukov for his service, having him promoted to general-in-chief on the day of her formal coronation. In 1767 she would award him the Order of St. Andrew , the highest order of knighthood in the Russian Empire. In 1769 Prince Dolgorukov
144-567: The Siege of Küstrin and the subsequent Battle of Zorndorf in August 1758. For the valor he demonstrated at Küstrin, he would later be promoted to lieutenant-general and awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky . Towards the end of this campaign Dolgorukov was wounded in the leg by canister shot , and had to seek treatment for his injury, but the General recovered in time to lead an infantry brigade at
168-738: The Supreme Privy Council . After Anna Ioanovna's coronation in 1730, Dolgoroukov was appointed to Senate and made president of College of War . However, reportedly made insulting remarks regarding persecutions staged by Anna against his family. In 1731, after a complex plot, he was accused of insulting remarks regarding the Empress and sentenced to death. His sentence was changed to life imprisonment first in Schlisselburg fortress, then in Ivangorod in 1737, and finally he
192-644: The Turks left the towns of Arabat , Yeni-Kale , Kerch , Balaklava and others. As a result Crimea was actually conquered by Russia, Russian protégé Şahin Giray became khan (the final annexation of the Crimean Khanate took place in 1783). During the celebration of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774, held 21-07-1775, Dolgorukov was granted a sword decorated with diamonds, and the addition of "Krymsky" to
216-502: The "opening" of Moscow Governorate according to the provisions of the reforms of governorates in 1775 in accordance with the decree of Empress Catherine II . He won the respect of Muscovites due to his honesty and availability for appeals. The correspondence of Catherine II with Dolgorukov-Krymsky for 1780–82 (25 letters) has survived. Dolgorukov, now a major-general, served in the Seven Years' War , distinguishing himself at both
240-554: The Civil War" and others. Later, the house belonged to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . It is now privately owned. The modern look of the house was formed in the reconstructions at the turn of 20th century and in the 2010s. The north facade facing Vozdvizhenka Street was rebuilt in 1897 by architect K. Terek, and the facade facing Holy Cross Lane and the dome on the corner of the house were added by P. Zarutsky in 1907. Before 2009,
264-669: The Preobrazhensky regiment, he took part in Russian Northern Wars and distinguished himself during the siege of Mitava in 1705. In 1706, he was transferred to Ukraine , where he was under the command of Ivan Mazepa , where he distinguished himself in 1707–1708 during the squelching of the Bulavin Rebellion . During the Battle of Poltava he was the commander of the reserve cavalry force. In 1715, he
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#1732787516538288-541: The Ryumins and met P. S. Scherbatovaya in the house. She was the prototype of Kitty Scherbatskaya in his 1878 novel Anna Karenina . In the early twentieth century the mansion was owned by Shamsi Asadulaev, an oilman from Baku , Azerbaijan . In Soviet times, the building was occupied by several organizations, including the People's Commissariat for Naval Affairs, the editorial offices of "Peasant Newspaper" and "History of
312-460: The Unions and numerous other historic mansions that dot the city of Moscow . Vasily Mikhailovich was the son of senator and governor of Prince Mikhail Vladimirovich Dolgorukov from his marriage to Princess Yevdokiya Yurievna Odoyevskaya. His childhood was marked by the disgrace and imprisonment of his uncle Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov under the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna , which affected
336-476: The body that oversaw the entire Imperial Army . In 1747 he was made a full colonel and given command over his own regiment, the Tobolsk Infantry. According to the recollections of Prince Yakov Shakhovskoy , which he cited from his personal notes, Dolgorukov conspicuously studied from his fellow commanders to improve his knowledge of military affairs. He made a great contribution to the preparation of
360-533: The entire family. Vasily Mikhailovich was inducted into the military as a private in 1735 at the age of 13, where he gained his first combat experience fighting under Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Münnich in the Crimea. He would distinguish himself at the Siege of Perekop . Before the storming of the fortress, Münnich promised that the first soldier to ascend the fortifications alive would be promoted to officer. Young Dolgorukov would prove to be that soldier, and
384-402: The family name. However, resenting the fact that he was not granted a field marshal, Dolgorukov-Krymsky retired and began to improve his Znamenskoye-Gubailovo and Volynshchina estates near Moscow. Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov ( Russian : Князь Василий Владимирович Долгоруков ; c. January 1667 – 11 February 1746, Saint Petersburg ) was
408-399: The former wife of Russian President Vladimir Putin . The CDIC's offices are in the building, but it is mainly occupied by commercial tenants, including VTB Bank , Sberbank , Severstroygroup - a construction company, a sushi restaurant and a Burger King . Total rent from the building is about $ 3-$ 4 million. Tenants pay their rent to a company known as Meridian, which is in turn owned by
432-505: The house in 1816 to Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Volkonsky . Volkonsky was the maternal grandfather of Leo Tolstoy, and is believed to be the prototype of Prince Bolkonsky in War and Peace . The novel refers to "an old, gloomy house on Vozdvizhenka", where some of the scenes of the novel occur. From the 1830s the mansion belonged to the Rumin family, who were nobility from Ryazan . Tolstoy visited
456-527: The house was identified by a plaque as an object of cultural heritage. In 2013, despite numerous objections by politicians and cultural figures, the building was reconstructed, increasing the height from 2 to 4 stories, and rebuilding the dome. The building, according to Reuters , is owned by the Centre for the Development of Inter-personal Communications (CDIC), which is controlled by Lyudmila Putina ,
480-464: The only member of his entire noble clan to be exempted from the ban during her ten-year reign. Under the rule of Elizabeth Petrovna , Dolgorukov would find himself promoted rapidly through the ranks. In 1741 he would be made a captain, and by 1745 would be a lieutenant-colonel and adjutant to his now rehabilitated uncle Vasily Vladamirovich, who had been appointed president of the Collegium of War ,
504-585: Was a Russian statesman, general, and the commander-in-chief of Moscow from 1780 to 1782. Already a seasoned veteran of several wars, he was a senior military commander of the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, where his forces occupied the Crimean Khanate , from which he derived his honorary title of "Krymsky" (actually means "of Crimea"). He was the original builder and owner of the House of
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#1732787516538528-654: Was assigned the mission to cordon off the border between the Russia and the Crimean Khanate with his detachment of troops. The next year he succeeded Petr Ivanovich Panin as commander of the 2nd Field Army (38,000). In 1771 he was sent to conquer the Khanate: on June 25 he captured the fortifications of the Isthmus of Perekop , on July 10 he defeated the Tatar - Turkish army (95,000) at Kefe (now Feodosia ); after this victory
552-655: Was given the rank of poruchik . When Anna had ascended the throne, she had ordered that no one from the Dolgorukov family be granted officer rank in the military, that they could only be allowed in the enlisted ranks. According to research by Valentin Pikul , Münnich reported the events of the siege to the Empress in person, including his act of promoting Vasily. Anna simply replied to her general, "Do not take away my sword from this suckling", and so Vasily Mikhailovich became
576-497: Was sent to Poland as a represent of Peter (who was ill at that time), where he concluded, in 1716, a pact with Danzig , forcing the city into an anti-Swedish policy. He also accompanied Peter the Great during his foreign travels in 1717 and 1718. Despite being a favorite of Peter the Great , Dolgorukov disapproved a number of Peter's reforms, and eventually became a partisan of tsarevich Alexei Petrovich . In 1718, following Alexei's trial and death, Dolgorukov reproached Peter such
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