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132-410: The organization also partners with businesses to provide tools and services to help companies, brands, campuses and government manage volunteer programs and support corporate social responsibility initiatives. VolunteerMatch works with clients in different industries, and since its launch in 1998 it has won several awards. VolunteerMatch is free to use by individuals. Nonprofit organizations may elect

264-577: A corporate ethic strategy similar to what is now known today as Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG); that time has passed as various companies have pledged to go beyond that or have been mandated or incentivized by governments to have a better impact on the surrounding community. In addition, national and international standards, laws, and business models have been developed to facilitate and incentivize this phenomenon. Various organizations have used their authority to push it beyond individual or industry-wide initiatives. In contrast, it has been considered

396-420: A philanthropic , activist, or charitable nature by engaging in, with, or supporting professional service volunteering through pro bono programs, community development , administering monetary grants to non-profit organizations for the public benefit , or to conduct ethically oriented business and investment practices. While once it was possible to describe CSR as an internal organizational policy or

528-418: A profit motive when participating in corporate philanthropy and community volunteering. On the other hand, the remaining corporate social initiatives can be examples of cause marketing, in which there is both a societal interest and a profit motive. CSR may be based within the human resources , business development or public relations departments of an organisation, or may be a separate unit reporting to

660-423: A CSR perspective, while critics argue that CSR distracts from businesses' economic role. A 2000 study compared existing econometric studies of the relationship between social and financial performance, concluding that the contradictory results of previous studies reporting positive, negative, and neutral financial impact were due to flawed empirical analysis and claimed when the study is properly specified, CSR has

792-599: A California firm called WIS Media Partners, which was created in December 2016 by a close friend and advisor to Melania Trump, named Stephanie Winston Wolkoff , whose staff stayed at the Trump International Hotel during the planning of the inauguration. Wolkoff was personally paid about $ 500,000 for the inauguration. Twenty-four million dollars went to an independent organization created by television producer Mark Burnett , "Inaugural Productions", for

924-416: A business enterprise that emerge from neighborhoods, environmental groups, local stakeholders, and other elements of the surrounding civil society". Social License to Operate can be determined as contractual grounds for the legitimacy of activities and projects a company is involved in. It refers to the level of support and approval of a company's activities by its stakeholders. Displaying commitment to CSR

1056-411: A classic black tuxedo, with a white button up shirt, and a black bow tie, in keeping with tradition. Melania Trump wore a white, off-the-shoulder, sleeveless gown designed by French-American fashion designer Hervé Pierre . Pierre has also designed dresses for first ladies Laura Bush , Hillary Clinton and Michelle Obama , and he has been styling for Melania Trump for several years. The dress featured

1188-427: A company's economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to society at large. Social accounting emphasizes the notion of corporate accountability . Crowther defines social accounting as "an approach to reporting a firm's activities which stresses the need for the identification of socially relevant behavior, the determination of those to whom the company is accountable for its social performance and

1320-523: A correlation between social/environmental performance and financial performance. The business case for CSR within a company employs one or more of these arguments: First inauguration of Donald Trump The inauguration of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States marked the commencement of Trump's first term as president and Mike Pence 's only term as vice president . An estimated 300,000 to 600,000 people attended

1452-471: A differentiation strategy. They concluded that managers could determine the appropriate level of investment in CSR by conducting a cost-benefit analysis in the same way they analyze other investments. Reinhardt (1998) found that a firm engaging in a CSR-based strategy could only sustain an abnormal return if it could prevent competitors from imitating it. The relationship between corporate social responsibility and

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1584-765: A fireworks celebration, accompanied by a U.S. military choir and band performing the Battle Hymn of the Republic . On the morning of the inauguration, on January 20, after staying the night at the Blair House , the traditional house used by the incoming president-elect due to its proximity to the White House , Trump and his wife, Melania, and Mike Pence and his wife, Karen, attended a church service at St. John's Episcopal Church . The tradition dates back to James Madison , with every president since then attending

1716-428: A firm's corporate financial performance is a phenomenon that is being explored in a variety of research studies that are being conducted across the world. Based on these research studies, including those undertaken by Sang Jun Cho, Chune Young Chung, and Jason Young, a positive relationship exists between a firm's corporate social responsibility policies and corporate financial performance. To investigate this relationship,

1848-403: A form of corporate self-regulation for some time, over the last decade or so it has moved considerably from voluntary decisions at the level of individual organizations to mandatory schemes at regional, national, and international levels. Moreover, scholars and firms are using the term " creating shared value ", an extension of corporate social responsibility, to explain ways of doing business in

1980-785: A foundation for consumers to verify that their products are socially sustainable . Due to an increased awareness of the need for CSR, many industries have their verification resources. They include organizations such as the Forest Stewardship Council (paper and forest products), International Cocoa Initiative, and Kimberly Process (diamonds). The United Nations Global Compact provides frameworks not only for verification, but also for reporting human rights violations in corporate supply chains. The rise of ethics training inside corporations, some of which are required by government regulation, has helped CSR to spread. Such training aims to help employees make ethical decisions when

2112-486: A free basic account or opt for more robust recruiting tools by becoming VolunteerMatch Members. Regional and national organizations with multiple chapters can elect for Group Membership which includes a bundle of enterprise tools for regional and national nonprofit organizations with multiple chapters. Products and services for companies, schools, and multi-chapter nonprofits are administered under its Business Solutions sub-brand. On September 7, 2009, VolunteerMatch introduced

2244-538: A front slit, a ruffled accent and a thin red belt to cinch the waist. The Liberty Ball, one of two official balls held at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center , was the first stop of the evening for the president and first lady. The Trumps danced to their first song, which was chosen to be " My Way " by Frank Sinatra , and was performed by Erin Boheme , an American jazz singer. In an attempt to allow more access to

2376-420: A good start." VolunteerMatch provides some services similar to those of UK -based Worldwide Helpers, though the latter organization focuses only on projects that are low-cost to the volunteer. Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility ( CSR ) or corporate social impact is a form of international private business self-regulation which aims to contribute to societal goals of

2508-613: A healthy, educated workforce, sustainable resources, and an adept government to compete effectively. For society to thrive, profitable and competitive businesses must be developed and supported to create income, wealth, tax revenues, and philanthropy. The Harvard Business Review article "Strategy & Society: The Link between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility" provided examples of companies that have developed deep linkages between their business strategies and CSR. CSV acknowledges trade-offs between short-term profitability and social or environmental goals, but emphasizes

2640-579: A live map that displays search activity on its network in real-time. Also in 2010 it updated its Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) or Network Subscription for commercial use to increase accessibility to their volunteer network. In June 2011, VolunteerMatch Business Solutions introduced YourMatch to help businesses and organizations launch or grow volunteer engagement programs. Over the last few years, VolunteerMatch began offering its network of 100,000 volunteer opportunities to BrightFunds, Causecast , CyberGrants, and YourCause customers. On July 31, 2018,

2772-576: A million unique visitors. Its second highest day of website traffic occurred on November 10, 2016, two days after the 2016 U.S. presidential election . On April 25, 2018, VolunteerMatch celebrated its 20th birthday. In 1999 VolunteerMatch was awarded the Socially Responsible Award from the MIT Sloan School of Management eCommerce. It received a Macworld Web Award in 2000, and in 2001 it received two Webby Awards in

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2904-403: A neutral impact on financial outcomes. Critics have questioned the "lofty" and sometimes "unrealistic expectations" of CSR, or observed that CSR is merely window-dressing , or an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations . In line with this critical perspective, political and sociological institutionalists became interested in CSR in

3036-477: A painting has served as a backdrop for the head table. For the 2017 inaugural luncheon, the featured painting was George Caleb Bingham 's The Verdict of the People , which depicts a Missouri town and its citizens both celebrating and mourning the election victory of what historians say was a likely proslavery candidate. Following the luncheon, Trump, Pence, and their wives reviewed an honor guard of troops at

3168-595: A positive response. Somerville also found that consumers are loyal and willing to spend more on retailers that support charity. Consumers also believe that retailers selling local products will gain loyalty. Smith (2013) shares the belief that marketing local products will gain consumer trust. However, environmental efforts are receiving negative views, given the belief that this would affect customer service. Oppewal et al. (2006) found that not all CSR activities are attractive to consumers. They recommended that retailers focus on one activity. Becker-Olsen (2006) found that if

3300-493: A pyramid of responsibilities, namely, economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. While Carroll was not defining CSR, but simply arguing for the classification of activities, Sheehy developed a definition differently following the philosophy of science—the branch of philosophy used for explaining phenomena. Carroll extended corporate social responsibility from the traditional economic and legal responsibility to ethical and philanthropic responsibility in response to

3432-495: A range of reporting guidelines and standards that serve as frameworks for social accounting, auditing, and reporting: Legal requirements for social accounting, auditing, and reporting exist in nations like France. However, international or national agreement on meaningful social and environmental performance measurements has not been achieved. Many companies produce externally audited annual reports that cover Sustainable Development and CSR issues ("Triple Bottom Line Reports"), but

3564-526: A risk of agency costs, a law academic may consider that discretion to be an appropriate expression of what the law demands from directors. In the 1930s, two law professors, A. A. Berle and Merrick Dodd, famously debated how directors should be made to uphold the public interest: Berle believed there had to be legally enforceable rules in favor of labor, customers and the public equal to or ahead of shareholders, while Dodd argued that powers of directors were simply held on trust. Corporate social responsibility

3696-581: A socially responsible company makes safe, high-quality products; for Germans it provides secure employment; in South Africa it makes a positive contribution to social needs such as health care and education. Even within Europe, the discussion about CSR is very heterogeneous. A more common approach to CSR is corporate philanthropy . This includes monetary donations and aid given to nonprofit organizations and communities. Donations are made in areas such as

3828-553: A socially responsible way while making profits (see the detailed review article of Menghwar and Daood, 2021). Considered at the organisational level, CSR is generally understood as a strategic initiative that contributes to a brand's reputation. As such, social responsibility initiatives must coherently align with and be integrated into a business model to be successful. With some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance with regulatory requirements and engages in "actions that appear to further some social good, beyond

3960-518: A step-by-step guide for nonprofits to engage older adults and skilled volunteers, was co-published with the JFFixler Group. VolunteerMatch reached one million volunteer connections on January 9, 2003; two million on March 16, 2005; three million on June 5, 2007; and four million on March 13, 2009. On July 31, 2019, VolunteerMatch celebrated its 14 millionth nonprofit-volunteer connection. In 2009, it helped thousands of Americans participate in

4092-429: A tone that was both nationalist and populist , with suggestions of absolutism and distrust of democracy . The Los Angeles Times described the address as "a truncated version of Trump's campaign rally addresses, absent specific policy and big on a sense of anger at what he defined as a ruling class that has raided America for its own benefit." Historians and speechwriters termed the inaugural address as "one of

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4224-512: A variety of outside markets, an improved reputation, and stakeholder relationships. In all cases (emerging markets vs. developed economies), implementing CSR policies into the daily activities and framework of a company has been shown to allow for a competitive advantage versus other companies, including the creation of a positive image for the company, improved stakeholder relationships, increased employee morale, and attraction of new consumers who are committed to social responsibility. Despite all of

4356-517: Is achieved within and given by communities, which is defined as "a social unit of any size that shares common values, or that is situated in a given geographical area". Lacey suggested that social license can take a long time for a corporation or industry to achieve, but social license can be lost very quickly for a variety of factors, including changes in stakeholder expectations, technology, or other disturbances. Gunningham et al. stated that meeting and exceeding regulations to build reputational capital

4488-427: Is economically vital, saying: "in certain circumstances, [natural resource-based industries] cannot afford to do otherwise". In communities with a diverse economy, achieving social license is often much more complex than in local communities, which depend economically on the natural resource industry. In research undertaken by Ketola et al. , the writers believed that the forest products industry in rural Michigan in

4620-407: Is not directly undertaken by the companies, they become accountable to the stakeholders. These surrounding issues have prompted supply chain management to consider the corporate social responsibility context. Wieland and Handfield (2013) suggested that companies must include social responsibility in their reviews of component quality. They highlighted the use of technology to improve visibility across

4752-568: Is one way to achieve a social license, by enhancing a company's reputation. As stated in Enduring value: the Australian minerals industry framework for sustainable development the concept of the 'social license to operate', then defined simply as obtaining and maintaining broad community support and acceptance. Unless a company earns and maintains that license, social license holders may intend to block project developments; employees may leave

4884-484: Is the process by which several organizations, including suppliers, customers, and logistics providers, work together to provide a value package of products and services to the end-user, who is the customer. Corporate social irresponsibility in the supply chain has greatly affected the reputation of companies, leading to many costs to solve the problems. For instance, incidents like the 2013 Savar building collapse , which killed over 1000 people, pushed companies to consider

5016-514: The 2016 election , a standing ovation. A luncheon at the U.S. Capitol has been part of the inaugural program since 1953 (before that time, the luncheon was usually held at the White House and hosted by the outgoing president and first lady). The menu for the 2017 inaugural luncheon, which in the past has often featured dishes representative of the home states of the new president and vice president, included more traditional dishes from around

5148-462: The CEO or the board of directors . An engagement plan can assist in reaching the desired audience. A corporate social responsibility individual or team plans the goals and objectives of the organization. As with any corporate activity, a defined budget demonstrates commitment and scales the program's relative importance. Social accounting is the communication of social and environmental effects of

5280-621: The National Mall . Overhead imagery and statistics on public transportation ridership from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), which operates Metrorail , are therefore used to estimate crowd sizes. The WMATA reported that 193,000 passengers rode the Metro before 11 a.m. on the day of Trump's inauguration, and 570,557 passengers during the entire day, noting that it

5412-537: The New York Jets . The inaugural committee raised an unprecedented $ 107 million "from wealthy donors who gave $ 1 million or more." This was twice the amount raised by any previous inauguration committee. Observers agree that the actual inauguration expenses would have been a fraction of that amount, and the advocacy group Public Citizen has been seeking to know what happened to the remaining funds. Committee officials said they were evaluating charities to give

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5544-666: The President's Room at the Capitol, and then signed the guest book for the luncheon. Next, Trump signed orders to officially present the nominations for his Cabinet and several sub‑Cabinet officials to the Senate for confirmation . His first bill that he signed into law was a waiver of the National Security Act of 1947 granted to him that allowed the nomination of retired general James Mattis to be nominated for

5676-527: The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery , accompanied by his wife and family. Trump and Pence were escorted by Major General Bradley Becker at the ceremony. The Arlington National Cemetery is the final resting place of more than 400,000, mostly members of the armed forces, Medal of Honor recipients, and high ranking political officials. On the evening of January 19, Trump hosted

5808-470: The United States may have received a social license through the channels that mining corporations initially established and the long history of logging and copper mining in the area continued to shape the attitudes and identities of industry participants to present day. They found that local stakeholders and local industry operators have shared history and experience as having limited power to control

5940-505: The Washington National Cathedral for a national day of prayer, a tradition dating back to the first president, George Washington . Among the parishioners were more than two dozen religious leaders from a variety of different faiths. Marlana VanHoose , a 20-year-old vocalist who was born with cytomegalovirus , performed at the ceremony, singing " How Great Thou Art ". Melania Trump was visibly emotional during

6072-414: The White House press corps . The presentation of a gift was a tradition started by Michelle Obama when she presented George W. Bush and Laura Bush with a gift on the day of her husband's inauguration in 2009. Afterward, they held a tea reception inside the White House, along with Vice President Joe Biden and his wife, Jill Biden , and Mike Pence and his wife, Karen Pence. As per tradition, following

6204-477: The supply chain . Corporate social responsibility includes six types of corporate social initiatives: All six of the corporate initiatives are forms of corporate citizenship. However, only some of these CSR activities rise to the level of cause marketing , defined as "a type of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in which a company's promotional campaign has the dual purpose of increasing profitability while bettering society." Companies generally do not have

6336-576: The "Make America Great Again! Welcome Celebration," a concert for his supporters that were attending his inauguration the following day. The concert, held on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial , featured performances by Lee Greenwood (who performed " God Bless the USA "), Toby Keith , 3 Doors Down , DJ Ravidrums , The Piano Guys , and The Frontmen of Country ( Tim Rushlow , Larry Stewart , and Richie McDonald ). Trump addressed his supporters at

6468-557: The 45th president of the United States , taking the oath of office with Chief Justice John Roberts . Trump was also sworn in using two Bibles, a Bible his mother gifted him and the historic Lincoln Bible . After the swearing-in, the Marine Band performed " Hail to the Chief " and Trump received the traditional 21-gun salute in his honor. President Trump then delivered his 16-minute inaugural address of 1,433 words. The speech

6600-460: The 58th inauguration was coordinated by Joint Task Force National Capital Region , providing musical military units , marching bands , color guards , ushers, firing details, and salute batteries . The 2017 Presidential Inaugural Committee organized several other inauguration-related events at the direction of the president‑elect and vice president–elect of the United States, such as the concerts, parade, balls, and prayer service. The chairman of

6732-619: The Cabinet nominations, and distributed them among the lawmakers and guests that had gathered. The pens are traditionally given as a gift to politicians or individuals touched by the action, or were instrumental in its implementation. Trump also signed a proclamation declaring his inauguration a National Day of Patriotic Devotion. In this he followed Barack Obama, who declared his a National Day of Renewal and Reconciliation, and previous declarations of periods of patriotism by such former presidents as Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan . Trump

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6864-543: The East Front of the U.S. Capitol before beginning the parade. The inaugural parade route ran along Pennsylvania Avenue ,  NW from the U.S. Capitol, ending at the north face of the White House. During most of the parade, President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump traveled in the armored limousine used by the president because of potential security threats. The president and first lady exited their limousine twice, walking on Pennsylvania Avenue for portions of

6996-583: The Hungarian Association for Environmentally Aware Management (KÖVET) refers to "Deep CSR" and the role of a "Truly Responsible Enterprise". Gergely's definition of "Deep CSR" is the behaviour displayed by a "Truly Responsible Enterprise" (TRE), which: The five principles of the TRE are: In competitive markets, the cost-benefit analysis of CSR initiatives can be examined using a resource-based view (RBV). According to Barney (1990), "formulation of

7128-859: The Joint Congressional Inauguration Committee. Each branch of the United States military was also represented. Vice President Mike Pence invited several groups from Indiana to march in the parade in the Indiana section, including the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department Drill Team, the Culver Military Academy , and the Columbus North High School marching band from Pence's native Columbus, Indiana . Shortly after

7260-526: The Obamas at the base of the helicopter that would transport them to Joint Base Andrews , and then returned to the steps of the Capitol building where they waved as the Obamas' helicopter took off. Meanwhile, the Bidens took a limousine to Union Station where they boarded a train for Wilmington, Delaware . Before the luncheon and in keeping with tradition, President Trump signed his first presidential orders in

7392-1066: The People" public concert was held at the Lincoln Memorial. The concert featured The King's Academy (West Palm Beach, Florida) Honor Choir, the Republican Hindu Coalition, the Montgomery Area High School Marching Band, Marlana VanHoose , the Maury NJROTC Color Guard, the Pride of Madawaska, Webelos Troop 177, the Northern Middle School Honors Choir, the American Tap Company, the Everett High School Viking Marching Band,

7524-806: The RBV, sustainable competitive advantage requires that resources be valuable (V), rare (R), inimitable (I) and non-substitutable (S)". A firm introducing a CSR-based strategy might only sustain high returns on their investment if their CSR-based strategy could not be copied (I). However, should competitors imitate such a strategy that might increase overall social benefits? Firms that choose CSR for strategic financial gain are also acting responsibly. RBV presumes that firms are bundles of heterogeneous resources and capabilities that are imperfectly mobile across firms. This imperfect mobility can produce competitive advantages for firms that acquire immobile resources. McWilliams and Siegel (2001) examined CSR activities and attributes as

7656-541: The Red Cross volunteer opportunity search system. In 2005, the organization launched an initiative to promote older adult skilled volunteering. With initial funding from The Atlantic Philanthropies , it conducted research in 2006 that was published the following year as a report, Great Expectations: Boomers and the Future of Volunteering . On June 27, 2008, Boomer Volunteer Engagement: Collaborate Today, Thrive Tomorrow ,

7788-564: The TwirlTasTix Baton Twirling group, and three bagpipe groups. After returning home to New York City, Trump returned to Washington, D.C., on Thursday, January 19, arriving at Joint Base Andrews on a plane flown by the U.S. Air Force. Trump and Vice President–elect Pence attended a luncheon at Trump's hotel at the Old Post Office Pavilion , and afterwards, the official wreath laying ceremony at

7920-550: The U.S. Capitol before traveling from there to the presidential reviewing stand at the White House to watch the parade. The Trumps and Pences joined several congressional guests for the inaugural luncheon in National Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol. Guests included top Washington lawmakers as well as former presidents and vice presidents. During his formal address at the lunch, Trump asked those in attendance to give Hillary Clinton , one of his opponents during

8052-528: The United States in decline "did not always match reality." The fact-checking organizations noted, among other things, that the U.S. violent crime rate was far below its 1991 peak; that the U.S. economy had gained jobs for 75 consecutive months and that unemployment was significantly below its historical average; and participation in U.S. welfare programs had declined. In the speech, Trump repeated his campaign-trail " America First " slogan in reference to economic and foreign policy issues. Trump's use of

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8184-736: The Vice-Presidential swearing-in. At 11:54 a.m., Associate Justice Clarence Thomas swore in Mike Pence as the 48th vice president of the United States , with Pence's hand on his personal Bible as well as the Bible of Ronald Reagan , the politician who inspired Pence to join the Republican Party . A performance of " America the Beautiful " by The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square followed. At noon, Trump became

8316-464: The World." On September 14, 2017, UnitedHealthcare and VolunteerMatch released a follow-up to their original study, which revealed that 75 percent of U.S. adults feel physically healthier by volunteering. January 24, 2017, four days after President Donald Trump's inauguration , marked the busiest day in the websites 20-year history. From January 20 to February 2, 2017, VolunteerMatch.org welcome over half

8448-862: The answers are unclear. The most direct benefit is reducing the likelihood of "dirty hands", fines, and damaged reputations for breaching laws or moral norms. Organizations see increased employee loyalty and pride in the organization. Common CSR actions include: The term "social license" was introduced in 1997 and has since been applied in multiple resource extraction industries to describe changes in company-community interactions. This use of social license has included an understanding of how acceptance levels impact resource development operations within these industries. Gunningham et al. state corporations comply with their social license by operating within societal expectations and avoiding activities (or influential elements within them) considered unacceptable, and define social license it as "the demands on and expectations for

8580-436: The arts, education, housing, health, social welfare, and the environment, among others, but excluding political contributions and commercial event sponsorship. Another approach to CSR is to incorporate the CSR strategy directly into operations, such as procurement of Fair Trade tea and coffee. Creating shared value , or CSV, is based on the idea that corporate success and social welfare are interdependent. A business needs

8712-630: The ball, Trump and his wife, Melania, addressed the crowd of gathered service members, and then spoke via satellite with active duty soldiers in Bagram Airfield , Afghanistan . Trump thanked the active duty soldiers for the congratulations on his inauguration as Commander-in-chief . Tony Orlando and the Josh Weathers Band performed at the Armed Services Ball. It is tradition for the president and first lady, and

8844-425: The benedictions. Jackie Evancho concluded the ceremony with a performance of the U.S. national anthem . After the inaugural ceremony, President Trump, First Lady Melania Trump, Vice President Mike Pence and Second Lady Karen Pence escorted former president Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama to a departure ceremony on the east side of the U.S. Capitol. The Trumps exchanged remarks and bid farewell to

8976-533: The benefits, it is important to note that several drawbacks exist, including possible accusations of hypocrisy, the difficulty of measuring the social impact of CSR policies, and oftentimes placing companies at a disadvantage against competitors when prioritizing CSR ahead of advancing a company's R&D. A large body of literature urges businesses to adopt non-financial measures of success (e.g., Deming 's Fourteen Points, balanced scorecards ). While CSR benefits are hard to quantify, Orlitzky, Schmidt and Rynes found

9108-607: The call to service has been strong. VolunteerMatch, a group that matches volunteers to charities on the USA Freedom Corps web page, reports that referrals have increased by more than 70 percent over last year." In GIVING: How Each of Us Can Change the World , President Bill Clinton cited VolunteerMatch as a resource for "Giving Time." And in a January 1, 2008 platform statement on service and volunteering, President Barack Obama wrote, "Technology can help. Existing sites like USAFreedomCorps.gov and VolunteerMatch.org represent

9240-545: The categories of Services and Activism. In 2008 it was voted "Best .Org Web Site" at the annual People's Choice Awards during the Nonprofit Technology Conference in New Orleans. VolunteerMatch.org has been cited by three U.S. Presidents as a useful resource for civic engagement. During an August 31, 2002 radio address eight months after the 9/11 attacks, George W. Bush said, "The response to

9372-487: The church service the morning of their inauguration. The service was led by Robert Jeffress , a Southern Baptist minister who campaigned for Trump during the election. After the church service, Trump and his wife went to the White House to meet with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama . The Obamas greeted the Trumps, and Melania presented the couple with a gift. They then posed for photos in front of

9504-585: The committee was Thomas J. Barrack Jr. , a real estate investor and longtime Trump friend and ally, and the founder of Colony Capital . The co-chairs of the committee were Lewis M. Eisenberg and Roy Bailey. Committee members included casino magnates Sheldon Adelson and Miriam Adelson , Steve Wynn , and Phil Ruffin , oil and gas entrepreneur Harold Hamm , businesswoman and film producer Diane Hendricks , coal businessman and philanthropist Joe Craft , Gail Icahn (wife of Carl Icahn ), Dallasites Ray Washburne, Gentry Beach, Roy Bailey, and Woody Johnson , owner of

9636-718: The companies is to obtain and maintain the Social License to Operate. Based on the Requisite Organization , to achieve this goal, a company needs to: A positive relationship has been shown to exist between CSR and a firm's corporate financial performance. However, results from these analyses may need to be examined under different lenses for emerging and developed economies, especially since firms based in emerging economies oftentimes have weak firm-level governance. For companies operating in emerging markets, engaging in CSR practices enables widespread reach into

9768-407: The company as the social contract the company has with the social license holders (employees, trade unions, communities, government) for them to manifest positive intention to support the business short- and long-term objectives by "providing managerial leadership that nurtures the social good and also gives the foundation for sustainable growth in organizational results." The primary objective for

9900-459: The company for a company that is a better corporate citizen: and companies may be under ongoing legal challenge. Issues related to the government's measurement of corporations' social license include its role in licensure processes, the penalties for non-compliance, or the community's ability to halt a project if a corporation is not responsive to their concerns, are still subject to global concern. Regardless of government involvement, social license

10032-545: The company to make a positive impact on the environment and stakeholders including consumers, employees, investors, communities, and others. From an ethical perspective, some businesses will adopt CSR policies and practices because of the ethical beliefs of senior management: for example, the CEO of outdoor-apparel company Patagonia, Inc. argues that harming the environment is ethically objectionable. Proponents argue that corporations increase long-term profits by operating with

10164-550: The context of theories of globalization , neoliberalism , and late capitalism . Since the 1960s, corporate social responsibility has attracted attention from a range of businesses, academics and stakeholders and been referred to by a number of other terms, including "corporate sustainability", "sustainable business", "corporate conscience", "corporate citizenship", "purpose", "social impact", "conscious capitalism ", and "responsible business". A wide variety of definitions have been developed, but with little consensus. Part of

10296-450: The country. The first course consisted of Maine lobster and Gulf shrimp with saffron sauce and peanut crumble, accompanied by a J. Lohr 2013 Arroyo Vista Chardonnay . The second dish contained Seven Hills Angus beef in dark chocolate and juniper jus with potato gratin, served with a Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon , and dessert included a chocolate soufflé and cherry vanilla ice cream with Korbel California champagne . Since 1985,

10428-407: The crowd "was the largest audience ever to witness an inauguration, period, both in person and around the globe", and accused the media of reporting false crowd estimates to "lessen the enthusiasm of the inauguration". Spicer also stated that 420,000 people rode the Metro on the day of Trump's inauguration, and that only 317,000 rode on the day of Obama's. In fact, 570,557 Metro trips were taken on

10560-449: The definition problem has arisen because of the different interests represented. A business person may define CSR as a business strategy, an NGO activist may see it as ' greenwash ' while a government official may see it as voluntary regulation. "In addition, disagreement about the definition will arise from the disciplinary approach." For example, while an economist might consider the director's discretion necessary for CSR to be implemented

10692-428: The development of appropriate measures and reporting techniques." Modern CSR has a wide range of different standards, frameworks and metrics for reporting and disclosing the social, environmental and economic issues. However, there is no single, fixed standard and the complex, dynamic and contextual nature of CSR means different companies and stakeholders adopt different approaches depending on their needs. There are

10824-455: The employed resources." Businesses have changed when the public came to expect and require different behavior [...] I predict that in the future, just as in the past, changes in public attitudes will be essential for changes in businesses' environmental practices. Most consumers agree that while achieving business targets, companies should engage in CSR efforts at the same time. Most consumers believe companies doing charity work will receive

10956-418: The end of the festivities, saying that the "forgotten man and the forgotten woman will not be forgotten anymore". Actor Jon Voight also spoke at the event, stating, "We have been witness to a barrage of propaganda that left us all breathless with anticipation, not knowing if God could reverse all the negative lies against Mr. Trump, whose only desire was to make America great again." The concert concluded with

11088-563: The environment, and how others perceive competitor CSR strategy. Meehan, Meehan and Richard developed a model known as the 3C-SR model, published in a frequently cited article in 2006, which aimed to offer "a new strategic approach to corporate responsibility". Their model sought to fill the gap between corporate social responsibility definitions and strategy, which the authors perceived to be an issue, and to provide guidance to managers on connecting businesses with ethically-aware consumers. An approach described by Tóth Gergely and published by

11220-437: The estimated 1.1 million to 1.8 million people that attended Obama's 2009 inauguration – which set a record for the total number of people in the National Mall at any one given time, and which marked the inauguration of the nation's first African American president. CNN provided a gigapixel panorama of the area. In a press conference on January 21, Sean Spicer , Trump's White House press secretary , stated that

11352-475: The event out of 500 total guests. During his speech to the group, Trump praised his choices thus far for Cabinet positions as well as his choice of Pence as his vice president. According to The Boston Globe and the Associated Press , the menu included mustard black cod and filet mignon as entrees, and baked Alaska for dessert. On the morning and afternoon of January 19, a day-long "Voices of

11484-504: The first September 11 National Day of Service and Remembrance. As part of National Volunteer Week on April 16, 2010, UnitedHealthcare and VolunteerMatch released research on the health benefits of volunteering. On June 8, 2010, Ben & Jerry's released two ice cream flavors—Berry Voluntary and Brownie Chew Gooder—to promote Scoop It Forward, a partnership with Target and Ben & Jerry's aimed at encouraging consumers to volunteer at education-related nonprofits. December 31, 2010 marked

11616-835: The first time that mission-related revenue covered 100 percent of VolunteerMatch's annual costs. In September 2011, it listed 71,652 active volunteer opportunities from over 79,920 nonprofit organizations. The organization announced it had generated seven million volunteer connections on July 11, 2013, in a press release announcement about its recommendations engine, the first ever for volunteer engagement. On June 16, 2014, VolunteerMatch partnered with LinkedIn to make it dramatically easier for nonprofits to tap into skilled and pro bono volunteer talent from LinkedIn's 300 million members. In 2015, VolunteerMatch brought together 35 experts in volunteer engagement to curate an insightful collection of actionable advice on strengthening volunteer programs called "Volunteer Engagement 2.0: Ideas and Insights Changing

11748-495: The formal culmination of the presidential transition of Donald Trump that began when he won the U.S. presidential election on November 9, 2016 , and became the president-elect . Trump and his running mate, Mike Pence, were formally elected by the Electoral College on December 19, 2016. The victory was certified by an electoral vote tally by a joint session of Congress on January 6, 2017. The inauguration

11880-471: The gathering. The event was held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium . Rex Tillerson , Trump's choice to succeed John Kerry as secretary of state, was in attendance, as well as former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani and National Security Advisor -designate Michael T. Flynn , and Israeli ambassador Ron Dermer , according to reporters in attendance at the event. More than 200 foreign diplomats attended

12012-415: The identifiable behaviour of individual businesses risks not including what he calls " unincorporated market behaviour" within the scope of CSR - actions attributable to market processes, and also calls for other factors including "brand citizenship" and "illegitimate, informal or illegal activity" to be considered as part of a more complete picture. The term "brand citizenship" has been put forward because

12144-495: The impacts of their operations on society and the environment. On the other hand, the horsemeat scandal of 2013 in Europe affected many food retailers, including Tesco, the largest retailer in the United Kingdom, leading to the dismissal of the supplier. Corporate social irresponsibility from suppliers and retailers has greatly affected the stakeholders who lost trust in the affected business entities. Although sometimes it

12276-754: The inaugural balls, the Presidential Inauguration Committee announced that they intended to make the inaugural balls the most affordable in recent history, offering $ 50 tickets to either the Liberty or Freedom Balls. The second ball that the Trumps attended was the Freedom Ball, also held at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center, and also featured a first dance to "My Way", as with the Liberty Ball. The third ball that

12408-419: The inauguration, including Hillary Clinton , who had been Trump's main opponent in the general election (Clinton was attending as a former First Lady , not as the losing candidate ). Former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush did not attend the inauguration due to their health issues. Roy Blunt commenced the inauguration ceremony at 11:41 a.m. with welcoming remarks about

12540-520: The interests of the firm and that which is required by law". Furthermore, businesses may engage in CSR for strategic or ethical purposes. From a strategic perspective, CSR can contribute to firm profits, particularly if brands voluntarily self-report both the positive and negative outcomes of their endeavors. In part, these benefits accrue by increasing positive public relations and high ethical standards to reduce business and legal risk by taking responsibility for corporate actions. CSR strategies encourage

12672-438: The larger economic forces acting upon them. Local actors are more likely to have values similar to those of stakeholders, have established some history in the area, and have had the time to develop meaningful relationships within the community. This shared experience shaped the process of acquiring a social license. Nonlocal actors are likely to experience a much lesser degree of social license than local actors. Furthermore, many of

12804-511: The meeting between the president and the president-elect, they shared the presidential motorcade limousine , and made their way to the Capitol for the inaugural ceremony. Outgoing President Barack Obama , outgoing Vice President Joe Biden (who later defeated Trump in 2020 and was inaugurated as the 46th president in 2021 ), former Presidents Jimmy Carter , Bill Clinton , and George W. Bush , and former vice presidents Dan Quayle and Dick Cheney , along with their respective wives, attended

12936-653: The most ominous" in U.S. history, striking an unusually dark and bleak note. Former U.S President George W. Bush reportedly referred to the speech as "some weird shit" after the ceremony concluded. Trump pledged to end what he referred to as "American carnage," depicting the United States in a dystopian light—as a "land of abandoned factories, economic angst, rising crime"—while pledging "a new era in American politics." Fact-checking organizations, such as FactCheck.org , PolitiFact , and The Washington Post ' s Fact Checker claimed that Trump's portrayal of

13068-568: The nation's "commonplace and miraculous" tradition of a peaceful transition of power. Courtney Williams, Senior Chief Musician and concert moderator for the U.S. Navy Concert Band , returned as the platform announcer for his 3rd consecutive inauguration. Three religious figures delivered invocations , followed by the Missouri State University chorale performing an original work, "Now We Belong". After short remarks, Chuck Schumer ended his speech by asking everyone to stand for

13200-434: The opportunities for competitive advantage from building a social value proposition into corporate strategy. CSV gives the impression that only two stakeholders are essential – shareholders and consumers. Many companies employ benchmarking to assess their CSR policy, implementation, and effectiveness. Benchmarking involves reviewing competitor initiatives, measuring and evaluating the impact those policies have on society and

13332-614: The organization is called Impact Online, Inc., dba VolunteerMatch. Its early growth was fueled by attention from the mainstream media (particularly around the topic of virtual volunteering ) and its success in competitions sponsored by industry and academic institutions. In 1998, it was a final selection for inclusion in the Smithsonian Institution Permanent Research Collection and was featured in an article in USA Today . In 1999, it

13464-480: The parade, a longstanding custom. Vice President Pence and his wife Karen walked the parade route at several points with their children as well. The parade lasted approximately two hours during the afternoon and early evening following the inaugural ceremony. Parade participants included more than 8,000 people, "representing forty organizations including high school and university marching bands, equestrian corps, first responders, and veterans groups," according to

13596-535: The parade, Trump went to the Oval Office to sign his first executive orders as president, including an order to start the process of dismantling the Affordable Care Act . President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump attended three official inaugural balls during the evening of January 20, 2017, titled "Liberty and Freedom: The Official Presidential Inaugural Balls." Donald Trump wore

13728-679: The past 100 years that troubled veteran foreign policy experts." Nevertheless, Trump's themes on foreign policy appealed "to many Americans as well as to critics of Washington's bipartisan foreign policy establishment." Three religious leaders delivered benedictions following Trump's speech, bringing the total number of prayers during the ceremony to six, a record number. Reverend Franklin Graham ; Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan , Archbishop of New York ; Reverend Dr. Samuel Rodriguez ; Pastor Paula White ; Rabbi Marvin Hier ; and Bishop Wayne T. Jackson gave

13860-658: The performance, and led a standing ovation for her after she finished performing. The service began with call to prayer by the Reverend Rosemarie Duncan, Mikhail Manevich, a Jewish cantor , and Mohamed Magid, a Muslim imam. The clergy spoke of both compassion and diversity. Before the event, federal and local agencies had prepared for turnout of between 700,000 and 900,000 people. Trump predicted that there would be "an unbelievable, perhaps record-setting turnout" at his inauguration. The National Park Service does not publish crowd estimates about events at

13992-520: The phrase was controversial because of the slogan's association with U.S. isolationists who had opposed American entry in World War II . Trump's decision "not to make a strong case for the role of American power in shaping the outside world was a departure from the inaugural addresses of recent Republican presidents from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush," and represented "a sharp break with the internationalist vision of nearly every U.S. president of

14124-428: The position of United States secretary of defense . The National Security Act of 1947 requires a seven-year waiting period before retired military personnel can assume the role of Secretary of Defense. Mattis became only the second secretary of defense to receive such a waiver, following George Marshall , who served under President Harry S. Truman . Following in tradition, Trump used various commemorative pens to sign

14256-575: The president and first lady attended was the Salute To Our Armed Services Ball, which took place at the National Building Museum . The ball was by invitation only, with free tickets being provided to "active duty and reserve military, Medal of Honor recipients, wounded warriors, military families, veterans, and first responders," according to the Presidential Inauguration Committee. At the beginning of

14388-691: The program after further consideration. The swearing-in ceremony and the inaugural luncheon for President-elect Trump and Vice President–elect Pence were planned by the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, a committee composed of Sen. Roy Blunt of Missouri, the committee chair, and Senate party leaders Sen. Mitch McConnell Kentucky and Chuck Schumer of New York, and House speaker Paul Ryan of Wisconsin, and House party leaders Rep. Kevin McCarthy of California and Rep. Nancy Pelosi of California. The committee

14520-661: The public ceremony held on Friday, January 20, 2017, at the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event was the 58th presidential inauguration. Held in Washington, D.C., from January 17 to 21, 2017, inaugural events included concerts, the swearing-in ceremony, a congressional luncheon , parade , inaugural balls , and the interfaith inaugural prayer service . The inauguration

14652-480: The public perception of an organisation may be associated with its branding rather than its corporate identity: McIntosh uses Virgin as an example. Similarly, Anne Bahr Thompson uses the same term and observes that companies adopting socially responsible behaviours are primarily investing in their reputations . In the 21st century, corporate social responsibility in the supply chain has attracted attention from businesses and stakeholders. A corporation's supply chain

14784-477: The remaining funds to. In September 2017, the committee said it had given $ 3 million to three separate hurricane rescue organizations. An unspecified amount had also been used for redecorating the White House and Vice President Mike Pence's Washington residence. Thomas Barrack, the committee chair, said that further information about charitable donations would be released in November 2017, but no such announcement

14916-694: The reports vary widely in format, style, and evaluation methodology (even within the same industry). Critics dismiss these reports as lip service, citing examples such as Enron 's yearly "Corporate Responsibility Annual Report" and tobacco companies' social reports. In South Africa, as of June 2010, all companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) were required to produce an integrated report in place of an annual financial report and sustainability report. An integrated report reviews environmental, social, and economic performance alongside financial performance. This requirement

15048-516: The researchers conducted a regression analysis and preceded the analysis with the provision of several measures that they utilized to serve as proxies for key financial performance indicators (i.e. return on assets serves as a proxy for profitability). Initially, CSR emphasized the official behaviour of individual firms. Later, it expanded to include supplier behaviour, the uses to which products were put, and how articles were disposed of after they lost value. Malcolm McIntosh notes also that focussing on

15180-899: The resources affected by forest management are held in the public trust, so it is essential for both industry actors and community stakeholders to feel engaged and involved in decisions regarding local natural resource management. Baines and Edwards shared similar findings in New Zealand's aquaculture sector regarding the importance of relationships and communication between industry and local stakeholders. They find that social license depends on relationships and building trust. Smaller, local companies tend towards relationships that are relational as opposed to transactional, possibly due to their ongoing community presences and communication abilities, which are better for fostering these relationships and trust building. In research of Requisite Organization , Elliott Jaques defines Social License to Operate for

15312-639: The rising concerns on ethical issues in businesses. A review of 14,523 articles found that stakeholder perspective is the most prevalent dimension of corporate social responsibility. This view is reflected in the Business Dictionary that defines CSR as "a company's sense of responsibility towards the community and environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates. Companies express this citizenship (1) through their waste and pollution reduction processes, (2) by contributing educational and social programs, and (3) by earning adequate returns on

15444-615: The social initiative done by the company is not aligned with other company goals it will have a negative impact. Mohr et al. (2001) and Groza et al. (2011) also emphasise the importance of reaching the consumer. Some commentators have identified a difference between the Canadian (Montreal school of CSR), the Continental European , and the Anglo-Saxon approaches to CSR. It has been described that for Chinese consumers

15576-739: The staging of several events. The committee reported nearly $ 15 million in administrative expenses, including $ 9.4 million for travel and $ 4.6 million for salaries and benefits for 208 employees. The committee spent more than $ 1.5 million at the Trump International Hotel. Ivanka Trump helped negotiate a rate of $ 175,000 per day for the committee's use of the hotel's Presidential Ballroom and meeting rooms after Gates and Wolkoff complained that Trump International Hotel managing director Mickael Damelincourt attempted to charge them above-market rates. On Tuesday, January 17, then-President-elect Trump arrived in Washington, D.C., to attend what

15708-476: The vice president and second lady, to dance with military service members during the Armed Services Ball. Sgt. Angel Rodriguez, who danced with Second Lady Karen Pence, drew attention for his dancing style, spinning the Second Lady, which provoked playful laughter from Tiffany and Eric Trump. On January 21, President Trump, First Lady Melania Trump, Vice President Pence and Second Lady Karen Pence gathered at

15840-540: The web's largest volunteer engagement network facilitated its 14 millionth nonprofit-volunteer connection. The organization relies, in part, on donations to fund its services. Inspired by the potential of the web and the success of NetDay , VolunteerMatch.org was launched on April 25, 1998, as a merger between Impact Online, Inc. (a California nonprofit organization started by MBAs Mark Benning, Joanne Ernst, Steve Glikbarg, and Cindy Shove) and Volunteer America (a project co-founded by Jay Backstrand and Craig Jacoby). Today

15972-507: Was protested worldwide. Administered by Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts , the presidential oath was taken by Trump as his first task after becoming president, in keeping with Article Two, Section 1, Clause 8 and the 20th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, with the vice presidential oath taken by Pence and administered by Associate Justice Clarence Thomas immediately preceding it. Trump

16104-725: Was accompanied at the signing ceremony by his wife, and children, and several of his grandchildren, as well as the chairs of the Joint Congressional Inauguration Committee, including senators Roy Blunt, Mitch McConnell and Chuck Schumer, and Congressional leaders Paul Ryan, Kevin McCarthy and Nancy Pelosi. During the ceremony, the lawmakers joked with President Trump, he handed pens to participants (e.g. Elaine Chao 's nomination pen to Nancy Pelosi , Trump stating, because "they were both women") and then traded pens in an offer to give, not as an ask to receive ( Nancy Pelosi gave Elaine Chao's nomination pen to Chao's husband, Mitch McConnell ). The Trumps and Pences then attended an inaugural luncheon at

16236-459: Was defined by Sheehy as "international private business self-regulation". Sheehy examined a range of different disciplinary approaches to defining CSR. The definitions reviewed included the economic definition of "sacrificing profits", a management definition of "beyond compliance", institutionalist views of CSR as a "socio-political movement," and the law's focus on directors' duties. Further, Sheehy considered Archie B. Carroll's description of CSR as

16368-557: Was implemented in the absence of formal or legal standards. An Integrated Reporting Committee (IRC) was established to issue guidelines for good practice. One of the reputable institutions that capital markets turn to for credible sustainability reports is the Carbon Disclosure Project , or CDP. Consumers of goods and services should verify corporate social responsibility and the results of reports and efforts. The accounting, auditing, and reporting resources provide

16500-496: Was lower than the average weekday ridership of 639,000 passengers. USA Today reported on a "notable number" of empty seats along the parade route. Crowd counting experts cited by The New York Times estimated that about 160,000 people were in the National Mall areas in the hour leading up to Trump's speech. Crowd science professor Keith Still estimated the total attendance at 300,000 to 600,000 people, or one-third

16632-660: Was made. The inauguration committee reported having $ 2.8 million in the bank as of October 2017 . According to a tax filing released on February 15, 2018, the committee donated $ 5 million to charity in 2017 – namely, the previously announced donations to hurricane relief, the White House Historical Association, and the Vice President's Residence Foundation. The majority of the committee's outlay – $ 57 million – went to four event-planning companies. The largest amount, $ 26 million, went to

16764-577: Was overseen by the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration . The Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies chose the inaugural theme "Uniquely American" to highlight the inaugural ceremony as "a uniquely American expression of our Constitutional system" and stress the peaceful transition of power . The Inauguration Committee released the full schedule of the January 20 inaugural events on December 21, 2016. Military support to

16896-533: Was planned primarily by two committees: the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies and the 2017 Presidential Inaugural Committee. The election was scheduled for November 8, 2016, but the congressional committee began construction of the inaugural platform on September 21. A number of artists who were approached to perform refused, including Jennifer Holliday , who was originally intended to perform, but withdrew herself from

17028-558: Was promoted by Oprah Winfrey on her show. The organization's growth has also been spurred by an increased interest in disaster-related volunteering and service following natural and man-made disasters, including the September 11 attacks , Hurricane Katrina , and the 2010 Haiti earthquake . Following Hurricane Katrina, it began a partnership with the American Red Cross to integrate VolunteerMatch's Business Solutions with

17160-465: Was sworn in with his left hand on a pair of Bibles: his personal copy and the Lincoln Bible . At 70 years, 220 days of age on Inauguration Day, Trump was the oldest person to assume the presidency. Four years later, in 2021 , he was surpassed by Joe Biden at 78 years, 61 days, and four years later by himself again at 78 years, 220 days. The inauguration marked

17292-495: Was the shortest inaugural address since Jimmy Carter 's in 1977 . In late December 2016, Trump told visitors that he was writing the first draft of his inaugural address, citing previous inauguration speeches by John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan as inspirations. Trump "insisted publicly that he wrote his own speech," although The Wall Street Journal and others reported that it had been written by Trump senior aides Stephen Miller and Steve Bannon . The speech struck

17424-419: Was titled the "Chairman's Global Dinner," a high-profile dinner that was intended to serve as an introduction between foreign diplomats and the incoming Trump administration officials and appointees. The dinner was black tie and invitation-only, and was described by The Wall Street Journal as the most high-profile event preceding the inauguration, with both Trump and Vice President-elect Mike Pence addressing

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