In the context of video game design , a tutorial is any tool that teaches player or non-player characters the rules, control interface, and mechanics of the game. Some tutorials are integrated into the game, while others are completely separate and optional. Games can have both of these at once, offering a basic mandatory tutorial and optional advanced training. Tutorials have become increasingly common due to the decline of printed video game manuals as a result of cost cutting and digital distribution . Tutorials can be important since they are a player's first impression of a game, and an overly tedious tutorial or one that does not allow for player freedom can negatively affect their view of a game. However, the lack of a tutorial can also harm a game by causing the player to become frustrated, since they cannot figure out essential game mechanics.
51-696: Vault-Tec Corporation , otherwise known as Vault-Tec and sometimes called Vault-Tec Industries , is a fictional defense megacorporation from the post-apocalyptic Fallout franchise. Throughout the United States, Vault-Tec created government-funded vaults , large fallout shelters that would serve to shelter civilians and allow for the continuation of human life in the threat of a nuclear attack . Within most of these Overseer -governed vaults, Vault-Tec carried out human experiments on its residents without their consent or knowledge, ranging from being mostly harmless to disturbing and inhumane. Vault-Tec
102-804: A collector's edition version of the game was released, which included a Vault-Tec lunch box. In 2019, a limited edition Vault-Tec themed computer case was released by NZXT , with a limited quantity of 1,000 units. The following year, Bethesda partnered with gaming chair company Noblechairs to release a Vault-Tec edition chair. Following the release of the 2024 Fallout series, Arizona Beverage Company released Fallout and Vault-Tec themed ice tea energy drinks. Gunnar Optiks also released Vault 33-themed eyeglasses. Vault-Tec has been placed in several top-ranking lists for evil corporations within video games, including by The Guardian , GamesRadar+ , PC Gamer , and TheGamer . Sarah Milner of Polygon described Vault-Tec as having "little interest in saving
153-565: A cyanide pill which he described as "the most humane product that Vault-Tec ever made." It becomes later revealed in the show that Vault-Tec, led by representative Barb Howard (Frances Turner), was proposing dropping nuclear bombs throughout the United States to initiate a nuclear war, allowing themselves to be the only ones left thanks to the Vaults. High-ranking employees of the corporation, including Hank, were cryogenically frozen inside of Vault 31, as discovered by Norm MacLean ( Moisés Arias ). It
204-602: A propaganda game against China . Vault-Tec created V.A.T.S. , or the Vault-Tec Assisted Targeting System, a special combat system introduced in Fallout 3 and featured throughout the series. The combat system allows for the player to target the specific limb of an enemy based on chance. Fallout 76 features technology created by Vault-Tec such as portable C.A.M.P.S., and G.E.C.K. (Garden of Eden Creation Kit) devices. Vault-Tec's identity
255-495: A wearable computer by RobCo Industries, was initially made for pre-war and vault-living use, with many of the device's settings used for inhabitants of Vault-Tec's vaults due to the Pip-Boy being issued to each dweller. The Pip-Boy's useful functionalities have also allowed for it to be used in the wasteland. Fallout 4 features two games created by Vault-Tec that are playable on a Pip-Boy, one of which, titled Red Menace , being
306-889: A corrupt, unscrupulous corporation with themes of unfettered capitalism . Vault-Tec created vaults throughout the United States with the help of government funding . These vaults served as large fallout shelters used to house civilians and allow for human life to continue in the potentiality of the U.S. being in immediate threat of a nuclear attack . These vaults were Overseer -governed, with Vault-Tec carrying out human experiments on its residents without their consent or knowledge, which ranged from being mostly harmless to inhumane and disturbing. In total, Vault-Tec created 122 vaults, 17 of which were "control vaults," or vaults not made for human experimenting purposes. Vault-Tec made revenue through selling reserved spots in these vaults. In order to market themselves, Vault-Tec made various products such as lunchboxes and bobbleheads . The Pip-Boy ,
357-459: A network of organizations, facilities, and resources to produce weapons and equipment for their military forces (and sometimes those of other countries). This is often referred to as a defense industrial base . Entities involved in arms production for military purposes vary widely, and include private sector commercial firms , state-owned enterprises and public sector organizations, and scientific and academic institutions. Such entities perform
408-413: A player needs as they begin a game. A common tutorial design is to provide instructions where a mechanic might be used, such as when the player gains a new item or ability. In several The Legend of Zelda games, the player has a fairy companion who provides tutorials and hints at key moments. In games like Stellaris , tutorials take the form of elaborate tooltips, as well as occasional quests to nudge
459-666: A shipyard at Elswick to specialize in warship production – at the time, it was the only factory in the world that could build a battleship and arm it completely. The factory produced warships for foreign naval forces, including the Imperial Japanese Navy . Several Armstrong cruisers played an important role in defeating the Russian fleet at the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. In the American Civil War in 1861
510-703: A simulation vault for training purposes. Some of Vault-Tec's buildings and structures have been featured throughout the series. The Vault-Tec Headquarters is a landmark featured in Fallout 3 , which takes place in Washington, D.C. , and the Vault-Tec Regional HQ, Vault-Tec's headquarters in Boston , is a landmark in Fallout 4 . Additionally, "Among the Stars" is a Vault-Tec amusement park attraction in
561-485: A source of comedy or parody . Examples include Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon , in which the main character demonstrates his annoyance at being forced to undergo a tutorial. Another example is in Undertale in which the tutorial character Toriel is named after tutorials and is shown to be literally holding the protagonist's hand the way a tutorial would. Some critics believe that a good tutorial should necessarily allow
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#1732793644580612-455: A variety of customers, including the armed forces of states and civilian individuals and organizations. Products of the arms industry include weapons , munitions , weapons platforms , communications systems , and other electronics, and related equipment. The arms industry also provides defense-related services, such as logistical and operational support. As a matter of policy, many governments of industrialized countries maintain or support
663-522: A wide variety of functions, including research and development , engineering , production, and servicing of military material, equipment, and facilities. The weapons they produce are often made, maintained, and stored in arsenals. In 2024, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) estimated global military expenditure at $ 2.443 trillion, the highest level ever recorded by SIPRI and
714-401: Is a pre-war defense megacorporation responsible for creating the vaults featured throughout the Fallout series. Their purpose of conducting human experiments on its residents began as an idea by Fallout co-creator Tim Cain following the 1997 release of the first Fallout game. Despite its slogan "revolutionizing safety for an uncertain future," Vault-Tec is consistently portrayed as
765-462: Is also a large global market in second-hand naval vessels, generally purchased by developing countries from Western governments. The cybersecurity industry is expected to be of increasing importance to defense, intelligence, and homeland security agencies. According to research institute SIPRI , the volume of international transfers of major weapons in 2010–14 was 16 percent higher than in 2005–2009. The five biggest exporters in 2010–2014 were
816-484: Is also revealed that Hank dropped a nuclear bomb on the NCR's headquarters, Shady Sands, following the NCR's rise in political power over California . The show featured an easter egg by providing a Vault-Tec phone number through an in-show advertisement casting actor and Vault-Tec spokesman Cooper Howard ( Walton Goggins ), which viewers could actually contact. In 2008, as part of a marketing campaign for Fallout 3 ,
867-471: Is highly represented by Vault Boy , the corporation mascot. The first of Vault-Tec's creations appeared in the first Fallout game, where the player originates from Vault 13, one of many created by Vault-Tec. Although Vault-Tec's concept of conducting human experiments was not yet developed, Vault 13 still had remnants of the yet-existent concept as the Overseers were tasked with keeping its residents in
918-485: Is presented by 5-year moving averages. Next to SIPRI, there are several other sources that provide data on international transfers of arms. These include national reports by national governments about arms exports, the UN register on conventional arms, and an annual publication by the U.S. Congressional Research Service that includes data on arms exports to developing countries as compiled by U.S. intelligence agencies. Due to
969-760: Is substantial. There is relatively little regulation at the international level, and as a result, many weapons fall into the hands of organized crime, rebel forces, terrorists, or regimes under sanctions. The Control Arms Campaign , founded by Amnesty International , Oxfam , and the International Action Network on Small Arms , estimated in 2003 that there are over 639 million small arms in circulation and that over 1,135 companies based in more than 98 countries manufacture small arms as well as their various components and ammunition. Encompassing military aircraft (both land-based and naval aviation ), conventional missiles, and military satellites , this
1020-618: Is the most technologically advanced sector of the market. It is also the least competitive from an economic standpoint, with a handful of companies dominating the entire market. The top clients and major producers are virtually all located in the western world and Russia, with the United States easily in the first place. Prominent aerospace firms include Rolls-Royce , BAE Systems , Saab AB , Dassault Aviation , Sukhoi , Mikoyan , EADS , Leonardo , Thales Group , Lockheed Martin , Northrop Grumman , RTX Corporation , and Boeing . There are also several multinational consortia mostly involved in
1071-419: Is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy , which seeks to persuade governments to accept such limitations through agreements and treaties , although it may also be forced upon non-consenting governments. Tutorial (video games) Tutorials range from gently easing the player into the experience, to forcing them to learn via trial and error, only allowing them to proceed when they have mastered
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#17327936445801122-491: The Fallout 4: Nuka-World expansion pack. The Vault-Tec University is also a landmark in Fallout 76 . The Fallout television series also reveals that Vault-Tec has a headquarter building in California . Vault-Tec is featured in the 2024 television adaptation Fallout . It goes into more depth surrounding its pre-war corporate events, contributing heavily to the plot of the series. Four of their vaults were featured in
1173-542: The British government awarded a contract to the Elswick Ordnance Company to supply the latest loading artillery pieces. This galvanized the private sector into weapons production, with the surplus increasingly exported to foreign countries. William Armstrong became one of the first international arms dealers, selling his systems to governments across the world from Brazil to Japan. In 1884, he opened
1224-561: The Cold War when the United States and the USSR supplied weapons to their proxies across the world, particularly third world countries (see Nixon Doctrine ). This category includes everything from light arms to heavy artillery , and the majority of producers are small. Many are located in third-world countries. International trade in handguns , machine guns , tanks , armored personnel carriers , and other relatively inexpensive weapons
1275-760: The National Shooting Sports Foundation members' ability to obtain an export license from taking a month to taking just four days. This was due to the United States Department of Commerce and agencies associated with ITAR expediting weapons shipments to Ukraine. In addition, the time it took to obtain a permit to buy a firearm in Ukraine also decreased from a few months to a few days. Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in millions. These numbers may not represent real financial flows as prices for
1326-531: The Capital Wasteland such as Vault 101, where the Lone Wanderer begins the game. In Fallout 4 , the player is guided through a tutorial sequence where they enter Vault 111 and, as part of Vault-Tec's experiment within this vault, becoming cryogenically frozen for two centuries. One of the game's DLC is Vault-Tec Workshop , in which the player has the ability to construct and customize
1377-653: The North had about ten times the manufacturing capacity of the economy of the Confederate States of America . This advantage over the South included the ability to produce (in relatively small numbers) breech-loading rifles for use against the muzzle-loading rifled muskets of the South. This began the transition to industrially produced mechanized weapons such as the Gatling gun. This industrial innovation in
1428-651: The United States, Russia, China, Germany, and France, and the five biggest importers were India, Saudi Arabia, China, the United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan. The flow of arms to the Middle East increased by 87 percent between 2009–13 and 2014–18, while there was a decrease in flows to all other regions: Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania, and Europe. SIPRI has identified 67 countries as exporters of major weapons in 2014–18. The top 5 exporters during
1479-528: The allies. In 1885, France decided to capitalize on this increasingly lucrative trade and repealed its ban on weapon exports. The regulatory framework for the period up to the First World War was characterized by a laissez-faire policy that placed little obstruction in the way of weapons exports. Due to the carnage of World War I, arms traders began to be regarded with odium as "merchants of death" and were accused of having instigated and perpetuated
1530-490: The course of the entire game, as in the Legend of Zelda series. Game designers have also pointed out ways in which a game can be designed with tutorial elements without being obvious. In the original Super Mario Bros. , World 1-1 is designed so that when the player jumps over the first enemy, they are likely to accidentally hit a question mark block, which teaches the player where power-ups come from. The first level in
1581-546: The defense industry was adopted by Prussia in its 1864, 1866, and 1870–71 defeats of Denmark, Austria, and, France respectively. By this time the machine gun had begun entering arsenals. The first examples of its effectiveness were in 1899 during the Boer War and in 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War . However, Germany led the innovation of weapons and this advantage in the weapons of World War I nearly defeated
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1632-557: The different methodologies and definitions used different sources often provide significantly different data. SIPRI uses the "trend-indicator values" (TIV). These are based on the known unit production costs of weapons and represent the transfer of military resources rather than the financial value of the transfer. Units are in Trend Indicator Values expressed as millions of U.S. dollars at 1990s prices. These numbers may not represent real financial flows as prices for
1683-556: The game-play. The former type is often framed as guidance from a mentor character, such as a wise old man or elderly master , and sometimes even literally depicts the main character growing from a child into an adult as they learn their skills, as in Horizon Zero Dawn . The latter type of tutorial presents the player with increasingly difficult enemies that demonstrate techniques required to overcome them. Other types of tutorials include slowly giving players information over
1734-509: The initially-empty Vault 88. In Fallout Shelter , the player builds and manages their own vault. In Fallout 76 , which takes place in West Virginia , the player is an inhabitant of Vault 76, one of the 17 "control" vaults. According to a log in Fallout 3 , one of the workers for Vault 76, the assistant CEO of Vault-Tec, was kidnapped by aliens . Vault-Tec runs an institution in the area known as Vault-Tec University, which features
1785-698: The manufacturing of fighter jets , such as the Eurofighter . The largest military contract in history, signed in October 2001, involved the development of the Joint Strike Fighter . Several of the world's great powers maintain substantial naval forces to provide a global presence, with the largest nations possessing aircraft carriers , nuclear submarines and advanced anti-air defense systems . The vast majority of military ships are conventionally powered, but some are nuclear-powered . There
1836-469: The number of firearms in circulation had increased significantly between 2006 and 2017, primarily due to increases in civilian possession. During the early modern period , England, France, Sweden, and the Netherlands became self-sufficient in arms production, with diffusion and migration of skilled workers to more peripheral countries such as Portugal and Russia. The modern arms industry emerged in
1887-579: The original Half-Life is often considered a tutorial in disguise. It has since become common to think of the first level of a game as a tutorial, whether or not they explicitly give players instructions. In essence, an easy level can act as a tutorial. In strategy games like Age of Empires , an entire single player campaign can be seen as a tutorial to prepare a player for multiplayer battle. Game designers have been critical of tutorial levels and recommend providing instructions during ordinary gameplay. Playtesting usually helps define what instructions
1938-619: The period were responsible for 75 percent of all arms exports. The composition of the five largest exporters of arms changed between 2014 and 2018 and remained unchanged compared to 2009–13, although their combined total exports of major arms were 10 percent higher. In 2014–18, significant increases in arms exports from the US, France and Germany were seen, while Chinese exports rose marginally and Russian exports decreased. In 2014–18, 155 countries (about three-quarters of all countries) imported major weapons. The top 5 recipients accounted for 33 percent of
1989-444: The player towards helpful actions. Tutorials can also be achieved by giving the player natural cues with intelligent use of graphic design . Some Star Wars games have re-appropriated film dialog as in-game hints about what the player needs to do. Games have also increasingly made use of video tutorials and wikis for players to review on their own time. Other games have broken the fourth wall with their tutorials, using them as
2040-452: The population – its corporate leadership was playing the long game, using the majority of the Vaults to conduct social experiments and scientific research, free from the restraints of regulations or ethics." Defense company The arms industry , also known as the defense (or defence) industry , military industry , or the arms trade , is a global industry which manufactures and sells weapons and other military technology to
2091-507: The second half of the nineteenth century as a product of the creation and expansion of the first large military–industrial companies. As smaller countries and even newly industrializing countries like Russia and Japan could no longer produce cutting-edge military equipment with their Indigenous capacity-based resources, they increasingly began to contract the manufacturers of military equipment, such as battleships , artillery pieces and rifles to foreign government military entities. In 1854,
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2142-496: The series: three neighboring vaults, Vault 33, Vault 32 and Vault 31, as well as Vault 4. Lucy MacLean ( Ella Purnell ), a dweller of Vault 33, leaves in search of her Overseer father Hank MacLean ( Kyle MacLachlan ) who was kidnapped during a New California Republic (NCR) raid led by Lee Moldaver ( Sarita Choudhury ). One of the earliest mentions of the corporation itself takes place in the second episode where Enclave- defector Siggi Wilzig ( Michael Emerson ) takes "Vault-Tec Plan D,"
2193-571: The steepest year-on-year increase since 2009. SIPRI further found that the combined revenues of the top 100 largest defense companies totaled $ 597 billion in 2022, with the five largest companies by revenue being Lockheed Martin , RTX , Northrop Grumman , Boeing , and General Dynamics . SIPRI's data also showed that, between 2019 and 2023, the five largest arms exporting nations were the United States , France , Russia , China and Germany (taken together, they supplied approximately 75% of
2244-451: The total arms imports during the period. The top five arms importers – Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia, and Algeria – accounted for 35 percent of total arms imports in 2014–18. Of these, Saudi Arabia and India were among the top five importers in both 2009–13 and 2014–18. In 2014–18, the volume of major arms international transfers was 7.8 percent higher than in 2009–13 and 23 percent higher than that in 2004–08. The largest arms importer
2295-400: The underlying arms can be as low as zero in the case of military aid. Arms import rankings fluctuate heavily as countries enter and exit wars. Export data tend to be less volatile as exporters tend to be more technologically advanced and have stable production flows. 5-year moving averages present a much more accurate picture of import volume, free from yearly fluctuations. This is a list of
2346-502: The underlying arms can be as low as zero in the case of military aid. The following are estimates from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute . Overall global arms exports rose of about 6 per-cent in the last 5 years compared to the period 2010-2014 and increased by 20 per-cent since 2005–2009. Rankings for exporters below a billion dollars are less meaningful, as they can be swayed by single contracts. A much more accurate picture of export volume, free from yearly fluctuations,
2397-486: The vault no matter what, for as long as possible. Vault-Tec's lore formulized with the release of Fallout 2 , in which Cain described one of the vaults as being a "control vault," explaining it as giving the company "a purpose beyond just 'let's save some of the American population then release them back into a radioactive dead zone.'" Vault-Tec appears in Fallout 3 , notably behind the creation of several vaults in
2448-467: The war for earning their profits from weapons sales. An inquiry into these allegations in Britain failed to find evidence to support them. However, the sea change in attitude about war more generally meant that governments began to control and regulate the trade themselves. The volume of the arms trade greatly increased during the 20th century, and it began to be used as a political tool, especially during
2499-741: The world's arms exports during this period). In some regions of the world, there is a substantial trade in firearms for use by individuals (where such trade is legal, commonly cited purposes include self-defense and hunting/sporting). Trade in small arms , both legal and illegal, may be associated with violent crime and political instability . In 2017, the Small Arms Survey estimated that approximately one billion firearms were in global circulation; of those, 857 million (85%) were possessed by civilians, 133 million (13%) were possessed by national militaries, and 23 million (2%) belonged to law enforcement agencies. The Small Arms Survey also found that
2550-464: The world's largest arms manufacturers and other military service companies who profit the most from the war economy , their origin is shown as well. The information is based on a list published by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute for 2022. Arms control refers to international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation, and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction . It
2601-459: Was Saudi Arabia, importing arms primarily from the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Between 2009–13 and 2014–18, the flow of arms to the Middle East increased by 87 percent. Also including India, Egypt, Australia, and Algeria, the top five importers received 35 percent of the total arms imports, during 2014–18. The five largest exporters were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine changed
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